Culturology a matsayin kimiyya

Sanannun American masanin-Anthropology L. White samarwa to suna da sabon kimiyya, abin da ya bayyana a cikin hadaddun na al'adu - "Al'adu Nazarin". A cikin ƙayyadadden kasashen waje ba a ƙayyade shi ba a matsayin rarrabe. Masanin kimiyyar kimiyya anyi la'akari da ilimin lissafi, saboda al'adun da aka fahimta ya fi fahimtar fahimtar juna. Kusan bambancin shine batun a Rasha. A kasar mu, al'adu da karatu a matsayin kimiyya ne na game fanni na ilimi, wanda ya kafa bayanai game da tarihi, falsafa, Anthropology, Psychology, ethnography, harsuna, art tarihi, addini, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a , da kuma sauran kimiyyar.

Ɗaya daga cikin ayyuka na wannan sabon horo shi ne koya wa mutum a matakin da mutum ya samu. Kimiyyar al'adu a matsayin kimiyya na binciko tarihin zamantakewa na zamantakewa na mutane, wanda ya samo tsarinsa a cikin ka'idoji na musamman, ka'idoji, abubuwan da suka dace da ayyukan su, an tsara ta daga tsara zuwa tsara zuwa dabi'ar dabi'u da ka'ida, fassara cikin rubutun addini, falsafar, shari'a, da kuma fasaha.

Masana kimiyya sun raba wannan fannin ilimin kimiyya akan muhimmancin da amfani. Abubuwan da suka fara binciken abubuwan da suka shafi wannan ilimin ilimin, a kan ka'idojin kimiyya, tsarin ilimin falsafa, na tasowa kayan fasaha da kuma hanyoyin bincike. Na biyu, amfani da ilimin al'ada, ya bincika bangarori daban-daban (siyasa, tattalin arziki, zane-zane, addini) don manufar tsarawa, tsarawa da kuma tsara hanyoyin da suka dace. Maganin binciken bincike, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da tasiri a cikin aikin aikin ɗan adam.

Culturology a matsayin kimiyya na da nasa hanyoyin bincike. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin da aka tsara shi ne tsarin rubutattun hanyoyin da suka shafi tarihi da matsalolin kungiyoyin kabilu daban-daban a ƙarƙashin nazarin. Koma bayan tunanin hanyar da ya kamata a wadda ta gabãta daga wani tarihi. Mai bincike yayi nazarin wannan al'ada, ya kwatanta shi da wasu, ya sami alamu da bambance-bambance. Hanyar tarihin an mayar da hankalin akan nazarin tsarin abin da ke faruwa, la'akari da matakai na juyin halitta da kuma sakamakon da aka samu a cikin tsawon lokacin ci gaba. Wadannan su ne manyan hanyoyin da aka fi sani da al'ada.

A cikin wannan ilimin kimiyya akwai makarantu da dama: zamantakewa-tarihin, launin fatar-anthropological, zamantakewa, alama da sauransu.

Culturology a matsayin kimiyya ya ci gaba a Rasha, saboda aikin E.S. Margaryan a cikin biyu da rabi na karni na 20th kuma na farko da kimiyya da bincike a cikin 60-70-ies. A cikin shekarun 1980 zuwa 1990 an yarda da shi a matsayin ilimin kimiyya da ilimi.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sababbin makarantu da ka'idodi a cikin wannan kimiyya sun bayyana a Rasha: falsafar, tarihin, ka'idar, zamantakewar zamantakewa, ilmantarwa na al'ada da sauransu. Fara fara bayyana cibiyoyin kimiyya da ke nazarin abubuwan da suka dace da amfani da wannan filin. A 1992, an kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Nazarin Rukuni na Rasha. A cikin sabon karni, da wakilan sabuwar sana'a fara coalesce. Don haka, a shekara ta 2006, Kamfanin Al'adu na Kimiyya da Ilmi na Ilmin ya fara aikinsa, wanda ya hada da manyan masana kimiyya na Rasha a cikin matsayi. A mafi girma makarantu na Rasha yanzu shirya al'adu karatu, dissertation majalisarku sanya digiri na daidai fannoni. A yau akwai ci gaba mai zurfi na wannan reshe na kimiyya. Culturology a matsayin kimiyya yanzu ya tashi. Wannan shi ne saboda wasu dalilai. Saboda haka, alal misali, muhimmancin irin wannan tsarin zamantakewa kamar yadda al'adun al'adu na zamani na juyin halitta na zamani, duniya da wasu suke girma.