Bifurcation batu - wani canji a cikin kwari jihar aiki da tsarin

Modern kimiyya da kuma rare da kawai wani m adabi sau da yawa yana amfani da kalmomin nan "Hadin gwiwa", "hargitsi ka'idar" da "bifurcation aya". Wannan sabon Trend na yin amfani da populist ka'idar rikitarwa shi ne sau da yawa a madadin na ra'ayi, kuma ya kunsa, ma'anar na ma'anar. Gwada ba fasaha da kuma m, amma har yanzu kusa da kimiyya sha'awa da mai karatu zai fayyace mana ma'anar da jigon wadannan Concepts.

Kimiyya da kai-shirya tsarin

Gwiwar koyarwa, binciko alamu a hadaddun tsarin na kowane irin - shi ne a samu hada hannu. bifurcation batu kamar juyo ko lokacin selection - da key ra'ayi a ka'idar rikitarwa. Synergetic mai rikitarwa ya shafi manufar gaskiya (musayar abu, makamashi, muhalli da bayanai) na nonlinearity (kasancewar wani jam'i na hanyõyi) dissipative (sake saita wuce haddi entropy) da yayi Jihar bifurcation (zaɓa ko rikicin nufi). Synergetic ka'idar shafi dukan tsarin inda akwai daidaito da kuma zato canje-canje, gwamnatin a lokaci - nazarin halittu, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, ta jiki.

jaki Buridan

Common m - bayyana da rikitarwa sauki misalai. Classic misalai kwatanta jihar na tsarin, gabatowa da batu na bifurcation, misali ne na sanannun dabaru XIV karni Jean Buridan jaki, da uban gidansa da kuma Falsafa. Harufan matsaloli ne. Shin batun zabi - biyu daure na hay. Akwai wani bude tsarin - da jaki, wanda shi ne a daidai nesa daga biyun da haystacks. Masu lura da al'amurra - mai shi na jaki, da kuma Falsafa. Tambaya - abin da irin wani rungume na hay zabi jaki? A Buridan a cikin misalin da rana mutane uku kallon wani jaki da cewa ba zai iya yin wani zabi, muddin mai ba sa tare da wani tsibin. Kuma bãbu kõwa da ya mutu saboda yunwa.

bifurcation ra'ayi ya bi halin da ake ciki kamar cewa. A karshen misalin da aka tsallake, za mu mayar da hankali a kan halin da ake ciki na zabi tsakanin ma'auni abubuwa. A wannan gaba, wani canji na iya haifar da wani motsi zuwa ga halin da ake ciki na daya daga cikin abubuwa (misali, jaki barci, farka, ya juya ga zama kusa da daya daga cikin tara na hay). A Matsayi na jaki - wani hadadden bude tsarin. bifurcation batu - a Jihar ma'auni ass kafin shirin. Canza wuri - perturbation (shakka) na tsarin. A biyu haystacks - attractors, da jihar da tsarin zai zo bayan da nassi daga cikin bifurcation batu da kuma isa wani sabon ma'auni.

Uku da muhimman hakkokin bifurcation batu

Tsarin Status gabatowa bifurcation batu, halin da uku da muhimman hakkokin aka gyara: a karaya, zabin da ordering. Kafin bifurcation nufi da tsarin ya zauna a cikin attractor (dukiya characterizing da zaman lafiyar na tsarin). A bifurcation nufi da tsarin ne halin da hawa da sauka (disturbances, da hawa da sauka sigogi) cewa sa ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa ba zato canji a cikin tsarin da wani zabi na wani sabon attractor, ko miƙa mulki ga sabon barga jihar. Multiplicity na yiwu attractors da babbar rawar da damar bude mnogovariativnost kungiyar.

Math bayyana bifurcation batu da kuma ta wucewa bulan a hadadden tsari na bambanci lissafai tare da sa na sigogi da kuma hawa da sauka.

Unpredictable bifurcation batu

Wannan jiha na tsarin to zabi, a tsaka-tsaki, a batu na bambanta rarrabuwar na mahara zabi kuma zabin ci gaba kasa. A jinkiri tsakanin bifurcations mikakke tsarin hali ne da ake iya faɗi, kuma shi ne m da bazuwar abubuwan da alamu. Amma a bifurcation ma'ana da muhimmancin randomness zo daga kan saman, da kuma wani kankanin canji a cikin "labari" ta zama babbar a cikin "fitarwa". A bifurcation maki na tsarin hali ne unpredictable, kuma wani hatsari za ta motsa shi zuwa wani sabon attractor. Yana kamar dara wasan a ci gaba - bayan ya na da yawa zaɓuɓɓuka saboda ci gaban da events.

Tafi dama - da doki zai rasa ...

Tsaka-tsaki Road a Rasha tatsuniyoyi - wani sosai haske image tare da wani zabin da ba a sani ba, kuma da m jihar na tsarin. Yayinda muke zuwa ga bifurcation batu tsarin kamar fluctuates, kuma mafi karami shakka zai iya kai wa ga wani sabon gaba daya kungiyar zuwa oda ta hanyar shakka. Kuma a wannan lokaci to hango ko hasashen karaya ba zai yiwu ba zabi tsarin. Wannan shi ne yadda za a samu hada hannu a quite kananan haddasawa ba Yunƙurin zuwa babban sakamakon, bude m zaman lafiya na duk tsarin - daga sararin samaniya don zaɓar Buridan jaki.

A malam sakamako

da tsarin zo yi oda ta hanyar shakka, samuwar wani m duniya dogara yar alamar mai haɗari canje-canje, da misãli "da malam sakamako" da aka nuna. Meteorologist da lissafi Edward Lorenz synergist (1917-2008) aka bayyana a cikin tsarin ji na ƙwarai to kananan canje-canje. Wannan hoton da yake da shi, da cewa daya bugun jini na malam ta reshe a Iowa iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa da daban-daban matakai cewa gudu a damana a Indonesia. M image nan da nan tsince marubuta, rubuce-rubuce ba wani labari a kan multiplicity na events. Popularization na ilimi a cikin wannan yankin - shi ne sun fi mayar saboda da Hollywood darektan Eric Bress ya grossing film "The Butterfly Effect."

Bifurcations da fama

Bifurcation iya zama taushi da kuma wuya. Yana siffofi taushi bifurcations - ne kananan bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin bayan wucewa ta cikin bifurcation batu. Lokacin da attractor ne wani gagarumin bambanci a cikin wanzuwar tsarin, mu ce cewa bifurcation batu - yana da wani bala'i. A farko wajen gabatar da irin wannan ra'ayi Faransa masanin kimiyya Rene Federico Tom (1923-2002). Shi ne marubucin da kuma bala'i ka'idar kamar yadda bifurcations tsarin. Its bakwai na farko fama ne da ban sha'awa sosai sunayen: ninka taro, wutsiya tsattsewa, malam, hyperbolic, elliptic da parabolic umbilic.

aiyuka synergetics

Synergetics da bifurcation ka'idar ba haka nĩsantarwa daga rayuwar yau da kullum, kamar yadda kuma zai iya ze. A rayuwar yau da kullum da mutum ke ta bifurcation batu daruruwan sau lokacin da rana. The Pendulum na mu zabi - m ko kawai fili m - kullum talking. Kuma watakila fahimtar da matakai synergistic kungiyar na duniya za su taimake mu mu yi karin bayani zabi, ba tare da kai bala'i, kamar yadda dispensing kananan bifurcations.

Yau, mu ilmi daga cikin muhimman hakkokin sciences zo da batu na bifurcation. A samu daga duhu al'amarin da ikon sa shi domin ceton bil'adama ga zance inda wani mai haɗari canji ko samu zai iya kai mu ga wani jihar da cewa da wuya a hango ko hasashen. A halin yanzu nazari da bincike na m sarari, ka'idar "zomo ramuka" da kuma sarari-lokaci bututu iko a hannun ilmi to baba misali iyaka. Muna iya kaɗai yi imani cewa, za gaba bifurcation batu, wani bazuwar shakka ba tura bil'adama a cikin zurfin jãhilci daga babu.