Chicxulub - bakin dutse a kan Yucatan sashin: da size, asalin, tarihi na samu

Da yawa daga cikinmu sun ji na Tunguska meteorite. A daidai wannan lokaci, 'yan mutane san game da ɗan'uwansa, auku ga Duniya a zamanin da. Chicxulub - bakin dutse kafa bayan faduwar wani meteorite miliyan 65 da suka wuce. Ya bayyanar a duniya ya haddasa tsanani sakamakon, wanda ya shafi dukkan duniya baki daya.

Ina Chicxulub bakin dutse?

An located a arewa maso yammacin yankin na Yucatan Larabawa, kazalika a kasa na Gulf of Mexico. Chicxulub bakin dutse 180 km a diamita ikirarin zama mafi girma a meteorite bakin dutse a duniya. Sashe na daga shi ne a kan kasa, da kuma bangare na biyu a karkashin ruwan Gulf.

Tarihi na samu

A gano bakin dutse da aka taragutsan. Domin shi yana da wata babbar size, sa'an nan ta zama ba a ko da tunanin. Masana kimiyya sun gano shi da hatsari a 1978 a lokacin Gulf of Geophysical Research. Research balaguro aka shirya da kamfanin "Pemex" (cikakken suna "Mexican Petroleum"). Kafin shi a wuya aiki - a sami mai adibas a kan kasa na bay. Geophysics Glen Penfield da kuma Antonio Camargo a nazarin da farko samu wani stunningly tsakaitã semidesyatikilometrovuyu baka karkashin ruwa. Saboda da gravitational map, masana kimiyya sun samu ci gaba da baka a kan Yucatan Larabawa (Mexico), kusa da kauyen na Chicxulub.

Sunan na kauye fassara daga Mayan harshen kamar yadda "aljanin ticks." Wannan sunan ake dangantawa da wani mataki mai yawan kwari a cikin wannan yankin na dogon lokaci. Wannan shawara na da Yucatan Larabawa a kan taswira (gravitational) a yarda yi yawa balanci zato.

Kimiyya substantiation wata jarrabawa

Samun rufe baka sakamakon samar da wata da'irar wanda diamita ne nisan kilomita 180. Daya daga cikin masu bincike suna Penfield sau daya da shawarar cewa yana da wani tasiri bakin dutse, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin sakamakon wani meteorite tasiri.

Ka'idarsa daidai ne, wanda aka tabbatar da wasu hujjoji. Ciki da bakin dutse aka gano nauyi anomaly. Bugu da kari, masana kimiyya samfurori "tura ma'adini" da aka samu bayan ya maƙare da kwayoyin tsarin, da kuma idon yayi kamar gilashi tektites. Irin kayan da za a iya kafa ne kawai a karkashin matsananci matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki. Abin da Chikskulub - bakin dutse, wanda ya yi daidai da shi a duniya, shi ne ba a cikin shakka, amma da ake bukata ba gardama shaida ga tabbatar da balanci zato. Kuma suka da aka samu.

Kimiyance tabbatar da jarrabawa nasara Farfesa, Ma'aikatar Jami'ar Calgary Hildebrant a 1980 godiya ga nazarin da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na kankara da kuma ƙasa cikakken tauraron dan adam hasashe Larabawa.

A sakamakon meteorite

An yi imani da cewa Chiksulub - bakin dutse kafa a lokacin da meteorite wanda diamita ba kasa da goma kilomita. Lissafi masana kimiyya ya nuna cewa meteorite aka motsi a wani kadan kwana daga kudu maso gabashin. Ya gudu ya kilomita 30 da biyu.

Fada sararin cosmic jiki don Duniya ya faru kamar miliyan 65 da suka wuce. Masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar cewa wannan taron ya faru kawai a nuna paleogona kuma Cretaceous. A sakamakon sun catastrophic tasiri da kuma yana da mafi girma da tasiri a kan kara ci gaba da rayuwa a duniya. A sakamakon da karo na wani meteorite da ƙasa ta surface kafa mafi girma a bakin dutse a duniya.

A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da tasiri da damar wucewa da dama sau miliyan ikon da atomic bam kika aika a Hiroshima. A sakamakon tasirin kafa mafi girma a bakin dutse a duniya, kewaye da kunya, da tsawo daga abin da yake da dama dubu mita. Amma nan da nan da kunya rushe saboda girgizar asa da kuma sauran ma'aunan kasa rikirkida tsokane ta meteorite tasiri. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da tsunami ya fara daga wuya. Mai yiwuwa tsawo daga taguwar ruwa ne 50-100 mita. Waves tafi zuwa ga nahiyar, Tanã darkake kõwane abu a cikin hanyar.

Global sanyaya na duniya

A buga kalaman tafi kusa da 'yan sau kewaye da dukan Duniya. Tare da wani babban zazzabi, shi sa mai tsanani da gobarar daji. A yankuna daban-daban na duniya tsananta volcanism da sauran tectonic tafiyar matakai. The yawa volcanoes da kuma kona manyan gandun daji yankunan sun kai ga cewa wata babbar adadin gas saki a cikin yanayi, ƙura, ash, da toka. Yana da wuya a kwatanta da shi, amma tashe barbashi kira da aiwatar da volcanic hunturu. Yana ta'allaka ne da cewa, mafi yawan makamashin hasken rana nuna da yanayi, sakamakon duniya da sanyaya auku.

Kamar sauyin yanayi, tare da sauran kabari sakamakon yajin yana da yankunan da tasiri a kan duniya na zaune duniyar tamu. Tsire-tsire ba da isasshen haske ga photosynthesis, sakamakon wani karu a oxygen yanayi. The bacewar mai girma ɓangare na Duniya ta ƙasar cover ya haddasa mutuwar dabbobi, wanda ba su da isasshen abinci. Yana da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru ya kai ga nau'i nau'i na dinosaur.

A nau'i nau'i a iyaka da Cretaceous da Paleogene

A fall na meteorite a halin yanzu ya dauki mafi tursasawa dalilin dangi na duk rayuwa a cikin Cretaceous-Paleogene lokaci. Version of nau'i nau'i na abubuwa masu rai faru ko da a gaban Chicxulub (bakin dutse) da aka bude. Kuma da dalilai da ya sa aka sanyaya na sauyin yanayi zai iya kawai tsammani.

Masana kimiyya sun gano high matakan da iridium (sosai rare kashi) a sediments wanda shekaru ne game da miliyan 65 shekaru. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, high yawa daga cikin kashi da aka samu ba kawai a Yucatan, amma kuma a wasu wurare na duniya. Saboda haka, masana sun ce, mafi m, akwai wani meteor ruwan sama.

A kan iyakar da Paleogene kuma Cretaceous dinosaur mutu fita, yawo dabbobi masu rarrafe, marine dabbobi masu rarrafe da cewa ya dade da mulki a cikin wannan lokaci. Babu shakka duk kunsa da aka hallaka. A cikin rashi na manyan kadangaru ya kara da juyin halittar tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, jinsunan bambancin wanda ya karu da yawa.

A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, yana yiwuwa ya ɗauka cewa da sauran taro extinctions an tsokane ta fall na manyan meteorites. Samuwa kimomi bayar da shawarar cewa Duniya manyan basamaniyai fada sau daya a cikin wani da ɗari shekaru miliyan. Wannan yayi dace kamar zuwa wani lokaci tazara tsakanin taro extinctions.

Abin da ya faru bayan faduwar meteorite?

Abin da ya faru a duniya bayan faduwar meteorite? Kamar yadda masanin binciken burbushin halittu Deniela Durda (Research Institute of Colorado), a minti kuma hours lush da yawan duniya na duniya juya a cikin wani fatattakakkun ƙasar. Dubban mil daga hadarin site na wani meteorite shi aka gaba daya hallaka. Strike dauki rayukan fiye da uku-fourths na dukan abubuwa masu rai da kuma shuke-shuke, a duniya. A mafi mugun buga shi dinosaur, su duka sun mutu.

Na dogon lokaci mutane ba ma sane da wanzuwar bakin dutse. Amma bayan da ya samu, akwai wata bukata da bincike domin masana kimiyya sun tara mai yawa shiriritar bukata tabbaci na tambayoyi da kuma balanci zato. Idan ka duba a Yucatan Larabawa a kan taswira, yana da wuya su yi tunanin da ainihin girman da bakin dutse a ƙasa. Arewa na shi ne da nisa daga Coast da kuma 600 da mita daga cikin teku da aka rufe da laka.

A shekarar 2016, masana kimiyya ya fara hakowa a yankin na marine ɓangare na bakin dutse, to cire core samfurori. A bincike na cirewa samfurori zai zubar da haske a kan abubuwan da suka faru na dogon lokaci da suka wuce.

Events da ya faru bayan da bala'i

asteroid evaporated babbar ɓangare na duniya ta ɓawon burodi. A bisa wurin da fall na sama tashi a cikin tarkacen, duniya ya haskaka gobara da volcanic eruptions. Yana toka da ƙura rufe da hasken rana da kuma jefa duniya cikin lokaci mai tsawon hunturu duhu.

A cikin wadannan watanni turɓãya da tarkace a kife a kan ƙasa ta surface, wani m Layer rufe duniya asteroid ƙura. Yana da wannan Layer ne ga palaeontologists halarci wani jadadda lokacin a tarihin duniya.

A fannin North America to da tasiri na a meteorite wadãta lush gandun daji tare da m undergrowth ferns da kuma furanni. A sauyin yanayi a cikin waɗannan kwanaki da yawa a warmer fiye da yanzu. A sandunan, babu snow, da kuma tsuntsaye dinosaur yawonta ba kawai Alaska, amma kuma a kan Seymurovyh Islands.

A sakamakon da tasiri na a meteorite a kan ƙasa, masana kimiyya sun yi karatu, nazarin da Cretaceous-Paleogene Layer, samu a fiye da 300 wurare a duniya. Wannan ya ba da filaye da cewa, inda ya kashe rai a kusa da cibiyar da events. A gaban wani ɓangare na duniya fama da bala'in, tsunami, rashin haske da sauran effects na bala'i.

Wadanda halittu masu rai cewa bai mutu nan da nan, ya mutu daga rashin abinci da kuma ruwa, halaka su da acid ruwan sama. A mutuwa ciyayi ya kai ga mutuwa na herbivores, wanda ya sha wahala daga carnivorous hagu ba tare da ikon. All links a cikin sarkar an keta.

New zaton masana kimiyya

Kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka yi binciken burbushin a duniya zai iya tsira kawai da karami halittu (kamar raccoons, misali). Cewa suna da damar tsira a cikin wadanda yanayi. Saboda sun ci kasa, wasa da sauri, da kuma sauqin daidaita.

Burbushin bayar da shawarar cewa a Turai da kuma Amirka ta Arewa da aka fi m halin da ake ciki bayan da bala'i, fiye da a wasu wurare. Mass karewa - wannan dual tsari. Idan a daya hannun wani abu da aka rasa a cikin sauran gefe kamata wani abu yafaru. To, ka ce masana kimiyya.

Tanadi Duniya dauki lokaci mai tsawo muna. Tafi ne daruruwan, ko ma dubban shekaru kafin kunsa ake mayar. Mai yiwuwa, tekuna dauki uku shekaru miliyan mayar da al'ada rayuwa kwayoyin.

Bayan da mai tsanani gobara a cikin ƙasa ya zaunar ferns, da sauri populating da kone yankuna. Wadanda al'amarin da cewa tsere da wuta aka sanaki mosses da algae. Areas kalla shafi da devastation, zama wuraren da ake so a tsira, wasu jinsunan halittu masu rai. Daga baya da suka yada a fadin duniya. Alal misali, a cikin teku sharks sun tsira, wasu kifi, crocodiles.

Complete bacewar na dinosaur bude sabon muhalli maharibai, wanda zai iya daukar sauran halittu. A nan gaba hijirarsa na dabbobi masu shayarwa don yin dakin sa a halin yanzu yawan gaske a duniya.

New bayanai game da duniyar da ta wuce

Hakowa daga cikin most bakin dutse a duniya, dake a cikin yankin na Yucatan Larabawa, da kuma shan mafi, kuma mafi samfurori zai ba da damar masana kimiyya don samun ƙarin bayanai game da yadda bakin dutse da aka kafa, da kuma sakamakon da fall na da samuwar sabon yanayin damina. Samfurori dauka daga cikin ciki na bakin dutse, zai ba da damar masana don gane da abin da ya faru tare da Duniya bayan da karfi tasiri da kuma yadda za a kara mayar da rai. Masana kimiyya sha'awar fahimtar abin da hanyar da aka mayar da farko, wanda ya mayar da sauri zo juyin bambancin da siffofin.

Duk da cewa kashe wasu iri da kuma kwayoyin, sauran siffofin rayuwa fara yabanya sau biyu. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, wannan hoton ne wani bala'i a duniyarmu za a iya maimaita ga dukan tarihin sau da yawa. Kuma kowane lokaci halaka dukan abubuwa masu rai, da kuma a nan gaba akwai wani sabuntawa tsari. Shi ne wata ila cewa hanya na tarihi da kuma ci gaban zai zama daban-daban idan miliyan 65 da suka wuce, an asteroid zai sun auku a duniya. Masana sun kuma kada ka ware da yiwuwar cewa rayuwa a duniya da aka haife godiya ga manyan asteroid da dama.

maimakon wani epilogue

A fall na wani asteroid sa karfi hydrothermal aiki Chicxulub bakin dutse, wanda mai yiwuwa dade 100,000 shekaru. Ta iya taimaka gipermatofilam da thermophiles (wannan m single-celled kwayoyin) to bunƙasa, a cikin zafi muhallin, ya magance cikin bakin dutse. Wannan jarrabawa na masana kimiyya, ba shakka, akwai bukatar a gwada. Wannan dutse hakowa iya taimaka zubar da haske a kan al'amura masu yawa. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya da fuska har yanzu suna da yawa tambayoyi da amsoshi bukatar, nazarin Chicxulub (bakin dutse).