Bacillus - sanda-dimbin yawa bacteria

Kwayoyin cutar - kankanin kwayoyin, microscopic, wanda ba su da bayyane ga tsirara ido. Su ba su iyakance da harsashi na tsakiya. Irin kwayoyin zuwa kimiyyar zamani ne fiye da 3,000 jinsunan, daga cikinsu zauna a manyan kashi na bacilli. Bacillus - sanda-dimbin yawa kwayoyin. Kuma da sunan da shi ne kai tsaye nuni da bayyanar (Latin: bacillum - itace). Wadannan kwayoyin cuta da aka kira wani Bajamushe masanin kimiyya V. Kohn a siffar, kama wani itace.

HALITTAR na kwayoyin cuta

Abin da ke nufi da bacteriology laima Kalmar "bacillus"? Wannan shi ne quite wani m HALITTAR na gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin halayyar siffar. Kuma na farko, ban da bayyanar, suka raba da ikon samar spores kwayuka hidima ga kiwon waddan da kuma kiyayewa daga cikin nau'in a m yanayi. Ba duk, amma wasu daga cikin germs sa cutar da kuma mai guba cututtuka a cikin mutane, kuma, saboda haka, suna pathogenic (more game da su bayyana a kasa). Kuma da yawa daga wadannan kwayoyin cuta - saprophytes, yafi rayuwa a cikin ƙasa.

al'ada rarrabuwa

Ya kamata a lura da cewa "kwayoyin bacillus" - m al'ada rarrabuwa. Yau aka yi amfani da ilimin suna rare. Wannan al'ada ne da cewa nau'i na bacilli hali na da yawa kwayoyin cuta (sai dai cocci ciwon zagaye), da kuma mai girma iri-iri na kananan kwayoyin halitta za a iya halin da alãmarsu matsayin Wand. Amma shi ne har yanzu yiwu a gano wasu key halaye generalizing jinsi.

key Features

1. Mafi yawa daga cikin bacilli - saprophytes. Sun maida da organics zuwa inorganic mahadi a sakamakon ta aiki.
2. Haƙuri zuwa oxygen. Domin su shi ne ba mai guba, da kuma mutane da yawa amfani da shi domin numfasawa (aerobic).
3. Bacillus yi su da harshen damo saboda sinadaran halayen.
4. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta da kuma mobile motsi da aka yi ta hanyar flagella.
5. Virulence: da yawa germs sa cuta a cikin mutane.

da ƙungiyoyi

Mutane da yawa daga cikin sanda-dimbin yawa bacilli suna harhada cikin da dama Kwayoyin.

• Diplobatsilla - biyu jam'iyya, a hade biyu kwayan Kwayoyin.
• Streptobatsilla - sarkar, inda da dama Kwayoyin suna hade a cikin wani rukuni. Saboda haka, misali, da Anthrax bacillus ne sosai tsawo, a cikin nau'i na Tuddan yarns sarkar ƙungiyoyi.

rigingimu

Bacillus - a bacteria iya kafa spores. Wannan spore samuwar iya zama daya daga cikin mafi shakka akwai ayoyi ga rarrabuwa. Bugu da ƙari, cikin siffar canji na matsayi na bacilli spores a cikin kwayan cell. A tetanus bacillus, misali, rigingimu slipping cikin ƙarshen cell, ba shi da wani irin drum sandunansu (clostridia). Kuma butyric bacilli - a tsakiyar cell, don haka ba su da wani dogara sanda siffar (plektridii).

Kwayan spores ana gane da masana kimiyya mafi wanzuwa abokai na duk rayuwa siffofin on duniya duniya. Characteristically, sauran ba su yi shakka metabolism. Su ne resistant zuwa tururi, da bushewa, radiation, rashin oxygen, acid. A sauran, da muhawara ne sosai m. Aka same su a duk wuraren a duniya. Idan sharadi gwargwado faruwa, da muhawara sa'an nan da sauri amsa ga muhalli, da kuma germinate, komawarsu karfi girma.

Misalai na pathogenic bacilli

• Bacillus anthracis - da causative wakili na Anthrax. Pathogenicity dangana ga na biyu kungiyar.
• Bacillus cereus - da causative wakili na abinci mai guba da cututtuka a jiki na wani mutum.
• Bordetella pertussis - aka samu a cikin huhu, shi sa whooping tari.
• Koch ta bacillus - a hanyar da tarin fuka kamuwa da cuta.
• Tetanus bacillus - causative wakili na tetanus.

Amma ba duk germs ne cutarwa. Kimiyyar zamani ya koya don amfani da su tabbatacce halaye. Wasu germs ake amfani a samar kamar yadda kera na protease da amylase. A gubobi samar da su, ana amfani da kwari don amfanin gona kariya.