Degenerative cututtuka: jerin

Wannan lokaci ne m saboda mutane da yawa marasa lafiya kunne. A kasar mu, likitoci da wuya amfani da shi da kuma fitarwa data mũnãnan ayyuka a raba kungiyar. Duk da haka, a cikin duniya magani a lexicon likitoci, da kalmar "degenerative cuta" ya auku kullum. Su kungiyar hada da wadanda cututtuka waxanda suke da kullum progresses, haddasa lalacewar yi daga kyallen takarda, gabobin, su tsari. Kwayoyin suna kullum canja a degenerative cututtuka, hãlãyensu tabarbarewa.Idan, shi rinjayar da kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin. A wannan yanayin, da kalmar "degeneration" tana nufin wani kwari da kuma sauka a hankali degeneration, wani abu mafi muni.

Hereditary degenerative cututtuka

Cututtuka na wannan kungiya na sosai iri-irin asibiti, amma suna halin da irin wannan hanya. A kowane lokaci, da lafiya babba ko yaro zai iya spontaneously zama rashin lafiya bayan daukan hotuna zuwa wani precipitating dalilai, za su wahala tsakiya m tsarin da sauran tsarin da kuma gabobin. Clinical cututtuka a hankali kara, da mãsu haƙuri ko da yaushe samun muni. Ci gaban ne m. Hereditary degenerative-dystrophic cututtuka ƙarshe kai ga cewa wani mutum hasarar da yawa daga cikin muhimman ayyuka (magana, motsi, da hangen nesa, ji, shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai, da sauransu). Sau da yawa sosai, wadannan cututtuka ne m.

A sabili da hereditary degenerative cututtuka za a iya kira mahaukaci genes. Domin wannan dalili ne, shekaru bayyanuwar da cuta ne da wuya yin lissafi, shi ya dogara gene magana. The mai tsanani da cuta za a mafi furta a lokacin da suka kara pathological ãyõyi gene.

Tuni a cikin karni na 19th, neuroscientists sun bayyana irin cututtuka, amma ba su iya bayyana dalilin su bayyanar. Modern neuroscience kwayoyin halittar jini ya bude yawa biochemical lahani a cikin kwayoyin halittu da suke da alhakin ci gaban da cutar bayyanar cututtuka a cikin wannan kungiya. By hadisin, da cututtuka samun eponimnye sunan, shi ne - wani haraji ga aikin masana kimiyya suka fara bayyana cutar.

Halayyar siffofin na degenerative cututtuka

Degenerative-dystrophic cututtuka da irin wannan fasali. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Fara daga cutar kusan ganuwa, amma suna steadily ci gaba, da cewa zai iya wuce shekaru da dama.
• A farkon da wuya a gano a cikin hanyar ba za a iya gano.
• A shafi tsokoki da kuma gabobin hankali ƙaryata game da motsa jiki na ayyuka, degeneration motsa zo.
• Cututtuka na wannan kungiyar da juriya ga far, magani ne ko da yaushe hadaddun, wuya da kuma wuya tasiri. Mafi sau da yawa, shi ba ya ba da ake so sakamakon. Za ka iya rage gudu da degenerative girma, amma shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga dakatar.
• Cututtuka ne mafi kowa daga mazan mutane, tsufa, sun kasance ƙasa da na kowa daga matasa.
• cututtuka ne sau da yawa saboda kwayoyin predisposition. Cutar na iya faruwa a mutane da dama a cikin wannan iyali.

Mafi shahara daga cikin cuta

Mafi na kowa da kuma sanannun degenerative cututtuka:

• atherosclerosis;
• ciwon daji.
• rubuta 2 ciwon sukari.
• Alzheimer ta cutar.
• osteoarthritis.
• rheumatoid amosanin gabbai.
• osteoporosis.
• Parkinson ta cutar.
• mahara sclerosis.
• prostatitis.

Mafi yawan mutane siffantãwa wadannan cututtuka ga wani "m", amma ba dukan jerin. Akwai cututtuka, wasu daga abin da ba su ko da sun ji na.

Degenerative-dystrophic cututtuka na gidajen abinci

A zuciya na degenerative cuta osteoarthritis - da degeneration na articular guringuntsi, a sakamakon, bi da pathological canje-canje a cikin epiphyseal kashi.

Osteoarthritis ne ya fi kowa hadin gwiwa cutar da ke shafar 10-12% na mutanen da shekaru, yawan an kawai girma. Sau da yawa rinjayar da hip ko gwiwa gidajen abinci a maza da mata. Degenerative cututtuka - osteoarthritis kasu kashi Firamare.

Primary arthrosis dauki jimlar yawan 40% na cututtuka, da degenerative tsari fara a sakamakon m motsa jiki, tare da kaifi karuwa a jikin nauyi, shekaru da alaka da canje-canje.

Secondary amosanin gabbai wakiltar 60% na jimlar. Sau da yawa faruwa a matsayin sakamako na inji rauni, intraarticular samu karaya, a nakasar dysplasia, post-dauke da kwayar cutar hadin gwiwa cututtuka, a aseptic necrosis.

A general arthrosis kasu kashi Firamare zalla sabani, tun suna bisa wannan pathogenic dalilai wanda zai iya samun daban-daban haduwa. Mafi sau da yawa sanin abin da factor ya zama wata babbar da kuma qananan ba zai yiwu.

Bayan degenerative canje-canje, da hadin gwiwa saman a lamba ɓarna, latsa da juna. A sakamakon haka, domin a rage inji tasiri, girma osteophytes. Pathological aiwatar progresses, mafi kuma mafi maras kyau gidajen abinci, keta aikin musculo-ligamentous na'ura. Yunkuri zama iyakance kafa contracture.

Deforming coxarthrosis. deforming gonartroz

Degenerative hadin gwiwa cututtuka coxarthrosis da gonarthrosis ne quite na kowa.

Da farko wuri a cikin abin da ya faru na daukan coxarthrosis - hip iri. Haka kuma cutar take kaiwa zuwa tawaya farko da daga baya tawaya. Hanyar cuta iya sau da yawa daga 35 zuwa shekaru 40. Mata suna fama da wannan fiye da maza. Alamun bayyana a hankali, dangane da shekaru, jiki nauyi ko jiki aiki. A matakin farko da bayyanar cututtuka ba su bayyana. Wani lokaci gajiya da aka ji a lokacin da ke tsaye da kuma tafiya ko dauke da nauyi. Kamar yadda degenerative canje-canje na zafi ƙaruwa. Gaba daya bace kawai a sauran, a cikin mafarki. sabunta a wata 'yar alamar danniya. Lokacin da gudu cikin nau'i na m zafi, na iya ƙara da dare.

Osteoarthritis ne na biyu - 50% na cututtuka na gwiwa. Milder fiye da coxarthrosis. Mutane da yawa tsari ne dakatar a 1 mataki. Ko m lokuta ba safai haifar da asarar aiki iya aiki.

4 daban-daban siffofin gonarthrosis:

• Halakar ciki sassa na gwiwa hadin gwiwa.
• a primary rauni na waje sashen.
• arthrosis na patella-femoral articulations.
• asarar hadin gwiwa sassan.

osteochondrosis

Degenerative cututtuka na kashin baya: osteochondrosis, spondylosis, spondylarthritis.

Lokacin da osteochondrosis degenerative matakai fara a intervertebral fayafai a cikin nucleus din pulposus. Lokacin da spondylosis aiwatar da hannu a cikin jiki m vertebrae. Lokacin da spondyloarthrosis faruwa rauni na intervertebral gidajen abinci. Degenerative-dystrophic cututtuka na kashin baya ne mai hadarin gaske da kuma talauci daman a. A mataki na Pathology ƙaddara da aikin da morphological fasali na drive.

Mutane girmi 50 shekaru sha daga wadannan cuta a cikin 90% na lokuta. Kwanan nan da aka samu a Trend zuwa rejuvenation daga cikin kashin baya cututtuka, da suka faru ko a cikin matasa masu shekaru 17-20 shekaru. Low ciwon baya sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin mutanen da suka tsunduma a wuce kima jiki aiki.

Clinical bayyananen dogara ne a kan sarrafawa na tsanani daga cikin tsari da kuma na iya zama neurological, a tsaye, autonomic cuta.

Degenerative cututtuka na juyayi tsarin

Degenerative cututtuka na juyayi tsarin hadawa a babban rukuni. All raunuka faye hali da cutar kungiyoyin na neurons cewa kisa ga takamaiman jiki na waje da kuma na ciki dalilai. Wannan na faruwa a sakamakon keta kwayuka matakai, sau da yawa wannan ne ya sa ta kayyade lahani.

Mutane da yawa degenerative cututtuka bayyananne iyaka ko yaxuwa kwakwalwa atrophy a takamaiman microscopic Tsarin auku rage neurons. A wasu lokuta can ne kawai a tashin hankali a cikin aikin na sel, su mutuwa ba ya faruwa, cikin kwakwalwa ba ci gaba atrophy (muhimmanci tremor, idiopathic dystonia).

Mafiya yawa na degenerative cututtuka da dogon latent lokaci na ci gaba, amma ya rika m form.

Degenerative CNS cututtuka classified da na asibiti manifestations da kuma nuna hannu na wasu Tsarin daga cikin juyayi tsarin. tsaya daga:

• Cuta manifestations extrapyramidal syndromes (Huntington ta cuta, tremor, Parkinson ya cutar).
• Cututtuka exhibiting cerebellar ataxia (spinocerebellar degeneration).
• Cututtuka da raunuka na mota neurons (amyotrophic kaikaice sclerosis).
• Cututtuka tare da bayyana gigin-tsufa (sama ta cuta, Alzheimer ta cutar).

Alzheimer cuta

Neuro-degenerative cututtuka tare da bayyanar cututtuka na gigin-tsufa ne fiye da na kowa a cikin tsofaffi. Mafi na kowa ne Alzheimer ta cutar. Progresses a mutane girmi 80 shekaru. A 15% na lokuta da cutar gudanar a cikin iyalai. Yana tasowa a kan 10-15 shekaru.

Fara lalata neurons a parietal associative yankunan da bawo, da na boko da kuma frontal, da auditory, na gani kuma somatosensory yankunan zama unaffected. Bugu da kari ga bacewar neurons da muhimmanci halaye ne adibas na amyloid a na tsufa plaques kuma thickening kuma thickening na degenerating neurofibrillary Tsarin da tsira neurons su žunshi tauprotein. All tsofaffi mutane irin canje-canje faruwa a kananan yawa, amma su ne mafi pronounced a Alzheimer ta cutar. Akwai ma lokuta idan asibitin da aka kama for gigin-tsufa, amma da ya kafa plaques aka lura.

Atrophied zone ya rage jini wadata, dõmin ya kasance mai karbuwa daga cikin bacewar neurons. Da cutar ba zai iya zama wani sakamako na atherosclerosis.

Parkinson ta cuta

Parkinson ta cutar da ake kuma kira girgiza palsy. Wannan degenerative kwakwalwa cutar progresses sannu a hankali yayin da selectively rinjayar dofaminergichesikie neurons bayyana rigidity hade tare da akinesia, postural rashin zaman lafiya, da kuma tremor sauran. Hanyar da cuta ne har yanzu m. Akwai ka'idar cewa cutar ne hereditary.

Yaduwar da cuta ne m, kuma ya kai a cikin mutane bayan shekaru 65 a cikin wani rabo na 1 a cikin 100.

Bayyana cutar a hankali. A farko manifestations - rawar jiki wata gabar jiki, wani lokacin da canje-canje na Gait, stiffness. Da farko, marasa lafiya lura da zafi a cikin mayar da gabar jiki. Alamun farko guda-gefe, sa'an nan ya haɗu na biyu gefen.

Ci gaban Parkinson ta cuta

Babban bayyanuwar da cutar - wannan akinesia ko ãr, inda hakan na ƙungiyoyi. The mutum yana yiwuwa ya zama maskoobraznym (gipomimiya). Walƙiya rare, don haka mai sokin gani ɓoyayye. Friendly motsi bace (waving hannu lokacin tafiya). Tausasãwa yatsa ƙungiyoyi an keta. A haƙuri wuya musanya hali yakan daga kujera, kuma ya jũya a cikin barci. Yana monotone da muted. Matakai ana shuffling, short. Babban bayyanuwar Parkinson ta cuta - tremor na hannun, lebe, muƙamuƙi, shugaban, ya auku a sauran. Tsãwa iya dogara a kan tausaya da sauran haƙuri motsi.

A baya, saukarwa sharply iyakance motsi, batar da ikon daidaita. Mutane da yawa marasa lafiya da shafi tunanin mutum da cuta, amma kawai wasu ci gaba gigin-tsufa.

A kudi na cuta ci gaban dabam, zai iya zama shekaru masu yawa. By karshen rayuwa na haƙuri ne gaba daya gyaran, hadiya shi ne wuya, akwai wani hadarin tsammãni. A sakamakon haka, mutuwa sau da yawa yakan faru daga ciwon huhu.

Essential tremor

A degenerative cuta halin kirki tremor, ba za a rikita batun tare da Parkinson ta cutar. hannunka tremor faruwa a lokacin da motsi ko rike da shirya kai. A 60% na cutar ne hereditary, ta bayyana mafi sau da yawa a cikin shekaru 60 da shekaru. An yi imani da cewa dalilin ne contravention hyperkinesia tsakanin cerebellum da kuma kara nuclei.

Tsãwa iya aggravated da gajiya, agitation, da yin amfani da kofi, da wasu kwayoyi. Yana haka ya faru da cewa da tsãwa ta shafi "ba-ba" kai ƙungiyoyi da irin ko "eh", za a iya haɗa shi da kafafu, da harshenka, lebe, vocal igiya, akwati. A tsawon lokaci, da tsãwa ta mawadãta ƙaruwa, kuma wannan disrupts al'ada ingancin rayuwa.

Rayuwa Hasashen ba wahala daga neurological cututtuka su ne ba ya nan, basira da ayyuka aka kiyaye.