Mene ne nasarorin da sanannen daular Karla Velikogo? Menene burin sa a gaban mai mulki?

Dubu da ɗari biyu da suka wuce, a watan Janairu, 814 th, da barin daular har abada daya daga cikin ubanninmu na Roman-Jamus, gaske al'adun Turai, kafa da farko kungiyar kasashen Turai. Frankish Yammacin Empire hada da yankin fiye da m: shi ne na zamani Faransa, Belgium, Switzerland, Holland, Italy, da manyan sassa na Jamus da kuma Spain. Amma da ya yi yaƙi da dukan ransa, ba kawai ga yankunan: duk inda fatar sojojinsa, babban rabo Kiristanci. Al'ummai Turai a kan tilas baftisma: da wuta da kuma takobi. Wannan yana da muhimmanci daga gaskiyar abin da nasarori ya zama shahararren daular Karla Velikogo.

Bridge zuwa Present

Slavic wayewa sosai keenly ji ikon da West ta samuwar, da fuskantar wani mummunan maƙiyi, da karfi, makirci da ko da nufin-spirited, idan ta bukata da yanayi. Ba kawai takobi ci Carl, amma kuma kudi, da kuma qarya, kuma da cin amana. Raba, mamaye. Slavic kabilan zub da jini profusely juna.

Don ƙarni na yaki jan a, riga ya mutu tsokani Karl. A mafi m ɓangare na Slavs ya su hallaka, wasu suka tafi gabas, da yawa assimilated da hankali suka zama Austrians, Danes, Jamus, da kuma sauran aka maye "code" da kuma zo a karkashin Roman hannuwanku. Alal misali, Dogayen sanda dauki yammacin view Kiristanci, kuma ya kasance m abokan na Slavic Rasha.

All lalle zã sha'awan wani baƙin ƙarfe nufin da kuma wani m hankali da Sarkin sarakuna Karl, amma nazari na Frankish wayewa ba zato ba tsammani ya bayyana inda ya samo asali, kuma a yau ta mãsu alãma daga Turai zuwa Gabas. A tsari ne har yanzu faruwa. Wannan shi ne saboda abin da nasarori ya zama shahararren daular Karla Velikogo (6 aji lalle ba zai iya gane yanayin da irin wannan dangantaka idan malamin zai tura kwatanci)!

tarihi baya

Dalili na Frankish Empire kafa kafin haihuwar Karla Velikogo tilasta uku mai girma shugabanninmu waɗanda suka canja dadaddun sloth a Merovingian daular. Clovis dasa statehood a ƙawance da papal coci. Karlom Martellom aka halitta da wani real, m sana'a sojojin da kuma firam a kan tushen da mulkin gargajiya tsarin na benefices (daraja sheƙarsu), da kuma yakin Poitiers, tsaya da mamayewa na Turai zuwa Musulunci ba. Pepin da Short ya zama na farko na aikin Sarkin Carolingian daular, aika da gidajen lama na karshe daga cikin Merovingian m. Saboda Pepin Roma reoriented daga Gabas (Rum) da West.

Kamar wancan ne aka aza harsashin ginin al'adun Turai - Roman-Jamus. Yana kuma ya amsa wannan tambaya na abin da nasarorin da ya shahara daular Karla Velikogo, tun da sosai samuwar al'adun Turai, ya faru daidai a zamanin mulkin Charlemagne.

sarakuna biyu

Karl ta mahaifinsa, Pepin da Short, farkon sanar da dansa zuwa tafiyad jihar harkokin, abin lura da bayyane hikimar tantance dabarun , kuma a shirye aikata abubuwa. Sun Charles ya aiki a kotun tarurruka, so da wit tafiyad diplomasiyya harkokin, ya halarci a cikin yakin na Aquitaine. Lokacin da Pepin mutu, ashirin da shida dan da aka riga tattalin kai-shugabanci. Mene ne nasarorin da sanannen daular Karla Velikogo mafi? Proper ilimi na magada, dace, ko da yake yana sosai farkon, koyan kowane da kuma abin da ake bukata domin gudanar da mulkin.

Ina da wani dan Pepin ya ba shi kadai. Kuma dũkiyarku da aka raba kusan daidai da: Karl samu Nuanon da Karlomanu - Soissons. The biyu - cike da kuma daidaita Sarkin Franks. Kamar yadda ya saba, da fraternal dangantakar ba. Ga wani sauki yarjejeniyar bukata mafi girma aiki, da kuma ga karo rasa mafi karami tsokana.

Ga makiya da wayewa jariri francs ta zama al'arshi: sabuwar nasara Aquitani tãyar da kawunansu, Saxons da kuma Britons guga man daga gabas da kuma daga yamma, da kuma daga ƙasa na zamani Italiya ya zo a hakikanin barazana - Sarkin Lombards Desiderius, Yã sanya sõyayya a mafi wannan yanki. Ga shi nan a real sojojin da kuma babbar albarkatu. Da farko ya shafi papal ƙasashe, nasara mafi Pepin da kuma bayar da ta Roma. Plus, Desiderius azumi abokai da kuma auratayya da kewaye Duke, wanda shi ma bai son ci gaban da Frankish jihar.

Karl ya aikata shi duka lokacin nuna kamar ba su lura da barazana. Ya hankali karatu su kasa, tafiya, farauta, da kyautai ga gidajen ibada, feasted. Tsakanin wadannan chores sauƙi suppressed wani boren Aquitaine. Kira wa aka yin yawo a kan Gascony da Aquitaine, amma ya flatly ƙi. Carl abar kulawa da kansa.

A halin yanzu, Desiderius dauki daga Paparoma yanki da yankin. Stephen III tearfully nemi taimako daga 'yan'uwa biyu - da kuma Carloman da Charlemagne. Amma ban sami shi. Carloman ba ya so ya yi yãƙi, amma Carl aka aure a karo na biyu. Uwarsa - Bertrada - tilasta dan ta yi watsi da tsohon matarsa Himiltrudy a matsayin jingina da zaman lafiya ya kawo daga kudu - 'yar Desiderius, desideratum. CHF matsayi a Italiya da sauri folded, da tasiri narke.

United ikon

Karl sha wahala a matsayin sosai dogon. Aika wa mahaifinsa Dezoderatu kusan gaba daya warware dangantaka tare da ɗan'uwansa, kuma ya fara shirin yaki. Duk da haka, Carloman ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu domin dukan. Karl dauki kan gado, kuma ya zama kawai rightful Sarkin Franks.

Kuma samunsa, da 772 shekara, ya fara wani lifelong babban yaki: yakin neman zabe, an mamayewa, da kewaye, danniya da makwabta, da yaki - wani mugun da'irar. A kowace shekara a cikin watan Mayu game da horar da sojoji - inda aka shirya aiki. Wani lokaci a cikin wani shekara ba su dace daya tafiya, amma biyu.

Karl da sauri ya zama wata kwamandan da kuma mai girma strategist. Mafi sau da yawa, da barazana aka gabatowa daga daban-daban kwatance, da yawa azabtar gabar hargitsi da halaka. Duk da haka, duk da nodes warware, kuma da sakamakon su da kyau kwarai. Carl sauri fahimci ainihin halin da ake ciki kuma nan da nan ya dauki mataki.

Daya daga ya bayyanar a cikin sojojin ne key zuwa nasara da kuma shuka amincewa: Karl - karkashin mita biyu tsayi, kyau jarumi, mai iko, da natsuwa - amincewa kai ga wani ba ko da sosai jarumi sojoji. Mene ne nasarorin da sanannen Empire Karla Velikogo a sakamakon, da wuya ya lissafa.

halittar an sojoji

Karl kullum a yaki, kuma shi ake bukata babba adam da kuma kudi albarkatun. Tun da albarkatun kasance mafi alhẽri - babbar ƙasa bai wa dukan kõme, har ma fiye. Amma da suka yi a ci gaba. Hadisai na da magabata - da kuma mahaifinsa, da kuma kakansa - An ci gaba a cikin nau'i na soja garambawul.

A mulkin gargajiya iyayengiji na yau da kullum da sabis increments ta ƙasar Holdings (benefice), da gaskiyar - riga ya wanzu daftarin tsarin. By domin na shekara dukan manyan gonaki - kirga da bishops - suna tare da su doki da ƙafa zuwa wurin tara mutane, riga m da kuma tsare.

Rashin lokaci wa'adi, wa'adi mai babbar lafiya, yayin da dodging - mai nisa mafi tsanani azaba. Janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da aka wuya duniya, sau da yawa suka yi jihãdi daidai annan yankunan, a cikinsa barazanar makwabta. Sai ya zama mai tasiri da kuma tsarin francs jihar kumbura, kuma Ya ƙarfafã. Saboda haka abin da nasarori ya zama shahararren daular Karla Velikogo? Grade 6 amsoshin: halittar wani real sojojin tare da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da tsarin.

The yaki tare da Lombards

Desiderius ya warai offended da fushi yawa: tsaftace duk da magoya bayan Charles a kasarsa, ya dauki kusa Carloman gudu da nema da cewa Paparoma sa kambi na daya daga cikin 'ya'yan marigayin sarki zuwa cikin Frankish kursiyin.

Amma Paparoma ya canza. Maimakon mai taushi tausasa kuma Stephen sadu da shi so Adrian. Kuma na sadu da hani, da wani lamuni da ake bukata. A maimakon haka, sai suka fara Desiderius sake yi ɓarna Papal States. Adrian rufe a Roma da kuma aika wa Charles game da barazana da Ruhu Mai Roman Katolika.

Wannan lokaci Carl ya shirya. Ga cikakken tsarkakewa daga lamiri, ya sau biyu kokarin cimma yarjejeniya tare da Desiderius, amma bai yi nasara ba. Na'am, kuma ba ya so ya, ina tsammani. A tattaunawa rurrushe. Mai tsayi kafa da aka rufe da tam lazimta. Karl ga wasu unknown dutsen hanyoyi juya dukan rundunar sojojin, jingine da kuma tafiya zuwa ga raya na abokan gaba, yaƙi Pavia, inda Desiderius bace, kuma ya dauki Verona - na biyu babban birnin kasar na mulkin da Lombards.

A Roma Karl shiga a matsayin mai nasara. Ya yi alkawari (da cheated!) Adrian sabon ikon mallakar. A halin yanzu, yaƙi ya kewaye ta Pavia aka kammala cikin nasara. Desiderius da 'yan'uwansa da aka trimmed ga gidajen lama. Karl ya zama sarki na Lombards da sõyayya da masarauta biyu a cikin daya - Frankish. Lombards daina wanzuwa. Mene ne nasarorin da sanannen daular Karla Velikogo? A takaice amsar da wuya ba. Duk yadda bad mallaka, amma tausayin mulkin gargajiya fragmentation - karshe zagaye na Turai tarihi. Kuma shi ne ma a cikin taskar facts game da abin da nasarorin da ya shahara daular Karla Velikogo.

Domin a Italiya

Duk da haka, da yaki ya ƙare tare da shan kashi na Desiderius ba. A sabuwar Roman patrician Karl aka tilasta fiye da sau daya a saka saukar tarzoma da kuma fallasa ganawarsu.

A karshe kafa zaman lafiya a Saxony, sai ya kawo wa Roma da ya matasa dan Pepin, wanda aka keɓe ga sarauta a cikin tsohon Lombards. A tsohon dokokin complied tare, a gida nobility kasance wasu gata, kuma jama'a ofishin.

Amma, ba shakka, babu bayani ne wuce ba tare da yardarka daga Karl - riga mai girma kamar yadda a Arewa da kuma Jamhuriyar Italiya, ya samu cikakken iko. Yanzu na fahimta mafi abin da nasarori ya zama shahararren daular Karla Velikogo. A takaice amsar ne - mai hikima siyasa.

Bavarian so

Da shan kashi na makwabtaka da Lombardy sosai lalace jihar Bavaria - da kuma soja, da kuma siyasa. Duke Tassilo III ya fasaha da kuma m: ba haka ba da dadewa ya halicci wani da hadin kan Bavaria da Lombards, kuma yanzu kokarin hangula babu mai Frankish sarki. Ko koma rantsuwa ba more wa ubansa Charles. Amma daga autocracy ya ba zai daina, kuma ba su kai sojojin a lokacin May taro. A m yarjejeniya kammala tare da Byzantine Empire, tare da duk Italian abokan adawar na Charles, ko da Danube hadarin - da Karla Velikogo.

Karl jimre duk wannan ba haka dogon. Bayan aikatã game da yaki a Saxony, ya jagoranci sojoji zuwa kan iyakoki na Bavaria. Tassilon fara neman kariya ta Paparoma, wanda ya amince ya zama mai shiga tsakani a cikin search for zaman lafiya. Carl miƙa wa shiga wata takamaiman sa na takardun, amma bayan Tassilona asirce bar birnin a wani wa'adi, ba su ba. Dad kuwa ya yi fushi da albarka kuma Charles a yaki.

A Bavarians, sabanin Tassilona, ga Franks bai ciyar da ƙiyayya wajen tsoron. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Bavarian sarki ya bar tare da wani tsautsayi sojojin ba zato ba tsammani. Shin, kome - Karl kawo kyautai fief rantsuwa da bar garkuwa - ko da ɗansa.

Tassilon aka yi masa hukuncin da Sejm zargin cin amanar kasa da kuma yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Carl yafe shi, har abada kurkuku a wani sufi. Tassilona matarsa, da dukan 'ya'yansa sha wahala guda ƙaddara.

Bavaria cin gashin aka soke. Kirga-gwamnonin ruwaito kai tsaye zuwa Charles. Tare da Bavaria da Franks samu cikin Slavic ƙasashe - wani matsananci da Carinthia, kana da damar yin amfani da Balkans. Saboda haka a bayansa da ƙasa. Wannan abin da nasarori ya zama shahararren daular Karla Velikogo (Tarihi, Grade 6, a tune da zamani).

Crowning wani daular

Saboda haka mu shige ta farko da shekara talatin sarautar Charles - a cikin incessant yaƙe-yaƙe, mãkirci, kuma da yawa nasarori da cewa kawo haka kasashe da dama - manya da kananan, mutane - da kuma ba sosai warlike, shi ya zama da wuya ga sarrafa duk wannan tattalin arziki, da rike da wannan suna. Sarkin Franks tunani game da na sarki kambi.

Mene ne nasarorin da sanannen daular Karla Velikogo? Answers iya bambanta, amma daya daga cikinsu - da wannan: sulhu da kuma Fusion na bambancin abubuwa a cikin nau'i na kabilan Saxons, Franks, Lombards, Frisians, Alamanov, Bavaria - cewa shi ne, haihuwa-German bottling kabilan - Slavic, Romance, kuma da yawa wasu aka gyara na Empire . Baruwan sabon suna da aka bukata: shi ne wani indisputable al'amari daga duk cikakken batutuwa, tare da la'akari da asalin, harshen, ko da bangaskiya.

Don warware wannan wuya tambaya iya kawai Roma. Yana zo game da hatsari. Paparoma Leo III na, magaji na Adrian, ya samu shiga wani mummuna labarin, kuma ya nemi taimako daga Karl kamar yadda mai girma patrician muhimmanci jama'a al'amurran da suka shafi. Da Paparoma ya ƙulla da yunkurin kisan kai. Kila dalilin da aka shigar a cikin papal kotu ma wadanda mutane domin, wanda ya girgiza daraja iyali na Adrian mutu. Leo III ya tsere daga intruders ya haye Alps, an rufe tare da Karl.

Charles tattara sojojinsa kuma nan da nan ya koma Italiya kafa akwai babban iko na sulhu. The fitina ta faru, a lokacin da Paparoma Leo III barrantar rantsuwar, kuma saransa sun ba su iya tabbatar. Hakika, wannan mataki bishops son kadan, amma bimbinin ganuwar da dakarun Karla Velikogo, 'yan kaxan mutane iya hana shi. Mene ne nasarorin da sanannen daular Karla Velikogo? A takaice amsar iya zama wannan: duniya mamayar.

Shahararren yi na sa kambi ya faru a ranar Kirsimeti Day shekaru 800 a cikin Basilica na St. Bitrus. Frankish sarki bayan kwanciya Paparoma m kambi aka zayyana Allah rawanin mai girma da kuma zaman lafiya (!) Sarkin sarakuna na Roma Karl watan Agusta. Wadannan kalmomi ana maimaita sau uku, dukan waɗanda ba a Haikali.

Kuma da dabara da kanta, da kuma ci gaba da harka, da kuma haɗuwa a cikin coci daga cikin mafi girma wakilan kamfanin gaya mana cewa shirin An kõma sama a gaba, kuma a hankali, komai disabuse kowa da Papa da kuma Carl kansa. Nan da nan ya kawo wa bai'a - kuma duk ba, ya fara tare da Paparoma. Abin da nasarori mafi shahara daular Karla Velikogo!

Wannan hanyar sake mayar da Roman Empire, wannan lokaci tare da wani Kirista coci da kuma wani ɓangare na Jamus Sarkin sarakuna a kai. Karl yi gyara mai dogon lokaci da kuma triumphantly. Ya aka binne shi a ƙasarsa ta Aachen.