Basu baye ikon: ra'ayi, misalai. Known basu baye shugabannin

A tarihi, mutane tare da wani karfi nufin, ko da yake ƙãra da fiye da wasu baiwa, shata makomar sauran mutane, kasashe, duniya, kafa da kansa domin da hukunci da yawa daga cikinsu ko da bayan mutuwa har yanzu ci gaba da samun tasiri a kan zamantakewa da siyasar rayuwar .

gwamnatin iri

Idan akai la'akari da manufar "ikon" kamar yadda wani sociological category ne zuwa kashi uku daban na iko. Shi ne doka (shari'a-m), gargajiya, basu baye dalĩli. A kimiyya, suna kira manufa iri. Irin wannan rabo a lokacin da shawarar cewa shahara Jamus sociologist da kuma tarihi Max Weber. Wajibi ne a lura da cewa basu baye shugabannin sau da yawa da biyu sociological halaye: shi ne mafi yawa mutane daga periphery, da kuma wani lokacin duk da jama'a na wani jihar, da kuma kusan xari bisa dari na lokacin da suka zo ikon da doka wajen, da kuma ta hanyar usurpation ko a sakamakon na yanzu m yanayi.

Basu baye dalĩli a matsayin wani manufa irin

basu baye dalĩli a tsare Maksom Veberom matsayin daya daga cikin manufa iri. A karatunsa, sai aka ba su biya ba isa hankali zuwa ga hanyar da wannan ko cewa shugaban zama mai mulkin kuma ya kasance haka ne, yana fifita daina gudanar da bincike da dangantaka, tsakanin jama'a da shugabanni, da cewa shi ne, abin da ake kira social dalilai.

Saboda haka, Weber ƙayyade cewa gargajiya dalĩli dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa 'yan ƙasa za ta atomatik yarda da wannan tsarin ne saboda ta zama. Wannan yana nufin cewa mutane su haushi, kuma sau da yawa, na gāba da tasiri na tsarin ci gaba da kula da data kasance tsarin. A akasin wannan, da shari'a-m mulki daidai saboda ingancinta a goyon bayan 'yan ƙasa amincewa a da amincewar da gwamnatin da cewa yana da mutane da imani da adalcin irin wannan iko.

Jagoran matsayin tushen basu baye dalĩli

Basu baye dalĩli tushen kawai a kan jagorancin damar iya yin komai, kuma sau da yawa ko real ko gane ingancin ne. Weber a cikin aikinsa ba ayyana abin da ake nufi da wannan kalma. In mun gwada basu baye hali da shi ya nuna cewa shi ne shugaban da ya ke yana da allahntaka da kuma fifiko a halaye, ko a kalla kwarai damar iya yin komai, kuma damar. Saboda haka, a karkashin manufar basu baye shugabannin addini fada, amma abin tambaya shi ne ko wadannan shugabanni su ne ainihin ikon da ya rage wani bude tambaya. Babban halayyar basu baye dalĩli Weber - wanzuwar m zamantakewa rikicin, a zahiri masanin kimiyya ba la'akari da cewa shugaba ta shahararsa na iya faruwa ba tare da shi.

M masu bincike sun muhimmanci kumbura da ikon yinsa, daga irin wannan abu a matsayin "baiwa". Idan da farko manufar da aka sani kawai, hade da wani irin "kyauta daga Allah" da cewa shi ne riga a cikin ayyukansu, da bar bayan kansu gane da basu baye shugabanni, da bayani na wannan sabon abu ne ba tsare a cikin allahntaka bayyana. Ra'ayi a cikin wannan al'amari shi ne sosai daban-daban, misali, akidar Karl Marx kaddara abõkan tãrayya bayyanar irin wadannan mutane da nufin wata al'umma da cewa ya canjãwa, da kãfirtarsu da rawar da mutum da kansa. Conversely, irin wannan m basu baye shugaban, shugaban kasar Faransa Sharl De Goll, mai cikakken goyon bayan ka'idar da m rawar da hali a wani musamman lokacin da rikicin, wanda shi ne kai tsaye ya rubuta a cikin littafin "The takobi."

Halaye na da irin wannan iko

The tarin rarrabe Properties a matsayin halayyar basu baye dalĩli aka bayyana a cikin wadannan abubuwa:

1. Musamman furta sirri hali.
2. Vneistorichnost, watau shugaban sau da yawa ba ya bi wani stereotypes, dokoki da kuma ko da dokokin da cewa wanzu a baya.
3. Rarrabuwa basu baye dalĩli daga zalla m, kuma yau da kullum da matsaloli, musamman tattalin arzikin. Tare da la'akari da hanyoyin tattalin arziki al'amurran da suka shafi - sau da yawa basu baye dalĩli so ba da tattara haraji, da kuma kawar da wajen kwace, kuma expropriate su, kokarin bayar da wadannan ayyuka duba doka.

shaida

Ãyõyin basu baye dalĩli bayyananne kamar haka:

1. Jama'a rabo daga ra'ayoyi domin nan gaba nasarori da kuma shugaban support, mabiya gama da su na sirri da tsare-tsaren da kungiyar ta ayyukan.
2. Fata da kuma wani babban mataki na babbar sha'awa na magoya bayan, kowanne daga abin da aka zahiri kokarin zama da basu baye shugaban na "ƙananan domin".
3. A tsakiyar wuri a duk zamantakewa gami da aka bai wa shugaban. Saboda haka, a ji cewa shugaban ne a ko'ina da kuma daukan bangare a wani zaman taron.

Tabbatacce kuma korau al'amurran da kafa basu baye dalĩli

Halaccinta, wato, da 'yan kasa sun amince da jirgin, a can ne, da zaran wani isasshe manyan yawan mutanen da shirye ya zama mabiyan su shugaban. Babu mafi sirri nau'i na gwamnati fiye da irin basu baye dalĩli. Da ikon samu da shugaban, a irin Aura kewaye da shi, da kuma taimaka more kuma mafi yi ĩmãni da kwarewarsu, wanda, bi da bi, janyo hankalin mafi kuma mafi mabiyansa. Amma da basu baye shugaban ba zai zama irin wannan idan ta aka ba ji bukatun mutane.

Wannan Leadership ikon, basu baye da yanayi, kuma tana da muhimmanci a irin wannan yanayi, a lokacin da ake bukata a m canji ko wani m canji a cikin yanayi da cewa ba a maida shi musamman domin wannan dalili, saboda da inert-kafe al'adun gargajiya, kuma sau da yawa na dogon lokaci a Jihar stagnation. Duk da haka, shi ne quite m saboda gaskiyar cewa shugaban yana bukatar nuna consistently da iko da kuma exclusivity, sarrafa, kuma a cikin layi daya warware more kuma mafi matsaloli da kuma tare da laifin nasara. In ba haka ba, ko da daga rai guda gazawar da wani shugaban a gaban mabiyan iya rasa kyawawa, ma'anar da kuma asarar halaccinta.

Bugu da kari, irin wannan ikon ne, kamar yadda galaba da drawbacks. Don babban korau muhawara hada da cewa gwamnatin, basu baye a cikin yanayi, a lokaci guda akwai usurpation, kuma tilasta a zaben to shiga cikin da kuma shirya kusan duk kullum da kuma har ma da karami yau da kullum al'amura na jihar. Duk da haka, idan shugaban zai iya magance wadannan matsaloli, akwai wani gagarumin kyau sakamako saboda gaskiyar cewa da ikon a zahiri ya fi dacewa da mafiya yawa daga cikin jama'a sha'awa.

Halaye na basu baye shugaban

A kalla basu baye dole mallaka da dama siffofin da cewa za a iya kira na asali:

• makamashi, watau ikon "haskaka" da "recharge" makamashi na sauran mutane;
• m m bayyanar, wanda yana nuna janye, amma ba da kyau na (sau da yawa daga cikin shugabannin irin wannan da nakasassun jiki).
• wani babban mataki na 'yancin kai da fari da ra'ayin da wasu;
• m oratorical basira.
• cikakkar kuma mabuwayi amincewa a kansa kuma nasa ayyuka.

Misalan basu baye shugabannin

Basu baye shugabannin farko halin Maksom Veberom matsayin mutum addini, amma iya canza rayuwar zamantakewa. Babu shakka cewa, Yesu Almasihu da kuma Annabi Mohammed da basu baye mutane, wanda har yanzu suna da wani tasiri a kan tarihi tsari. Amma ya zama basu baye kuma da basu baye shugaban - Waɗannan su ne biyu mabanbanta abubuwa. A nan gaba, da sociologist Dzhordzh barns dan kadan gyara manufar, kuma a wannan lokacin domin waɗanda muka kasance munã kira da basu baye shugabanni, shi ne mafi dace wa wani definition - wato, "jaruntakar shugaban".

Wannan irin jaruntakar mutane sun Aleksandr Makedonsky, Genghis Khan, Lenin da Stalin, Hitler da de Gaulle. Wadannan mutane suna da sosai daban-daban damar iya yin komai ne Firayim misalai na basu baye Figures, da suke cikin mawuyacin events aka jaruntakar shugabannin. A wannan mahallin, yana da wuya suna da basu baye shugabannin manyan masana'antun, kamar Henry Ford, Endryu Karnegi da Bill Geyts, ko da yake sun lalle mallaka baiwa. Tare, wannan za a iya kara da wasu daga cikin classic misalai na basu baye (jaruntakar) shugabanni, wanda a gaskiya yana da kadan ikon, da nuna tasirin da take da mafi ta hanyar da goyon bayan magoya bayan - Jeanne ^d, Arc, Marshal Zhukov, Che Guevara. Tarihi ya sani yawa misalai a lokacin da ikon, basu baye da kuma istinbadi a general karshe ƙare tare da cikakken shan kashi na biyu da shugaba da ra'ayoyi, da kuma aiki a matsayin wani kayan aiki na lalata jihohin da reorganization na duniya domin. Wannan, ba shakka, Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, Mikhail Gorbachev.

Daga zaune basu baye shugabannin cikakken wannan ra'ayi ba tare da wani reservations za a iya dangana ne kawai ga wani mutum - Fidel Castro, wanda, ba shakka, har bayan sun Bugu da kari na ikon ne musamman m shugaban cikin mutanensa, kazalika a duniya na kafofin watsa labarun.