Carburetor - menene wannan? Ka'idar aiki, da yin amfani da

A wannan labarin, za ka koyi game da man fetur allura tsarin. Carburetor - wannan shi ne na farko inji, wanda damar zuwa gama a bukata rabbai fetur tare da iska-man fetur cakuda for shirya kuma samar da shi zuwa ga engine konewa jam'iyya. Wadannan na'urori ana amfani a baje kuma wannan rana - a kan babura, chainsaws, mowers da sauransu. Wannan kawai a cikin mota masana'antu, sun yi dogon tun aka share injector allura tsarin, mafi m da kuma nagartaccen.

Mene ne kafireta?

Carburetor - shi ne mai na'urar cewa Mixes man fetur da kuma iska, daukan sakamakon cakuda a wani ci da yawa daga cikin ciki konewa engine. Farkon carbs yi aiki kawai da barin iska gudãna daga kan surface na man fetur (a cikin akwati - fetur). Amma mafi yawansu suna daga baya rarraba a metered adadin man fetur a cikin iska rafi. Wannan iska ya wuce ta nozzles. Domin carburetor yanayin wadannan sassa yana da muhimmanci sosai.

A carburetor ya kasance da ainihin naúrar domin hadawa da man fetur da kuma iska a wani ciki konewa engine har zuwa 1980s, a lokacin da a cikin shakka game da inganci na da amfani. Lokacin da konewa na man fetur samar yawa cutarwa da kima. Duk da yake carburetors aka yi amfani a Amurka, Turai da kuma sauran kasashen da suka ci gaba har tsakiyar 1990s, suka yi aiki tare da ƙarin hadaddun kula da tsarin saduwa da bukatun ga greenhouse gas watsi.

Tarihi na ci gaba

Daban-daban na carburetors an ci gaba da mai yawan majagaba a cikin mota masana'antu, ciki har da Jamus m Karl Benz, da Austria kirkiro Siegfried Marcus, wani Turanci masanin Frederick W. Lanchester, da sauransu. Saboda haka mutane da yawa daban-daban hanyoyin da hadawa iska da kuma man fetur da aka yi amfani a cikin na farko shekaru na zama da kuma ci gaban da mota (da farko tsit fetur injuna ma amfani carburetors), shi ne quite wuya a ƙayyade daidai wanda shi ne ya kirkiro wannan nagartaccen na'urar.

iri carburetors

Farkon kayayyaki sãɓã wajũna a cikin babban aiki Hanyar. Sun kuma bambanta daga more zamani, wanda mamaye domin da yawa daga cikin karni na ashirin. Modern chainsaw carburetor ga fesa type, da kuma kamar an yi amfani da zamani motocin. The sosai farko, tarihi, saboda haka yin magana, da gina za a iya raba biyu main iri:

1. Surface-type carburetors.
2. Fesa carburetor.

Ka yi la'akari da su a cikin daki-daki, daga baya.

surface carburettors

All na farkon kayayyaki sun surface carburetor, ko da yake akwai wata babbar iri-iri a cikin wannan category. Alal misali, Zigfrid Markus gabatar da wani abu da ake kira "kadi goga-sitati" a 1888. Kuma Frederick Lanchester ɓullo da ya lagwani carburetor irin a 1897.

Da farko carburetor taso kan ruwa da aka tsara a cikin 1885 da Wilhelm Maybach da Gottlieb Daimler. Karl Benz ya jadadda mallaka taso kan ruwa-type carburetor ma game da wannan lokaci. Duk da haka, wadannan farkon kayayyaki sun surface carburetor cewa aiki ta wucewa iska a kan man fetur surface domin Mix su. Amma me ya sa muke bukatar wani carburetor engine? Ba tare da shi bai ci abinci da man fetur cakuda da konewa (injector a cikin karni na sha tara da aka bai bayyana) cell.

Mafi yawa daga cikin surface na na'urorin sarrafa ta mai sauki evaporation. Amma akwai wasu carbs, su aka sani da na'urorin da cewa aiki a kudi na "blistering" (wanda kuma ake kira tace carburetors). Sun yi aiki da tilasta da iska don motsawa sama ta kasa na jam'iyya da man fetur. Wannan results a cakuda iska da kuma man fetur a kan girma na fetur. Kuma wannan cakuda da aka baya sucked cikin ci da yawa.

Fesa carburetor

Ko da yake daban-daban surface carburettors sun rinjaye a ko'ina cikin farko shekarun da suka gabata na mota, fesa carburetor fara zauna da muhimmanci alkuki a nuna na 19-20th ƙarni. Maimakon dogaro da danshin, wadannan carburettors zahiri fesa daga metered adadin man fetur a cikin iska wanda aka sucked a cikin iska ci. Wadannan taso kan ruwa carburetors amfani (as Maybach da baya kayayyaki Benz). Amma da suka yi a kan tushen da Bernoulli manufa da kuma Venturi sakamako kamar yadda zamani na'urorin irin matsayin carburetor K-68.

Daya aerosol carburetors subtypes ne da ake kira matsin lamba carburetor. Ya fara bayyana a cikin 1940s. Ko da yake matsa lamba carburetors kama aerosol kawai externally, suka zahiri sun farkon misalai na tilasta man fetur allura na'urorin (injectors). Maimakon dogaro da venturi sakamako tsotse man fetur daga cikin masallãci, da matsa lamba na man fetur da aka fesa daga carburetor bawul ne kusan kamar yadda zamani injectors. Carburetors zama mafi hadaddun a lokacin 1980s kuma 1990s.

Mene ne "sitati"?

"Carb" - shi ne wani Turanci kalma, wanda aka samu daga carbure lokaci a Faransa - "carbide." Faransa carburer kawai yana nufin "to gama (wani abu) tare da carbon." Hakazalika, English kalmar "carburetor" a zahiri tana nufin "wani karuwa a carbon ciki."

Hakazalika, carburetor aiki K-68, wanda aka yi amfani da irin "Tula" Scooters (daga baya "Ant"), babura "Ural" da "Dnepr".

aka gyara

All iri carburetors da daban-daban aka gyara. Amma zamani na'urorin da yawan kowa halaye, ciki har da:

1. The iska nassi (venturi tube).
2. A maƙura bawul.
3. Solenoid idling.
4. Accelerating famfo.
5. jam'iyya na kafireta (primary, taso kan ruwa, da sauransu).
6. A taso inji.
7. A membrane carburetor for man fetur canja wuri.
8. A daidaitawa sukurori.

Ta yaya wani carburetor?

All iri carburetors aiki da daban-daban sunadaran. Alal misali, lagwani-type carburetors aiki, tilasta iska auku a kan surface na gas-impregnated wicks. Wannan sa danshin man fetur a cikin iska. Duk da haka lagwani irin na'urorin (da kuma sauran surface) ne aka rabu amfani da fiye da dari da suka wuce.

Mai carburetors cewa ana amfani da motocin a yau amfani da SPRAY inji. Su duka aiki da wannan hanya. Modern carburetors aiki da Venturi sakamako su kusantar da man fetur daga cikin masallãci.

A ka'idodi na carburetor

Carbs, wadda ake bisa kan Bernoulli manufa, da wasu abubuwa. Iska matsa lamba canje-canje ne ake iya faɗi kuma suna kai tsaye da dogara a kan yadda azumi shi ne motsi. Wannan yana da muhimmanci, saboda iska nassi ta hanyar da carburetor qunshi kunkuntar, ƙunci venturi. Wajibi ne a bugun sama da iska kamar yadda wuce ta wurin shi.

Airflow (ba cakuda kwarara) ta hanyar da carburetor ne sarrafawa da wani totur feda. An hade da wani maƙura bawul located in carburetor, tare da taimakon wata igiya. Wannan bawul rufe venturi lokacin da totur feda ba a amfani da, da kuma shi ma yana buɗewa a lokacin da wannan feda aka guga man. Wannan damar iska gudãna daga hanyar da venturi. Saboda haka, mafi man fetur ne kõma daga jam'iyya domin hadawa. A kan irin wannan akida, da kuma tushen aikin carburetor.

Mai carburetors da wani ƙarin bawul kan venturi (shi ne ake kira shaƙa, wanda abubuwa a matsayin na biyu maƙura). A maƙura zauna partially rufaffiyar lokacin da engine ne sanyi, wanda rage adadin iska da za su iya wuce a cikin kafireta. Wannan results a cikin wani arziki cakuda iska / man fetur rabo, don haka da maƙura da za a bude (da hannu ko ta atomatik) da zaran engine warms har da ba za su ƙara bukatar zama mai arziki cakuda.

Sauran aka gyara kafireta tsarin da ake ma aka yi nufi ga aiki a kan iska-man fetur cakuda a lokacin daban-daban aiki yanayi. Alal misali, cardinality bawul ko wani metering sanda na iya kara adadin man fetur a bude maƙura, ko da shi ya auku a mayar da martani ga low matsa lamba a cikin injin tsarin (ko da ainihin maƙura matsayi). Carburetor - shi ne mai wuya kashi da kuma jiki akai na aiki ne hadaddun.

matsaloli

Wasu matsaloli carburetors za a iya warware ta daidaitawa da iska bude yatsun, cakuda ko rago, yayin da wasu bukatar gyara ko sauyawa. Sau da yawa sawa carburetor membrane daina tsotso fetur a cikin ɗakin.

Lokacin da carburetor kasa, da engine zai yi aiki ba yadda ya kamata a karkashin wani yanayi. Wasu matsaloli kafireta tsarin kai ga gazawar da engine, shi ba zai iya kullum a idling ba tare da taimako (msl, zane ko tsotsa podgazovki m). Mafi na kowa matsaloli faruwa a lokacin sanyi kakar, a lokacin da engine ne mafi wuya ga aiki tare da. A carburetor, wanda aiki talauci ga wani sanyi engine iya aiki kullum a lõkacin da zafi (wannan shi ne saboda matsaloli da coking tashoshi).

Ya kamata a lura da cewa carburetor for motoblock a cikin abun da ke ciki shi ne guda a matsayin mota. Bambanci a cikin yawan abubuwa da kuma girmansu. A wasu lokuta, a carburetor matsala za a iya warware ta hannu daidaitawa da cakuda ko idling gudun. A saboda wannan dalili da cakuda ne kullum gyara ta hanyar juyawa daga daya ko fiye sukurori. Su gyarawa allura bawuloli. Wadannan sukurori taimaka jiki reposition da allura bawul, da kuma wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa adadin man fetur da za a iya rage (ramammu cakuda) ko ya karu (da aka wadãtar cakuda) dangane da musamman halin da ake ciki.

carburetor Gyara

Mutane da yawa matsalolin carburetor tsarin za a iya warware ta yin canje-canje ko yin wasu faci ba tare da cire na'urar daga engine. Don daidaita kafireta for motoblock, babu bukatar a cire shi. Amma wasu matsaloli za a iya warware kawai tare da kau da na'urar da cikakken ko m dawo. Farfadowa da na'ura na aiki na kafireta unshi kau da block, disassembling shi a cikin sassa, da kuma tsara, musamman tsaftacewa da sauran ƙarfi da wannan manufa.

Da dama ciki aka gyara, like da kuma sauran sassan sa'an nan shi wajibi ne don maye gurbin da kafuwa. Kawai bayan na sosai jiyya shi wajibi ne don tara da carburetor da kuma maye gurbin. Don ciyar ingancin sabis, za ka bukatar gyara kit for carburetor. Yana hada duk mafi muhimmanci zane abubuwa.

Saboda haka, mun gano cewa, da carburetor - shi ne a zahiri a na'urar da ƙara da man fetur (man fetur) a cikin iska da kuma kai cakuda a cikin engine konewa jam'iyya.