Sources na phraseology. A amfani da phraseology a jawabin

Rasha harshen ne daya daga cikin mafi arziki da kuma mafi ma'ana a duniya saboda yawan ma'ana wajen. Phraseology - sashe harsuna, a cikinsa karatu lexically basa hade da kalmomi, da ake kira musamman phraseological raka'a. Da taimakon su da shi ya zama mafi kyau.

Abin da ya aikata "kari"? Ma'ana

Kowane mutum yayi amfani da kama magana a cikin jawabin nasa, da gangan ko a sume, to ba shi da wani tunanin. Ba kowa ba ne ya sani asalin phraseology da kuma abin da suka kasance daban-daban maganganu. Don gane da aiki na winged phrases da kuma ba su gauraya su da sauran raka'a magana, shi wajibi ne su san su halaye.

1. kari ko da yaushe wuya a abun da ke ciki, da cewa an hada guda biyu ko fiye da kalmomi.

2. Shin undifferentiated darajar. Kari ba za a iya raba, amma za a iya bayyana a cikin wasu kalmomi-ma'ana. Alal misali, kalmar "ganga yi" da ake amfani da nufin "unreasonably zargi wani."

3. A bambanci zuwa free phrases phraseologisms halin haƙuri abun da ke ciki - da aka gyara an ba su canja ba da lambobin da kuma dadin jikina (ba su ce "cat naplakal" maimakon na gargajiya hada guda biyu "cat dariya" da kuma maimakon "ƙona" - "zakaru ba rarake". Zato ba tsammani, phraseologisms tare da dabi'u na "da yawa" da " 'yan" mafi sau da yawa amfani a jawabin).

4. The kama magana ne mai ƙayyadadden ajali kalma domin. Wrong ce "eh kashi fata" maimakon "fata da kuma kasusuwa". Wannan mulki ya shafi dukan phraseology.

5. The kama magana da harshen, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba a fassara kalmar ga kalma cikin wani. Idan akwai wata jumla a Rasha "tofa a cikin rufi", Birtaniya ce "zauna da twiddle yatsa", ma'anar za ta zama daya - "zauna da baya".

The ayyuka na phraseology a harshen

Kama magana ba a magana da kuma hasashe vividness. Ilimi na phraseology darajar a duk yankuna na mutum aiki, sau da yawa 'yan jarida suna juya zuwa wannan hanyoyin in skits da almara, amma dole ne ka san daidai abin da wakiltar kari. Jawabin humorist ko satirist zama haske da kuma mafi ma'ana idan shi zai tsaya a cikin jawabin kama magana. A amfani da phraseology a cikin jaridar Adadin labarai kasance ko da yaushe Topical, kuma sau da yawa marubucin fallashi su zuwa m canji. Za ka iya zaɓi 5 a lokacin da kama magana daukawa wani sabon ma'anar.

1. Fadada amfani saboda da share fage kalmar: "Cats ba kananan furry da kuma babban, kaifi fika datti, scraped zuci." A wannan yanayin, a sanannun kari da aka dismembered a cikin wasu kalmomi.
2. Yanayin aiki saukarwa (saukarwa) aka nuna a cikin shahararrun TV jerin "ba a haife Beautiful." Wannan ya nuna ci gaba: "kuma za a haifa farin ciki."
3. Sources na phraseology kõma daga gargajiya hakkin mallaka barga haduwa. Saboda haka, Latin taken "veni, vidi, vici" ( "Na zo, sai na ga, na yi nasara da") jarida musanyãwa nasu hanya, "Na zo, suka ga, rubuta".
4. Danganta mahara maganganu: "Shin, gama tsoron kira tsoro cewa Allah Pan dariya jellied Homeric dariya?" A dangane dole nasara, cewa jumlar bai duba m.
5. Halakar alama da ma'anar lokacin da kari yana da wani kai tsaye darajar, ba metaphorical, misali: "A cikin Buddha da mutummutumai da zinariya hannayensu".

Ta yaya kama magana?

Samuwar kowane mutane ta al'ada faruwa ga mutane da yawa ƙarni, wasiyya na daya daga cikin kasa ya fara yi sha'awar a cikin sãshe, sabõda haka, kana iya tsayar da sabon abu na assimilation. Sources na Rasha phraseological raka'a kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: 'yan qasar-Rasha da kuma aro. Sayings a Rasha harshen da aka aro daga Slavic da kuma wadanda ba Slavic harsuna. Daga cikin Turanci zo da ban sha'awa jumlar "hadari a teacup", "ya zama ko ba su zama", "Princess da fis". Bi da bi, Rasha salon maganarsu yada a duniya. Czechs da kuma Birtaniya har yanzu suna sauna daga Jagora "disservice", "gwarzo na lokacin mu" da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Primordially Rasha salon maganarsu kasu kashi uku manyan kungiyoyin: Common Slavonic, Gabas Slavic da kuma kai-Rasha. Da bambance-bambance aka bayyana ta da ƙasa a cikin abin da suka kasance rarraba.

1. By tsoho na kowa Slavic ko Slavonic hada da salon maganarsu da batutuwa da suka shafi Littafi Mai Tsarki motifs, kamar "a cikin Almasihu ta ƙirjinsa" kamar yadda "lafiya".
2. Gabas Slavic salon maganarsu yada Rasha, Belarusians da Ukrainians ( "to sa alade" - "don yi tir da", "ba gidan kuma gida" - "kõme ba a").
3. Sobstvennorusskie faxin: "tare da gulkin hanci" - "kadan", "rike da harshenka" - "shiru".

Stylistic yadudduka na phraseology

A mutum yana amfani da a cikin jawabin da kafa haduwa da kalmomi da alama ma'anar, ba tare da ko da tunani game da shi, kuma daga cikinsu akwai wani lokacin ze m. Masana kimiyya sun raba duk phraseological raka'a a kan uku yadudduka dangane da stylistic canza launi.

1. Baruwan haduwa, kamar "Sabuwar Shekara", "view". Kari da dabi'u na wannan wani shiri ne yawanci sauki a fassarar, a matsayin mutum yana amfani da su a cikin jawabin sau da yawa isa.
2. Littafi. Su za a iya amfani ba kawai a buga amma kuma a yau da kullum jawabin - shi zai nuna game da wani mutum na erudition ( "Babel", "Achilles diddige"). Duk da haka, bai dace ba yin amfani bookish salon maganarsu a wani na saitin ko ma sau da yawa.
3. Faɗa. Amfani da quite sau da yawa "maverick", "buffoon" da sauran salon maganarsu. Grade 6 - lokaci mafi kyau ka san ko da dalibi da irin wannan maganganu, cewa ya fara rayayye amfani da su.
4. Vernacular salon maganarsu unacceptable a cikin jawabin da wani ilimi mutum, musamman a cikin wani m saitin. Domin fahince yiwu karba mai kyau magana. Saboda haka, kalmar "cike da wawa" za a iya maye gurbinsu phraseology "zo up a matsayin raƙumin dawa."

Sayings a cikin wasu harsuna

Dukan mutanen duniya da babban al'adu, wanda za a iya dangana, da kuma wallafe-wallafe. Kama magana ne ba ba kawai a cikin Rasha harshen, amma kuma a cikin da yawa wasu. Sau da yawa da aka gyara an canza, don haka ba za ka iya ko da yaushe fahimtar abin da ake nufi kari, amma ma'anarta kasance iri guda. Wasu bambance-bambance za a iya gano da misali da harshen Turanci.

• Kalmar "rare tsuntsu" ( "rara avis") ya zo daga Latin. A Rasha ya bayyana kari "fari hankaka", da kuma Turanci translation aka bai canja ba.
• "Duka kamar kifi a kan kankara" - don haka ce game da wani mutum wanda ke tsunduma a cikin wuya da komai aiki. A Turanci, da magana sauti kamar "Pull shaidan da wutsiya."
• Kari "sa wani dutse daga krotovnitsy" da "ba wajen yin wani giwa tashi" ne cikakken ma'ana, amma na farko da aka samu a cikin al'ummai na Turai.
• A Turanci, da m magana "kamar yadda iska ya hura" sauti kamar "bace a cikin bakin ciki iska." Sai suka ce game da wani mutum wanda da sauri kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya bace, ba bayyana.
• Known magana ", biyu biyu suke hudu" a Turanci shi sauti quite daban-daban: "shi ne bayyananne kamar yadda hanci a kan fuskarsa." Shin wannan saboda rauni sanin ilmin lissafi?
• The English kari "kiran wani spade a spade" sauti mafi zahiri, "kiran wani spade a spade." Yana iya zama mai ban sha'awa tambaya: "Me ya sa yake da wani lambu kayan aiki, ba a pudding ko kofi?"

• Idan Rasha mutãne zã su ce "ci gaba da bakinka rufe," da Banasare yi chatterbox "acikin sarƙa bakinka." Don sani domin tabbatar, wanda ke nufin kari da cewa ba ka ji, don Allah koma zuwa ƙamus.
• Wasu kama phrases daga daban-daban al'ummai na duniya gaba daya riƙe da ƙamus bangaren a translation. Saboda haka, salon maganarsu "in je ta hanyar wuta da kuma ruwa," "fi'ili zawo", "rai a bude" da "neman allura a cikin wani kirigar ingirici" sauti guda a Turanci, kuma a Rasha.

Sayings kafintoci, matuƙan da sauransu

A Rasha, babban rukuni dauki salon maganarsu, da zarar amfani da wani musamman aiki. Lura cewa kamar yadda akwai salon maganarsu a ƙunƙuntaccen da'irar mutane, wanda sai ya zama ya dace a cikin al'umma. Saboda haka rare da matuƙan cewa "a fyaɗa" da "tafi tare da ya kwarara" kuma suna da wata alama da ma'anar - "bar tare da kome ba" da kuma "ku yi ɗã'a ga yanayi." A jumlar "babu kulli ko jinkirta", "ado irin goro" da sauransu amfani a sana'a Sphere masassaƙa, da kuma daga baya kowa. Idan masunta amfani a cikin jawabin, da kalmar "don samun to koto" ko "ciji da ƙugiya" a zahiri hankali, wasu ce don haka a halin da ake ba alaka kamun kifi. Saboda haka, kafofin of phraseology za a iya samu a cikin masu sana'a filayen aiki.

Sayings da kuma tsufa

A zamani duniya bashin yawa da al'adun zamanin tsohuwar Girka da kuma Roma, kamar yadda classic misalai na art aka aza daidai a cikin wannan zamanin. TAMBAYA daga zamanin d camfin kuma epics amfani a cikin adabi na yanzu shekara. Sources na phraseology za a iya gano zamanin tsohuwar Girka da kuma Roma, a matsayin tsoho labarai ne ko da yaushe cikin mutuncinsa.

Yau, kana da wuya ji kari "fall shiga hannun Morpheus", da kuma a baya Masters kalmomi sau da yawa koma zuwa wannan yawa. Asalin da m magana ake dangantawa kai tsaye tare da biyu mamaki. Kwayoyin maganin barci na morphine samu daga poppy flower kãwunansu, kuma gunkin Morpheus a zamanin tsohuwar Girka da aka ¡uraishi poppy furanni da kuma ba ya buɗe idanu.

Bata da wannan fatar a cikin tarihin duniya - ya zama majiɓinci na aure. Da yake jawabi game da ƙungiyar na biyu masoya sau da yawa amfani da magana, a matsayin wani ɓangare na abin da yake wata kalma cewa alama ce da sarkar, jijiyoyin ko wasu a haɗa abubuwa. Dangantaka daura mutum daya zuwa wani - kuma ya bayyana kari "shaidu na bata da wannan fatar", ma'ana madawwami soyayya da kuma so a tsakanin mutane biyu.

Long da suka wuce allahiya na sabani Eris ya yanke shawarar ya dauki fansa a kan abũbuwan bautawarku, wanda aka ba gayyace ta zuwa wani biki. Ta komowa shi a zinariya apple da rubutu "ban mamaki Hera, Aphrodite da Athena". Uku alloli sun dogon jãyayya, wanda gaskiya da ya sa da cewa suna, amma Paris ya sanya ta zabi a cikin ni'imar da allahiya na soyayya. Domin wannan, ta taimake shi don samun Helen, saboda wanda ya fara dogon Trojan War. Saboda haka akwai kari "apple da sabani".

Ancient Greek fabulist Aesop ba kowa da kowa da aka bai wa fahimta. A cikin jawabin, ya sau da yawa amfani da misalai liyafar, saboda abin da suke kewaye da ba tsammani abin da ya ke yi da magana. Yau, da magana "Aesop harshe" na nufin ikon ra'ayinsu allegories da misalai.

Rawar da phraseology a kafofin watsa labarai

The aiki na wallafe - don jawo hankalin masu karatu kuma saya a manyan masu sauraro, godiya ga wanda jaridar bukatar zai zama ko da yaushe high. M 'yan jarida sau da yawa kokarin karba haske metaphorical take, tushen abin sha kari. A CIS, girmamawa da kuma tuna da Rasha marubuta na Golden Age, don haka sau da yawa zabi suna da labarin ta shahara quote Griboyedov "Wãne ne alƙalai?" daga cikin ayyukansa, "Bone ya tabbata daga wit". Mafi sau da yawa, marubutan amfani da salon maganarsu ko kari su tare da sabon lexical aka gyara. Alal misali, suna "The takardar kudi ba ƙona" wani hulda da Mihailom Bulgakovym da ya shahara tafiya ne da ma'anar "Rubuce-rubucen ba ƙona". Saboda haka, kafofin of phraseology - shi ne ma mai almarar. The m kama magana "babban jirgin mai ruwa" da "kaji kafin su hatched" 'yan jarida canza zuwa "mafi rubles girma ruwa" da kuma "Ko dokoki kafin su hatched". Masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa yin amfani da phraseology a kafofin watsa labarai ko da yaushe jawo hankalin masu karatu. Yana da muhimmanci a san da darajar kowane stylistic Figures, don kauce wa rikice faru.

Kurakurai a cikin yin amfani da phraseology

An ilimi mutum yana kokarin ado jawabin nasa winged phrases, amfani da sana'a sharuddan da kasashen waje kalmomi. Sau da yawa da yin amfani da wasu nau'i ne ba daidai ba, zai iya shafar gabar mahallin da kuma gaba daya ya canza shi. Akwai da dama missteps cewa sau da yawa faruwa a mutum magana ba.

Wasu zargi rage phraseologism abun da ke ciki a sakamakon rasa aka gyara "dalibi nasara yawa da za a so" maimakon "dalibi nasara ba mai kyau." A farko nau'i na cin abinci ba daidai ba. Maye gurbin daya daga cikin aka gyara na iya zama na asali, amma wani lokacin shi kawai ke sa shi dariya.

Media ma'aikata sau da yawa amfani da jawabin kari "inda babu dan jarida da ya gabãta." A barga hade a wannan yanayin, maimakon kalmar "mutumin" An gyara.

Sauyawa aka gyara su ne kusa a sauti - wani kuskure wanda za a iya gabatar da wani ilimi da mutum ya tsaya cak. Saboda haka, maimakon tsari daidai "kada su rasa zuciya" za a iya ji "ba a rasa zuciya" - zaba fi'ili a baya siga na tushen fi'ili maimakon.

Rahoton sauyawa na nahawu siffofin kuma iya sa aka bushe da dariya, musamman a lokacin da maimakon phraseologism "zauna daya ta ciki" mutane ji "zauna daya ta ciki". Canza mufuradi da jam'i unacceptable.

Sau da yawa kuskuren yakan faru a cikin hadawa da biyu phrases. Kari "yin bambanci" da "taka rawa" za a iya rikita batun tare da juna, sakamakon haka ne a funny nuna "play darajar".

Rashin fahimta halayya Jagora - shi ne mai tsanani kuskure, saboda saboda wannan zai iya samun m tayi, don haka yana da muhimmanci mu san yadda akwai salon maganarsu, kuma a lõkacin da suka kamata a yi amfani. Saboda haka, kalmar "funny digiri raira waƙa da swan song" (a song sung by wani mutuwa tsuntsu) sauti m, don haka idan ba ka tabbatar da game da amfani da phraseological, wasa da shi lafiya.

Sau nawa muka yi amfani da phrases cruise? Kari a yau da kullum magana

Man amfani kama phrases a cikin jawabin da yawa fiye da alama. Yawanci, wannan ya faru a sume. Saboda haka, wata rana, wasu karanta da dama dozin maganganu. Sau da yawa manhaja hada phraseologisms (Grade 6, dole).

Mun kira wani "scapegoat" da mutum wanda yana da za a gudanar da lissafi ga miyãgun ayyukansu, wasu kuma zama fushi a wani, sai ka ce: "Zan nuna maka samun kashe!" Kokarin cimma da ake so sakamakon da dukan kokarin mu "sanyi kamar kurege a wata ƙafa," da kuma m, fara zuwa "aiki a wani slipshod hanya." Ganin shiru suna fadin tsohuwar mace, za mu kira shi "Allah ta Dandelion", wani mutum ya tsere korau gefe da hali - da "black tumaki na iyali."

Da yawa kasa mutane suna so su karba salon maganarsu da gangan to ba wani jawabin ado canza launi. Speakers, dangane da jigo na jawabin nasa, fara shi da kama magana, don haka da cewa sauraro da sha'awar. Samari sukan "hadaya kibiya" fayyace wannan dangantaka, da kuma kafin cewa shawarta "zauna daya ta ciki" don sami ƙarfi. M yara "tafi unheeded" m gorar iyayensu, kamar yadda "zurfi sauka" bayan shekaru baƙin ciki. Saboda haka, phraseology aka daidaita a cikin rayuwar kowane mutum.