Baikal-Amur Mainline: babbar sufuri Dandali. Construction na Baikal-Amur Mainline

Baikal-Amur Mainline - daya daga cikin mafi girma a Railways a duniya. Its yi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban na Siberian yankin, ya kara kuzari ga samuwar masana'antu Enterprises, fitowan da sabon birane, bayar da aikin yi ga dubban mutane a cikin kasar.

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Gwamnatin Rasha ta dauka a yanke shawara gina Baikal-Amur Railway a cikin marigayi 19th karni. A hanya gudanar, ta hanyar da arewa na Baikal, shi zai zama mai nasara a cikin ci gaban da gabashin yankuna. Bayan da yaki, da Japan da a warware matsalar da wuya-da-wadata a gabacin. A yakin duniya na farko, juyin juya halin da kuma nasa sakamakon tilasta jinkirta wannan batun - a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin da babu dabara kuma ba da damar aiwatar da manyan sikelin-aikin.

Sake shi ya dauki shi har 1930. A wani taro na gwamnati da aka neme musamman kungiyar yin aiki a kan layin dogo aikin, wanda za a Kwafa da Trans-Siberian Railway, amma sai aka located zuwa arewa da kuma samar da wani kanti da Pacific Coast. A daidai wannan lokaci da sabon hanyoyin da za a bayar da sunan - Baikal-Amur Mainline. Major sufuri Dandali dace da Irkutsk, Amur Region, Khabarovsk Territory, ƙarya a Jamhuriyar Buryatia da Yakutia m asashe. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1933 na farko Railway layi, yankin da aka kafa.

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Full-sikelin aiki a kan gina BAM, wanda alaka Taishet da Sovetskaya Gavan, birnin kashe bakin tekun na teku, ya fara a 1937. Asb nan da nan samu na yau da kullum sunan - "yi na karni". Wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Construction na Baikal-Amur Mainline jan a ga shekaru, tsaya ga 'yan shekaru saboda yaki, sa'an nan kuma saboda na wani rashin kudade. Don wannan rana, da BAM ne daya daga cikin mafi tsada ayyukan kammala a cikin karni na 20th.

Domin gina duk kasar da gidajen kurkuku da kuma sansanonin jawo hankalin dubban fursunonin. Hukumomi da hankalinsu yawan ya dauki bangare a cikin shiri na hanya, wanda ya kamata ya zama a nan gaba na iko. Magina samar da masauki, kuma duk dole wurare. Tare da gina hanyoyi da kuma birni samo asali Siberia.

A lokacin daga 1942 zuwa 1947 aikin da aka dakatar saboda yaki. A tasha na gaba ya faru a 1953. Tsada aikin da ake bukata manyan masu zuba jari da kuma mutum albarkatun.

Construction koma kawai bayan kusan shekaru 20 - a shekara ta 1974. "Construction na karni" ta fara sake kara taki, ɓullo da ƙware inda da dama. Sai da na ɗauki wani shekaru 12 a haɗa duk shafukan. A wannan lokaci, a daban-daban shafukan da dama yankuna na kasar da aka aiki a total na game da miliyan 2 yi ma'aikata. A shekarar 1989, akwai cikakken BAM a taswirar Rasha. A lokaci guda da aka hukuma da ya sa a cikin aiki.

Baikal-Amur Mainline: babbar sufuri Dandali

Asb fara a Taishet tashar Trans-Siberian Railway, sa'an nan ke da Gabas. A nan ne masomin hanya a haɗa da biyu mafi m kai aikin ƙasashe. Lokacin da aka gina Baikal-Amur Mainline, manyan harkokin sufuri Dandali sun kasance rayayye "girma a cikin" da yawan jama'a a kudi na magina daga ko'ina cikin kasar zo nan aiki, sa'an nan bar for m zama.

A key tashoshin hanya ne: Taishet, Tynda, Nerungri, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Soviet Harbor. Asb shi ne na farko Railway a kan ƙasa na Yakutia, wanda shi ne saboda matsananci yanayi ya dade da aka yanke daga cikin kasar, da kuma sako ne da za'ayi na musamman ta hanyar iska tafiya.

Development na ƙasar a kusa da BAM

Designers, a haɗa da Trans-Siberian Railway da Pacific Coast, ya zaɓi hanya domin nan gaba da hanya, rufe da manyan ma'adinai adibas. Kuma haka dai aka shirya ya kara yadda ya dace da kai. Reluwe waƙoƙi sun kawo moriya sosai da kuma tallafa a harkokin sufuri na ma'adanai.

A mafi karatu a cikin hanyar bin BAM ne waɗanda coalfields: Ogodzhinskaya da Elga, Udokanskoye jan karfe, da kuma man gas filayen a Talakanskoye, VC, Yarakta da kuma sauran yankunan. Har ila yau, akwai gagarumin adibas na baƙin ƙarfe ores, jan ores, apatite da kuma iskar gas a cikin wasu sassa na hanyar. Don kara da yi da kuma yadda ya dace da ayyukan a wadannan wurare, shi wajibi ne don tsayar da sufuri kayayyakin more rayuwa a cikin yankin da kuma tabbatar da da isar da albarkatun kai tsaye zuwa wurin loading a cikin mota.

Mai manyan tashoshin tare hanya

Saboda gina hanya ya zama wani gari na Ust-Kut, Tynda (Malkisadik zama da aka sani da "zuciya na BAM"). Taishet - yana kokarin muhimmanci tashar, batu inda fãra Baikal-Amur Mainline. Manyan kai nodes ma wuce ta hanyar Tynda, bi da biyu rassan: da Arewa (a Nerungri) da kuma Kudu (a Skovorodino), a haɗa, a cikin irin wannan hanyar da Trans railway.

The m tashar - birnin Sovetskaya Gavan, located a kan bankunan na da Tatar mashigar. Ya aka sani ga wani protracted - karkashin ruwa rami, wanda ya kamata ya gama Sakhalin da babban yankin. Har yanzu, wannan aiki ne ba a aiwatar. A Soviet Harbor zubar tashar 3, amma fasinja jiragen kasa dakatar a wani makwabtaka da yankin. Har ila yau, ga fasinja jirgin kasa don zuwa West na kasar, dole ne ka bi ta hanyar Vladivostok, to wanda za a iya isa tare da trailer mota.

Sauran jiragen kasa a yankin

Baikal-Amur Mainline hada subordinated VSZHD Siberian sashe na hanya, da kuma Far Eastern - a cikin Amur yankin da kuma Khabarovsk Abuja. Asb mayar da Trans-Siberian Railway, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa tare da iyakar kudancin na Rasha (kama - ta hanyar da Siberian kuma Far Eastern yankuna).

Da tsare-tsaren ci gaban da BAM

Babban matsalar da jirgin ya zauna da cewa, duk da fiye da shekaru 15 na sabis rai, shi ne har yanzu marasa amfani baki ɗaya. Railway waƙoƙi da wata babbar m, wanda lanci wannan hanya, lokacin da zanen halitta shi, amma shi ya ba tukuna aka aiwatar.

Babban wahala ta'allaka ne da cewa har zuwa babban adibas na ma'adanai da kuma ores ba paved hanya na saƙon. Bayan kammala yi, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da bunkasa da shugabanci, duk da haka, da farko saboda rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, sa'an nan saboda da m tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a 90 ta kuma duniya tattalin arziki da rikicin a cikin farkon 2000s, da tsare-tsaren da aka akai-akai dakatarda. A shekarar 2011, sake batun tashe ta Vladimir Putin. An shirya kara jirgin kasa gudu, iya aiki da kuma dauke da iya aiki.

Janar halaye na Baikal-Amur Mainline

A total tsawon hanya ne 4.300 km, zai fi dacewa da shi kunshi guda madaidaiciya. Railroad na hanyoyi biyu gina kawai daga Taishet zuwa Lena, kuma yana da tsawon game da 700 kilomita.

BAM Construction aka wuya ta wuya yanayin yanayi. A da yawa tashoshin zabe da za a gina a kan ƙasar permafrost, a girgizar kasa-yiwuwa yankunan. 11 gadoji da aka gina ta gudãna ƙarƙashinsu, a kan 30 km daga hanya ya wuce ta Tunnels a dutse. Tsaunuka har muhimmanci wahalad da gina layin dogo.