Democritus: a takaice biography da falsafa aiki

Akwai mutane da yawa mazhabobin, nazarin wanda a yau kula da masana kimiyya a zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Tuni a cikin waɗannan kwanaki (kuma tabbas kafin) mafi ilmi da mutane suka dauka game da rukunoni irin su ga hanyar duniya, da ma'anar samuwar dan'adam, dangantakar da yanayi, da kuma sauran al'amurran da suka shafi na damuwa, da kuma yanzu kamar yadda da yawa. Bukatarsa ce, karshe amsar mafi tambayoyi shirya kai da dubban shekaru da suka wuce, ba a samu, da kuma wannan ne ake iya shakkar aukuwarsa taba faruwa, amma yunkurin ne gõdewa. Daya daga cikin mafi girma da masana falsafa na zamanin d Girka, Democritus dauke. Brief biography na masanin kimiyyar miji da asali ra'ayoyin su miƙa wa masu karatu na wannan labarin.

Abin da aka sani a game Democritus?

Shekaru na rayuwa ne mai yiwuwa a shekara-shekara tsarin daga 460 (da haihuwar) 370 (mutuwa) shekaru. BC, da haifuwa - da Thracian birnin Abdera a gabashin ɓangare na zamani Girka. A lokuta da dama shafe tarihin rayuwa da shahararrun masana falsafa, jawabai da kuma wakilan makarantu, da bayanai dangane facts, duba abin da a yau shi ne ba zai yiwu. Shi ne ba togiya da Democritus, a takaice biography wanda dogara ne a kan disparate data daga kafofi da dama. An sani musamman domin da yawa tafiyarka, a lokacin da ya yi tafiya zuwa dama daga ƙasashe masu nisa, daga gare su, Iran, Babila, Misira, da Habasha da kuma India. Babu shakka gaban 'high da hankali, wani m view of ilimin kimiyya na zamani, so da dama tarbiyya da kuma wani na kowa so ba kawai ga ilimi, amma kuma ga fahimta da bayanai samu. Bugu da kari, za ka iya Azancin kammala da cewa, harkokin kimiyya, kuma da zurfin tunani zo daga mai daraja da kuma m iyali, in ba haka ba, ba zai yi suna da damar da lokaci domin irin wannan dogon tafiya da kuma tunani. Saboda haka wanda ya Democritus? Ban sha'awa facts daga ransa labarin zo mana a cikin retelling, avaricious, kuma tabbas gurbata, amma sun ce da yawa game da wannan mutumin.

Works da treatises

Rubutun asali da aka ba kiyaye su, don haka alkali ya da kimiyya abun ciki mai yiwuwa ne kawai a paraphrases kuma links, wanda daga baya marubuta sun kawo sunayensu wannan Falsafa. Democritus 'ideas a zamaninmu na da babban amfani a cikin ra'ayi na gaskiya cewa latest kimiyya ci gaba, Paradoxically, maimaita abin da aka jayayya a zamanin d Girka da cewa kwanan nan ya sa kawai wani m murmushi. Wasu tunani shi sosai kama da zamani ra'ayi game da duniya. Whole treatises sun, bisa ga Diogenes Laertius, game da bakwai dozin (wasu masu bincike sun kiyasta yawan hamsin). Zai yiwu wasu shiriritar ciki Leucippus, wanda yana dauke zama mai bin Democritus. Taqaitaccen Tarihin malaminsa, Duk da haka kullum ba a sani ba zuwa kimiyya. Ayyukan kishin wani sosai m bakan da tarbiyya, ciki har da lissafi, xa'a, ilmin taurari, kimiyyar lissafi, philology, magani, music ka'idar, dabara da kuma da dama daga Sciences, yana dauke da babban a zamanin d Hellas. A retelling tsira da ɗari uku da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa.

A ka'idar kwayoyin halitta

A atomic ka'idar Democritus ne strikingly kama da zamani ideas game da tsarin al'amarin kafa a karni na ashirin. Duk da haka, a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, wadannan na farko barbashi an dauke su da karami a cikin sararin samaniya, da kuma saboda haka basa (Saboda haka sunan), amma abin mamaki ne da ikon na zamanin d masanin wanda ya rayu kusan ashirin da biyar da ɗari shekaru da suka wuce, don samun m, a tsarin da kwayoyin da in babu kayan tushe, ba ka damar duba wannan jarrabawa empirically. Kwayoyin zarra da suke a akai bazuwar tashin cikin voids, forming da girgije, kuma Eddy constituting abu abubuwa. Su ne daban-daban (size da kuma siffar), kuma wannan ya bayyana bambance-bambance a cikin kaddarorin da abubuwa - don haka tsammani Democritus. Ban sha'awa facts, a cikin ra'ayi, za a iya kiyaye lokacin da fallasa su jiki radiation jefarwa da kwayoyin halitta.

Samun ikon fassara Mafarki?

A zamanin d Girka cike mnogobozheskaya theosophical ka'idar cewa ya gana da takamaiman mythological hali ga kowane yanki na mutum aiki. Democritus falsafa sãɓã wa jũna daga hukuma jihar akidar ta kusan cikakkiyar jari hujja. Haka kuma, masanin kimiyya damƙar debunked kafa Ganin cewa a game da gumaka, da nuna su kamance da real mutane da kuma amfani da wannan shawara a matsayin hujja daga cikin artificiality na hanyar. Duk da Olympic gumãkanku, a cikin ra'ayi, aka kawai ƙirƙira by mutane, m bayyana m yanayin da suke kewaye da duniya.

Democritus da rai

Duk da haka, akwai wani falsafa musu da damar yin tambaya: "Kuma haka shi sosai shi ne wani ikon fassara Mafarki Democritus?" Brief biography bai dauke da wani bayani game da wata tsanani rikici da arna limaman na lokaci, kuma baicin, ya gane da wanzuwar irin wannan a fili ba abu category kamar rai. Duk da haka, ta Falsafa zaton a matsayin irin na tari na kwayoyin halitta, na yawo a kusa da jiki da kuma barin shi a mutuwa ko kafin, a lokacin da sojojin hankali bar tsufa, ko jinya mutum. Wadannan kananan barbashi, a ra'ayinsa, yawo a cikin sararin samaniya har abada ne, m kuma ba su bace. Abin da ba a dokar kiyayewa al'amari? Kuma hujja da kurwa marar mutuwa ba?

ataraxia

Wannan sabon abu, da aka sani zuwa ga zamani magani a matsayin jihar hankali, bayyana a cikin cikakken tsoron sa da karfi tunanin tura, Democritus biya yawa da hankali. Bisa ga ka'idar, irin wannan ni'ima na ruhu ne da wata ãyã daga babban hikima. Don wajibi ne a yi jihãdi ga, kuma shi cimma da yawa daga aiki a kan kai-ci gaba da kuma ganin na da yawa daga cikin sharu ɗ na duniya. Ataraksicheskaya falsafar Democritus aka ci gaba a cikin nasarorin da yawa makarantu, yafi m, Stoic da Epicurean. Har muka isa Jagora, wanda aka hana ta wani bazuwar taron, ya sanar da amfani da ikon yi shiru (ba kawai magana), shi ya tabbatar da fifiko tunani a kan ilmi da kuma karfafa yarda da abinda wani mutum yana. Tare da duk wannan yana da wuya ga saba.

Abin da wani mutum yana zaton?

More kwanan nan, ta zamani, kiwon lafiya kimiyya ya sa a gaba wani sauyi ka'idar cewa tunanin mutum ne mayar da hankali ba sosai a cikin kwakwalwa kamar yadda a cikin zuciya. Yana kama idan ba ka plagiarize, sa'an nan a kalla fasara ma'anar bude Democritus, sanya shi biyu da rabi da suka wuce millennia. Ancient Greek masanin kimiyya yi imani da cewa tunanin da cibiyar na kowane daga cikin mutane da hidima a matsayin kirji da abin da yake kunshe a cikin ta.

Wa ya san abin da zai zo zamani masana kimiyya? Sun iya fi mayar overestimated postulates na falsafa makarantu na bygone ƙarni. Bayan duk, kome tasowa a karkace ...