Brief biography Ili Ilicha Mechnikova: tarihin rayuwar, binciken, nasarori da kuma siffofin na aiki

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich, biography (rai labarin) yana da ban sha'awa - Rasha embryologist, wani immunologist da bacteriologist. Wannan masanin kimiyyar ya gabatar mana da yawa muhimmanci binciken a kimiyya. A 1908 ya aka bayar da Nobel Prize a Physiology ko Medicine Prize. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kawai daya daga cikin mutane da yawa nasarori Ili Ilicha. Brief biography Ili Ilicha Mechnikova zai gabatar da rayuwa da kuma muhimman hakkokin binciken sanya ta wadannan masana kimiyya.

Ile Iliche ji game da biyu cikin gida da kuma waje ilmin halitta, immunology da kuma Physiology. Swordsmen aiki productively da kuma matsayin dabbobi da kuma matsayin embryologist da kuma matsayin sani akan cututtuka. Shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa juyin embryology. Bugu da kari, ya aka yaba da gano kwayuka narkewa da phagocytosis, kuma mafi. Duk wannan shi ne fiye da isa ga da yawa daga gare ku zai yi sha'awar a cikin wani taƙaitaccen biography Ili Ilicha Mechnikova.

Asalin nan gaba masanin kimiyya

An haife shi a kauyen Ivanovka (kusa da Kharkov, Ukraine) a 1845. Mahaifinsa wani hafsa na Tsarist asirin 'yan sanda sojojin Ilya Ivanovich, suka yi aiki a St. Petersburg. Kafin motsi ga Ukrainian gidan gona, wannan mutumin rasa katunan mahimmin juzu'in sadakin matarsa da iyali da dukiya. Emiliya Mechnikova (nee - Nevakhovich) mahaifiyar Ili Ilicha. Mahaifin wannan mace ya da wani m Yahudawa marubuci Lev Nevahovich. Emilia gudummawar da cewa danta, na karshe na biyar yara, ya zaɓi wani aiki masanin kimiyya.

Ilimi a lyceum da kuma Jami'ar

Brief biography Ili Ilicha Mechnikova lura da cewa daga yara yana sha'awar halitta tarihi. Future Scientist karatu lafiya a Kharkov lyceum. A cikin shekaru 16 da shekaru Mechnikov rubuta wata kasida da aka gabatar da zargi da littafi a fannin binciken kasa. Sai aka buga a cikin Moscow mujallar. Bayan kammala karatu tare da karrama daga high school (a 1862), Ilya Ilyich yanke shawarar kai har da nazarin tsarin tantanin halitta. Ya tafi ga shi a cikin University of Wurzburg. Samar da gwaggwabar riba ga yanayi, Ilya Mechnikov tafiya zuwa Jamus. Bai ma san cewa kawai bayan 6 makonni na fara aiki. Da zarar a wani bakon gari shi kadai, ba tare da sanin Jamus, Ilya yanke shawarar komawa zuwa Jami'ar Kharkov. Ya kawo Jamus translation na littafin "The Origin of Species, ta hanyar Natural Selection 'by Charles Darwin. Swordsmen, bayan karanta wannan littafin, Na zama mai taimako ga ka'idar juyin halitta.

A farko bude Mechnikov

Ilya Ilyich kammala karatunta a Kharkiv 4-shekara jami'a shakka a 2 shekaru. Riga ya saba da tsarin da ƙananan dabbobi (Sponges, tsutsotsi da kuma sauran kwaro), Ilya Mechnikov gane cewa mafi sosai raya kwayoyin, bisa ga ka'idar Darwin, a cikin tsarin da dole da wani dangantaka da kaskantattu, wadanda suke su da kakanninsu. vertebrate embryology a lokacin da aka fi kyau matukar cigaba fiye da embryology na kwaro. Ilya Mechnikov ciyar da gaba 3-shekara nazarin kadan-bincika yankin. Ya yi tafiya zuwa sassa daban daban na Turai: ziyarci game. Helgoland a Arewa Sea, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na R. Leuckart kusa Frankfurt, a Naples, inda ya yi aiki tare da Aleksandrom Kovalevskim, wani matashi Rasha dabbobi. Aikin, inda suka nuna cewa kwayar dabbobi jam yadudduka ne homologue (su tsari ne m), kamar yadda ya kamata daga related siffofin na kowa asalin, ya kawo masana kimiyya a premium KE von Baer. A wannan lokaci, Mechnikov kawai ya juya shekaru 22 da haihuwa. Saboda da manyan ƙarfin lantarki a wannan lokacin da ya fara m idanuna. Mechnikov damu da wannan malaise na karin shekaru 15. Yana cuce shi zuwa aiki tare da hange.

Doctoral karatu, laccoci, kuma halarci a cikin balaguro

Bayan kare rubutun a kan tayi cin kifi da Shellfish, wanda ya faru a 1867, ya samu doctorate Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin ya daga baya shekaru, da aka hade da Rasha babban birnin kasar, kamar yadda ya kare kansa a St. Petersburg University da kuma fara koyar da nan domin kamanta Anatomy da kuma ilmin dabbobi. 6 shekaru ya ba laccoci a cikin jami'a. Sa'an nan Ilya Mechnikov zama memba na anthropological balaguro. Tare da sauran masu bincike, ya tafi zuwa ga Caspian Sea, a cikin wurin zama na Kalmyks. Dalilin da balaguro - anthropometric ma'aunai, kyale hada da Kalmyks ga Mongoloid tseren. Mechnikov dawo a Odessa an zabe mataimakin farfesa Novorossiysk University.

Rayuwa a Odessa da kuma motsi zuwa Italiya, gano phagocytes

Odessa, located a kan Black Sea wani babban wuri don gano saitin da na marine dabbobi. Dalibai na son Ilyu Ilicha, amma girma siyasa da zamantakewa tashin a Rasha a lokacin raunana masanin kimiyya.

A 1881, bayan kisan gillar da Alexander II na, tsananta reactionary ayyuka na sabuwar gwamnatin. Murabus Mechnikov koma Italiya (Messina). A nan, kamar yadda ya tuno, tun sanya wani nasara a gudanar da bincike ayyuka. Mechnikov zama sani akan cututtuka. Abruptly canza rayuwarsa saboda da bude daga Ili Ilicha lura da larvae na tarwada. The masanin kimiyya lura cewa motile Kwayoyin halitta mai rai da kewaye kasashen waje jiki, sa'an nan sha su. A irin wannan sabon abu ne lura a cikin kumburi martani na jikin mutum. Idan kasashen waje jiki ne kananan isa, yawo sel (phagocytes Mechnikov kira su) da cikakken sha wannan sabon zuwa.

ka'idar Mechnikov

Mechnikov ya ba na farko zuwa lura da cewa farin jini Kwayoyin a jikin dabbobi ci kwayoyin da suka mamaye su da iyaka, ciki har da kwayoyin. Duk da haka, shi da aka yi imani da cewa lura sha tsari a cikin mafi yawa amfani da rarraba ta hanyar jiki na kasashen waje abubuwa ta cikin jijiyoyi. Ilya Ilyich gudanar da sauran bayani. Don abin da ke faruwa, sai ya duba ta hanyar da idanu na wani embryologist. Mobile phagocytes a tarwada larvae ba kawai sha waje abu. Sun kuma hallaka wasu kyallen takarda lokacin da jiki ba bukatar su. mutum leukocytes da phagocytes tarwada mahaifa homologue, saboda su duka biyu zo daga mesodam. Daga wannan, masana kimiyya ƙarasa da cewa, kamar phagocytes, farin jini Kwayoyin yi wani tsafta ko m aiki. Sa'an nan Ilya I. nuna yadda wadannan Kwayoyin dokar yawo a cikin m ruwa fleas.

Metchnikoff baya rubutu da cutar, a cewar wannan jarrabawa, wani yaƙi tsakanin jiki da kuma phagocytes microbes shiga daga waje. Duk da haka, a tsawon shekaru da ra'ayin Ili Ilicha ba sani da masana kimiyya. A wannan batun, in general, shi ne na hali na irin wannan shahararren Figures a matsayin Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, biography. Great masana kimiyya sau da yawa ba su yarda da kimiyya al'umma, kuma yana daukan lokaci don samun ra'ayoyi sun da suka cancanta fitarwa. A wannan yanayi, Mechnikov ko da sa'a - ya ayyuka da aka nuna godiya da kyautar da Nobel Prize, ko da yake ba nan da nan. Amma shi yakan faru ne cewa daraja ga manyan mutanen zo ne kawai bayan mutuwa.

Koma Odessa

Mechnikov a 1886 ya koma Odessa. Ya gangarawa cikin Bacteriological Institute, sabuwar shirya. A nan masanin kimiyya ne don gano da sakamako na phagocytes birai, zomaye da kuma karnuka a kan microbes cewa sa relapsing zazzabi da erysipelas. Its ma'aikata suna kuma aiki wajen samar da alluran da Anthrax da tumaki, da kaza kwalara. Mechnikov ya magance newspapermen, craves majiyai, kazalika da da na gida da likitoci, wanda zarge shi da rashin lafiya da ilimi. A 1887, Ilya Ilyich yanke shawarar barin karo na biyu da Rasha. Brief biography Ili Mechnikova an faruwa a Faransa babban birnin kasar.

Rayuwa a Paris, ci gaba nazarin phagocytes

A Paris ya gana da Lui Pasterom. Faransa masanin kimiyyar ya tambaye shi ya shugabanci sabon dakin gwaje-gwaje halitta a Pasteur Cibiyar. A lokacin na gaba shekaru 28, Mechnikov yi aiki a nan, na ci gaba da bincike da phagocytes.

Mechnikov ayyukan yi a Paris, ya yi babban taimako ga yawan muhimman hakkokin binciken game da yanayin da rigakafi da martani. Zhyul Borde, wani dalibi na Ili Ilicha ya nuna abin da rawa a cikin halakar microbes taka dace da (wani abu samu a al'ada magani). Yana sa musu mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa phagocytes.

Sauran ideas Mechnikov

Lokacin da ra'ayin na aikin da farin jini Kwayoyin da kuma muhimmancin phagocytosis ya zama fairly tartsatsi tsakanin immunologists fara samar da wasu ideas Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Sada kimiyya data a kan shi sun hada da wani yawan sha'awa facts. A takaice, ya yi jawabi matsalar da tsufa da kuma mutuwa. Mechnikov da aka buga a 1903 wani littafi a kan "orthobiosis", wato, da ikon rayuwa dama. A aikin da aka kira "Nature na Man". An ce game da muhimmancin abinci, kazalika da wajibcin ciwon jam'i rage cin abinci kiwo kayayyakin, musamman yogurt, fermented da Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Name Ilya Mechnikov kuma hade da wani m Hanyar Manufacturing yogurt. Wannan hanya ya zama kudi ne nasara, amma da wani masanin kimiyyar wani kudi domin samu ba sama.

Brief biography Ili Mechnikova alama a milestone a 1908. An sa'an nan kuma ya aiki a kan rigakafi, ya aka bayar da Nobel Prize for Medicine da kuma Physiology Prize. Its samu tare Paul Ehrlich da Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, kwayoyin. Biography Ili Ilicha ci gaba al'amura cikin rayuwa.

Personal rayuwa Mechnikov

A 1869, wani masanin kimiyya aure to Lyudmila Fedorovich, marasa lafiya da tarin fuka. The biyu da 'ya'ya. Lokacin da matarsa mutu 4 Bayan shekaru, Mechnikov yunkurin kashe kansa ta hanyar shan morphine. Duk da yake aiki a Odessa University, a 1875, sai ya sadu da Olga Belokopytova, 15-shekara dalibi, da kuma aure ta. Bayan ta kamu da typhoid zazzabi, Ilya Ilyich sake yunkurin kashe kansa, a yanzu da allura jamiái na relapsing zazzabi. Duk da haka, shi ne wuya da rashin lafiya, ya dawo dasu. Haka kuma, cutar rage mummunan zato haka halayyar wannan masanin kimiyyar, kazalika saboda ingantattun hangen nesa. A Mechnikov kuma daga na biyu matar da yara. Duk da haka, bayan da iyaye mutu Olga, Mechnikovs karfe rika uku da 'yan'uwanku mãtã, da ta' yan'uwa biyu.

A mutuwa daga cikin manyan masanin kimiyya

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov: biography, iyali ayyukan - duk da wannan, mun taƙaice sake nazari. Ya zauna kawai su ce cewa Ilya Mechnikov mutu Yuli 15, 1916 a birnin Paris, bayan jerin zuciya harin. Saboda haka, ya rayu zuwa shekaru 71,.

Saboda haka, a takaice dai biography Ili Ilicha Mechnikova gabatar da ku, a ibãdõjin na rayuwarsa da kuma mafi muhimmanci nasarori. Shin, ba ka so ka ci gaba sani da babban masanin kimiyya? Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa ya cancanci Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich. Brief biography ne a fili kasa a nazarin hali da kuma ra'ayoyi na masana kimiyya na wannan girma. Ba wai kawai a cikin kasar amma a duk faɗin duniya na da ikon Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Tarihin rayuwa da likitoci, har ma ya fi shahara, suna da wuya iya gasa da shi ga nasarori.