Ammonium nitrate

Chemical ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 dabara wanda, na dogon lokaci da aka sani zuwa chemists, duk da haka a 1659 shi ya bude IR Glauber. A adabi, shi shimfidawa wani sunan ga wannan fili - ammonium nitrate. Azahiri ammonium nitrate ne fari lu'ulu'u da ciwon high hygroscopicity. Tafasar batu na cikin fili ne 235 ° C da kuma 169,6 ° C da ammonium nitrate farawa ya narke. Akwai da dama crystal gyare-gyare, wanda suke quite gagarumin sakamako a kan sinadaran da jiki Properties, kuma da ikon yinsa.

Alal misali, wadannan bambance-bambance ne cewa daban-daban gyare-gyare da daban-daban crystal nau'i na raga. A total akwai biyar irin wannan gyare-gyare. Domin na farko gyara halin da cubic siffar na crystal raga, domin 2nd kuma 5th - tetragonicheskaya for 3rd da 4th - orthorhombic. Kamar wancan ne a sakamakon mulki daga fili zuwa wani canji gano sauka a hankali amma kwari karuwa a naúrar cell girma. Wannan dukiyar sa bambanci a cikin sinadaran Properties. Saboda haka, misali, gyara IV abu yana da wani yawa 1,725 g / cm3, dab da zazzabi riga 139,4S °.

A solubility na ammonium nitrate kamar haka: ɗaya da ɗari grams na ruwa a 0 ° C 119 grams na abu an narkar da a zazzabi na 25 ° C 212 grams na riga narkar da, da kuma a 50 ° C - 346 grams na ammonium nitrate. Bugu da ƙari, ammonium nitrate za a iya narkar da a pyridine, methanol da ethanol. A muhimmanci sosai halayyar da fili abubuwa da cewa a wani tasiri mataki, ko a lokacin da yanayi zazzabi na kan 270 ° C, ammonium nitrate decomposes, haddasa fashewar sakamako.

Tare da Manuniya iya ayyana wani acidic yanayi, wanda yana dauke da ammonium nitrate hydrolysis da sa hannu ne a dauki lissafi wanda za a iya rubuta kamar: NH4NO3 + H2O = NH4OH + HNO3 . Ammonium nitrate reacts tare da alkaline mafita. A sakamakon irin halayen, don samar da ammonia, da kuma dauki tsari kanta abubuwa a matsayin wani ingantaccen dauki zuwa ammonium nitrate.

Kullum, abu samu ta hanyar dauke da fitar neutralization na 60% HNO3. Kamar yadda neutralizing wakili amfani NH3 a gaseous jihar. A kan aiwatar da zafi ne saki, wanda aka nufi ga danshin da bayani daga ammonium nitrate da kuma sakamakonsa abu a cikin hanyar granules.

Mafi na kowa yin amfani da ammonium nitrate ya a aikin noma, a matsayin mai muhimmanci da nitrogen taki. Active fili amfani a samar da nakiyoyi, kazalika da reagent - kamar yadda sauran ƙarfi zirconium a cikin man fetur abubuwa, a lokacin da farfadowa aiki na sharar nukiliya. Jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties sa wani m karuwa a bukatar a abu, don haka da samar da yake sannu-sannu girma da kuma a yau ya kai miliyan 20 ton a kowace shekara, tare da recalculation kwayoyin halitta a kan nitrogen rabo.

Ammonium nitrate za a iya samu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a yarda da tsanani ranmu da aminci dokoki. A saboda wannan dalili, a wani kankara wanka hadawa samar da sosai tsarma nitric acid da kuma ammonium hydroxide (mai ruwa-ruwa ammonia). Don gudanar da irin wannan dauki da ya fi kyau mugun, msl, tare da yin amfani da manipulators, da kuma kasancewa a isasshe hadari nesa daga wurin da gauraye bayani. Dauke da fitar da dauki ƙunshi a cikin wani m acid da aka blended a wani ammonia bayani a lokaci-lokaci dubawa na nuna alama (litmus) kai wani tsaka tsaki dauki yanayin. A cikin wannan hanya da kuma bayar da iko a kan dauki. Lokacin wucewa acidic yanayi - an kara zuwa wani bayani da wani alkaline bangaren, da kuma mataimakin versa.