Paleogene lokaci - lokacin samuwar halittu masu shayarwa. halayyar Paleogene

Wasu lokuta na yanki tarihi na Duniya, da Paleogene, da Devonian, Cambrian, misali, sãɓã wa jũna a cikin tsanani da canji a ƙasa. Saboda haka, 570 mln.- 480 da miliyan da suka wuce, sun bayyana ne kwatsam mai yawa albarkatu. Miliyan 400 - 320 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, kai da ganiya orogenic motsi. A ƙasar ya fara yada iri shuke-shuke, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ya bayyana. An yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne mafi aiki lokaci na ilmin tarihin kasa tarihi. Paleogene n-d ɓawon burodi tsari ne hadaddun. A da yawa hanyoyi da shi ya yi kama da na zamani.

Features yanayi

A general, a lokacin da samuwar ɓawon burodi tsarin a duniya zauna mun gwada high zazzabi. Wannan ne evidenced da ruwan dare daga cikin yanayi na hamada, masu rarrafe rarraba, juyin halitta na kwari (Paleogene, Perm). Triassic lokaci alama zargin m dabbobi masu shayarwa na farko dinosaur. A ƙasar mamaye coniferous shuke-shuke. A Paleogene da sauyin yanayi da aka m. A Equatorial yanayin zafi zai iya isa 28 digiri, kuma a cikin yanki kusa da Arewa Sea -. 22-26.

tsarin karba-karba

A lokacin Paleogene akwai biyar zones:

• 2 subtropical.
• Equatorial.
• 2 wurare masu zafi.

A high yanayin zafi ciyar aiki weathering. Kaya daga laterite da kaolinite core kayayyakin da su redeposition an san a Brazil garkuwa a California, Indiya, Afrika da tsibirin na da Indo-Malay tarin tsiburai. A Equatorial part suka fara samar da rigar Evergreen gandun daji. Bã su da wasu kamance da data kasance iri-iri a yau a yankin Saharar Afrika da Amazon. Rigar yammacin sahara sun hali na yammacin Turai, Amurka, da kudanci da kuma tsakiyar yankunan Gabashin Turai, da yammacinta na kasar Sin da kuma Asia. A kudancin zonebyli kowa danshi-m Evergreen gandun daji. Akwai faru ferriallitnoe da lateritic weathering. Kudancin Arewacin rufe tsakiyar ɓangare na Australia, sassan Kudu. Amirka da kuma Afirka ta Kudu.

subtropics

Su aka rarraba a arewacin Amurka da kuma Gabas Turai dandali, kudancin Canada, Japan da kuma Far East. Tare da evergreens broadleaf plantings aka mika wa wadannan yankunan. A Kudancin Hemisphere subtropics sun kowa a kudancin Chile da kuma Argentina, New Zealand da kuma ta Kudu. Australia. The talakawan zafin jiki na surface ruwa a cikin epicontinental tekuna bel ba fiye da 18 digiri. Kila yanayin rufe da tsakaitãwa, rinjaye a cikin yankuna na Far Arewa na Arewacin Nahiyar Amirka, a kan Kamchatka Larabawa a gabashin Siberia. A lokacin Eocene, girman da wurare masu zafi da kuma Equatorial zones muhimmanci kumbura, da yanayi na subtropics an tarwatsa nisa da iyakacin duniya yankuna.

halayyar Paleogene

Yana fara da miliyan 65, kuma ya ƙare 23.5 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce. A matsayin mai raba mahaluži Paleogene kasaftawa Naumann a 1866, sai aka hada Up zuwa wannan batu a cikin manyan tsarin. A tsarin da ɓawon burodi tare da haihuwa da matasa ba dandamali. Recent baza isasshe manyan yankunan a geosynclinal Musulunci belts. Su yankin kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da farkon na Mesozoic, muhimmanci rage a cikin Pacific yankin. Ga farkon Cenozoic zamanin akwai m folded dutsen yankin. A arewacin yammancin duniya zuwa Amirka ta Arewa da kuma Eurasia. Wadannan biyu dandali kunshi wani tsararru na dā da na matasa tsarin. Su shared da Atlantic tasa, amma a yankin na Bering Sea, da data kasance a yau da suke da alaka. A kudancin nahiyar Gondwana riga ya wanzu. Antarctica da kuma Australia kasance raba nahiyoyi. Kudancin Amirka da kuma Afirka na da alaka har zuwa tsakiyar Eocene.

Flora

Paleogene Cainozoe daban-daban ubiquitous mamayar angiosperms da softwood (gymnosperms). A karshen aka rarraba gabaɗaya a cikin high latitudes. A Equatorial gandun daji rinjãya, a cikin abin da girma yawanci roba shuke-shuke da bishiyoyi da daban-daban da wakilan sandalwood. A zuciya na nahiyar mamaye Woodlands da savannas. Middle latitudes sun wurare don yada wurare masu zafi da danshi-m shuke-shuke da kuma shuke-shuke da temperate latitudes. Akwai itace ferns, sandal, burodi da kuma banana itatuwa. A yankunan da high latitud nau'in abun da ke ciki canja da cika fuska. A nan a cikin Paleogene lokaci girma Araucaria, arborvitae, cypress, itacen oak, Laurel, chestnut, redwood, Myrtle. Dukan su sun hankula wakilan Flora subtropics. Ciyayi a cikin Paleogene lokacin da aka da kuma Arctic Circle. A Amirka, arewacin Turai da kuma Arctic mamaye coniferous da m-Leaved deciduous gandun daji. Amma girma a cikin wadannan yankunan da subtropical shuke-shuke, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. A kan su ci gaba da kuma ci gaban ba shi da wani musamman sakamako na iyakacin duniya dare.

terrestrial fauna

Dabbobi a cikin Paleogene lokaci ne matuƙa, daban-daban daga abin da suka kasance a gabãninsu. Maimakon dinosaur sun kananan m dabbobi masu shayarwa. Su yafi lugar gandun daji yankin da kuma Marshes. Muhimmanci rage yawan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Sun fara yada proboscidian, alade da tapiropodobnye, indikoterievye (kama wani karkanda). Mafi yawan su an maida shi musamman domin dauke da fitar mafi yawan lokaci a cikin ruwa. A Paleogene lokaci na duniya ya fara zauna kamar yadda magabatan dawakai, hakori na jinsuna daban. Da ɗan baya bayyana creodontas (da yara). The fi na itatuwa fara zauna a toothless tsuntsu. Savannah sanaki predatory diatrimy. Sun kasance bã su iya tashi tsuntsu. Kwari da aka gabatar a cikin salo da dama. A farkon Paleogene fara bayyana lemurs - da wakilan da mafi m kungiyoyin na mannyan birai - prosimians. Har ila yau, ya fara zauna a ƙasar manyan marsupials. Daga cikin su an san kuma herbivorous da carnivorous wakilan.

marine wakilan

A Paleogene lokacin ya fara blossoming na bivalve molluscs da cephalopods. A bambanci to baya jinsunan, suka zauna cikinsu ba kawai m ruwa, amma ruwan zartsi, kuma ruwa tare waha. Wasu daga gastropods aka zaunar a kan filayen kwarinta. sababbu teku urchins sun zama musamman tartsatsi a tsakanin sauran kwaro, Sponges, bryozoans, murjãni, arthropod. Karami yawa da aka gabatar decapod crustaceans. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, sun hada da jatan lande da crayfish. Rage muhimmanci idan aka kwatanta da baya lokaci rawa brahoipod da bryozoans. A sakamakon kwanan nan karatu, an gano cewa, wani musamman da darajar daga cikin kwayoyin a lokacin da wakilan nanoplankton - microscopic kokkolitofridy. A flowering daga wadannan zinariya algae lissafta ga Eocene. Tare da su, muna da darajar rockforming diatomaceous siliceous da flagellates. Sea zaune ma vertabrate. Daga gare su, mafi tartsatsi amfani fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifaye. Har ila yau, a cikin tẽku, da ya samu halartar wakilai daga guringuntsi - haskoki da Akulovo. Suka fara bayyana cikin magabatan Whales, sirens, dabbobin ruwa.

Gabas-Turai dandali

A lokacin Paleogenic kamar yadda neogene lokacin samuwar dake a cikin nahiyar yanayi. A togiya shi ne m sassa. Sun dandana kadan deflection da kuma fara da za a rufe da m tekuna. Ci gaban da Gabas Turai dandali a cikin Cenozoic ake dangantawa da canje-canje a cikin Rum zone. A farko, yafi ragewan, sa'an nan - da babban daga. A kudancin Paleogene sagged dandali, wanda shi ne m zuwa Bahar bel. A m tekuna fara tara carbonate-clayey da yashi sediments. By ƙarshen Paleogene tasa fara raguwa cikin sauri, da kuma a cikin na gaba lokaci - Neogene - kafa nahiyar tsarin mulki.

Siberian dandali

Ta ya da ɗan yanayi daban-daban fiye da Gabashin {asar Turai. A lokacin Cenozoic zamanin Siberian dandali shi da aka gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na isasshe high dagagge yanki na yashewa. Na fara samar da wata duwatsu tsarin na arewa maso gabashin shugabanci. Height sarƙoƙi ya karu a cikin shugabanci na tadawa da ake kira Baikalsky vault. By karshen AD ya bayyana mountainous ƙasa, wasu kololuwa wanda isa dubu uku. M. A axial ɓangare na tsarin kafa na dogon kuma kunkuntar depressions. Su mai shimfiɗa a kan wani nesa na fiye da 1.7 dubu. Km daga Mongolian iyaka zuwa tsakiyar hanya. Olekma. The most lake aka dauke su ciki. Baikal - matsakaicin zurfin - 1.620 mita.