Yanina Grigorevich Shkuro - Janar, SS Gruppenführer. biography

Future Cossack Janar Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich aka haife shi a Kuban kauyen Pashkovskaya iyali podesaula Gregory Fedorovich boyewa da matarsa Anastasia Andreyevna. a ranar biyu Lines, Zaporozhye iyali da asalinsu. Yaki White Skin canza sunansa a kan fata a lokacin yakin basasa.

farkon shekaru

shugaban iyali ya kasance wani shahararren Cossack, wanda aka kyau da aka sani zuwa ga sojoji da kuma Ekaterinodar. Gregory F. halarci Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1877-1878. kuma ina da yawa awards. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa dansa ya mai suna yara mafarki na wani aiki a cikin rundunar soja.

A kan wani karamin gida Andrey Alexandrov sauke karatu daga Kuban real makaranta. Sa'an nan mahaifinsa aika shi zuwa ga uku na Moscow yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps, daga abin da saurayi ya kammala karatunsa a 1907. Bayan wannan, saurayin ya koma zuwa ga babban birnin kasar da kuma shiga Higher Nikolayev sojan doki School. Zama wani jami'in Shkuro canjawa wuri zuwa 1st Yekaterinodar sojan doki rajimanti dake da sansani a Ust-Labinsk.

A yakin duniya na farko

A cikin matasa Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich sãɓã wa jũna ɓarna, hali. Wannan m yanayi sanya Cossack a lokacin daya daga cikin holidays shiga zinariya hakar gwal na balaguro da ya je Gabas ta Siberia. A Nerchinsk gundumar, ya koya game da tarzomar yakin duniya. Yana fara a gaggãwa janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a, wanda fada karkashin sana'a soja da boyewa. Generals cikin sauri kamar yadda suka iya, don haka lokacin da wani matashi leftana zo zuwa ƙasarsa ta Ekaterinodar, ya rajimanti ya tafi zuwa gaban.

Shkuro na ba ya so ya zauna a gida. Bayan wasu lallashewa ataman Babych sa suna da shi a matsayin junior jami'in a cikin 3rd rajimanti Hopersky. A farkon yaki tare da sabon mutanena su ka Shkuro nuna kanta a matsayin mai m kwamandan. A yakin Sieniawa a kan Bagalike gaban, aka kama mutane 50. Akwai wani halitta lambar yabo ta farko - cikin Order of St. Anne ta 4-th digiri.

"Wolf ɗaya da ɗari"

Domin da yawa watanni jami'in Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich (1886-1947) ya kullum a gaban. A aka yi masa rauni (a wata kafar da aka buga) na yau da kullum forays cikin bincike a watan Disamba 1915. A watan Afrilu 1916, sai ya koma zuwa ga taƙawa. A rajimanti Shkuro samu cikkaken na'ura-gun tawagar. Ya aka sake rauni (wannan lokaci a cikin ciki). Andrew G. tafi da za a bi a cikin gida da Ekaterinodar. Domin ƙarfin zuciya da kuma da yawa nasarori da ya zama esaul.

Daga baya, jami'in da ya yanke shawarar sa masa nasa partisan kungiyar. Lokacin da saman ya ba da koren haske, a Cossack tare da sabunta makamashi kafa game da shirya wani sabon haɗi. Wannan kungiyar da sauri ya zama shahararren har ma samu wani na sunan "Wolf ɗaya da ɗari" (dalilin cewa ya mai banner tare da wani hoto na wani kerkẽci ta kai). A guerrillas tare da fata sun iya kawai mafi matsananciyar kuma Cossacks. Ɗari guguwa share da Jamus da kuma Austriya rears, bayar da shawara akwai ta'addanci kuma ji ciwo tsanani lalacewa. Cossack cikin ƙaho gadoji da kuma manyan bindigogi warehouses spoiled hanya transports fasa. A Rasha sojojin musamman naúrar nan da nan ya zama almara. Babban laurels Daredevil samu Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich. "Wolf ɗaya da ɗari" dã ba su faru ba tare da makamashi da kuma himma.

1917

A cikin Fabrairu juyin juya halin da kuma abdication sarki Andrew Shkuro samu kusa Chisinau. Kamar mafiya yawa daga cikin Cossacks, ya ya da nisa daga siyasa, da na ɗan lokaci gwamnatin daukarsa da kyama da bai gane wani abu amma rantsuwar ga sarki. M zamanin tilasta masa ya yi wuya yanke shawara. Shkuro tawagar lashe Chisinau tashar jirgin da kuma kama jirgin kasa karkashin gida.

Bayan 'yan makonni da sauran riga shahara ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu, suka je Caucasus. Tare da aminci abõkan tarayya da shi na farko ya zo a Baku sa'an nan tsaya a Enzeli. Ya naúrar ya zama wani ɓangare na kungiyar soja ta Janar Nicholas Baratova. A daya hannun, da Cossacks yi yaƙi da Turks da Kurdawa, a daya bangaren kokawa da neman sauyi motsi tsakanin sojan da matuƙan. A 1917 Shkuro yi yaki a Farisa, da kuma a cikin Caucasus. Adawa da ja commissars daraja wani rauni da shi. A cikin kaka na Cossack ya kõma zuwa ga ƙasar haihuwarsa, kuma a watan Oktoba ya kuma an zabe a Kuban yankin majalisar dokokin kasar. Shkuro zama wakili daga cikin sojojin.

A farkon yakin basasa

Andrew Shkuro samu tare da rashin jituwa da labarai na zuwa ga ikon da Bolsheviks a Petrograd. Gwargwadon imaninsu Cossack zauna monarchist. Asalin rikicin ya taso har da magoya bayan na jamhuriyar. Reds wannan jami'in ya fito fili ya raina, kuma ƙi. Ba da da ewa kudancin Rasha ya zama wani wuri na kokarin nema abokan adawar na Bolsheviks, cikinsu da nan gaba janar fãtun jikinsu. yaki iyali a lokacin zauna a Kislovodsk, kuma akwai wani sananne ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu koma kungiyar na aminci kungiyar.

Yuli 7, 1918 Shkuro koro ja daga Stavropol. Don yin wannan, ba ya ko yi amfani da makami. Duk abin da ake bukata Cossack - rubuta wani ultimatum tare da barazana da hari abokan adawar a cikin wani wuri, idan ba su bar birnin. Suka gaske ya fita daga Stavropol. Duk da haka, dukan gwagwarmaya ta duk da haka ya zo. Amma riga a farko mataki na yakin basasa Shkuro ya zama daya daga cikin shugabannin na White motsi. Cikin suna ya gina tare da taimakon intransigence da adventurism a cikin gwagwarmaya da juyin juya halin.

fari Janar

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1918, godiya ga} Andreya Shkuro aka kafa 1st rajimanti Jami'an Kislovodsk. Da ewa ba bayan haka, ya tashi zuwa Ekaterinodar, inda ya gana da Kwamandan a Chief of Anton Denikin. Ya kasance m tare da Cossack arbitrariness. Duk da haka, kafin rikici tsakanin biyu Figures ba kai. Shugabannin White motsi zangar da na kowa hadari. A Denikin Shkuro ya gangarawa Caucasian sojan doki division. Nuwamba 30, ya zama wani Major General.

Yãƙi a cikin Stavropol yankin, Andrei Shkuro shirya samar da harsasai, bawo, fata takalma, zane, da kuma sauran muhimman abubuwa ga sojojin White motsi. Daga baya, duk da haka, dole ne ya motsa zuwa Kuban. A watan Fabrairu 1919, Andrew Shkuro aka nada shugaban 1st Army Corps a Caucasian gudummuwar Army. Tare da wannan samuwar, da ya yi yaƙi a kan Don Cossacks taimaka can da key zuwa gaban da da Bolsheviks. A daya daga cikin fadace-fadace a kusa stanitsa Illovayskogo ya gudanar ya karya da tawagar Nestora Mahno.

Nasara da kuma shan kashi

A ganiya da nasara Shkuro fari Andrey halarci fadace-fadace don Ekaterinoslav, Kharkov da sauran Ukrainian birane. Domin taimako ga kawance Birtaniya sojojin Yuli 2, 1919 ya aka bayar da Birtaniya Order na Bath. Wannan yakin ne a prologue hari a kan Moscow. A Satumba 17, a lokacin da Maris zuwa tsohon babban birnin kasar Shkuro Cossacks dauki Voronezh. Farin da aka gudanar a birnin a watan jiya. A karkashin harin da sojan doki Division Budyonny suka yi koma baya. Hari a kan Moscow bogged saukar ba da nisa daga so manufa.

Shkuro tare da kungiyar soja suka tattara zuwa Novorossiysk. Fitarwa daga Black Sea tashar jiragen ruwa gudanar da sauri da kuma mummunan kungiyar. Janar, kamar mutane da yawa yan'uwansu ba su da isasshen sarari a kan jirãge. Ya tafi Tuapse da Sochi koma daga Crimea.

a gudun hijira

A May 1920, Wrangel, wanda bai son Shkuro, ta salami jami'in, bayan wanda ya kasance yana gudun hijira. Ba da da ewa saurã daga fadar White motsi aka niƙa ta Bolsheviks. Dubban Cossacks gudun hijira daga ƙasarsa ta kasar. Wani zauna a Balkan kasashen, wani a Faransa.

Kamar yadda Paris gida da kuma zaba da wuya hanya. A general ya har yanzu matasa, cike da makamashi da kuma sha'anin. A zaman gudun hijira, ya tara Cossack nagartattu yi a wasannin, aiki a wani circus, kuma ko da alamar tauraro a shiru fina-finan. A farko gabatar da Kuban a filin wasa "Buffalo" a cikin unguwannin Paris tattara 20 dubu kallo. Faransa sani ba game da art na hawa, don haka da cewa kudi nasarar da nagartattu da aka bayar.

hanya mai gini

A shekarar 1931, {asar Yugoslavia, wani sabon kasa, a cikin abin da Andrew jaki fãtun jikinsu. Janar rai a cikin Balkans fara kula da lambobi tare da jerin gwanon sojojin ataman Vyacheslav Naumenko. Shkuro a ko'ina cikin interwar shekaru kasance mai aiki adadi a Cossack motsi a cikin zaman talala. Ya yi a kai a kai, na kokarin tabbatar da hadin kan Kuban, suka rasa gida da kuma mired a siyasa muhawara.

Shi ne mai tsohon janar da kuma batutuwa. Ya sanya wata yarjejeniya tare da kamfanin "Batignolles" da kuma kafa game da shirya da aiki a kan gina 90-kilometer-dogon babbar katanga, lambu Belgrade, Pancevo da Zemun daga prying Danube ambaliyar ruwa. Serbs kasance farin ciki tare da sakamakon da ba da umarnin a Cossacks gina wani layin dogo gada a cikin kudancin kasar. Shkuro sun yi aiki ba kawai Kuban, amma kuma Don mutane, Astrakhan, na uku, da kuma wasu mazauni ne na kudancin Rasha. Next zuwa teams Andrew G. aiki Cossacks wani gwarzo na yakin duniya na Viktora Zborovskogo. Wasu daga cikin gina a nan {asar Yugoslavia, hanyoyi da kuma dams ana aiki ya zuwa yanzu.

Har ila yau, Ɓoye (kamar mutane da yawa da sauran fari baƙi) bar wani tarihin, a inda ya bayyana kansa kwaikwayo na yakin basasa. Yau, cikin littafinsa "Notes na wani White partisan" ne mai ban mãmaki wasiya zamanin, taimakawa ga fahimtar yadda aka shirya da kuma shirya yaki da Bolsheviks a cikin ta Kudu na Rasha.

a tsaka-tsaki

Bayan harin da Nazi Jamus a kan Tarayyar Soviet fari baƙi aka fuskanci wata wuya zabi. Ya shan azaba da kuma Andreya Shkuro. Janar ƙi da Tarayyar Soviet, ya so ya kawar da Rasha na Bolsheviks da sauri da kuma komawa zuwa ga ƙasar haihuwarmu Kuban. Tun lokacin da yakin basasa, shekaru 20 sun wuce. Da mambobin kungiyar da suka ba matasa, amma har yanzu cike da makamashi. Amma ko da irin wannan mabiyin anti-Soviet a matsayin Denikin da kuma Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich ki goyi bayan Jamus. Amma tsohon Ataman na Don Cossacks, Peter Krasnov tafi zuwa ga rapprochement tare da uku Reich. Bãya gare shi guda zabi sanya janar fãtun jikinsu. Biography of kyaftin saboda wannan hukunci da kuma a yau ne m muhawara.

Duk da bude goyon bayan Hitler ta hadin gwiwar daga Cossacks na dogon lokaci da muka ba da da kansa sojoji. A halin da ake ciki canza kawai a 1943. A wannan lokacin, da Wehrmacht ya riga ya rasa yaki Stalingrad, kuma ya karshe kaye a dukan yaki ya zama wani al'amari lokaci. Kama a daura, da Fuehrer canza tunaninsa, kuma ya ba da tafi-gaba ga halittar Cossack sojojin da suka shiga cikin SS.

A sabis na Jamus

A shekarar 1944, Gruppenführer SS Andrew Shkuro a karon farko a lokaci mai tsawo gangarawa sojojin. Yana bayyana ga zama 15th Cossack sojan doki Corps. Dandana Janar a karshen sittin yi yaƙi da Yugoslav ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu. Ya taba komawa zuwa Rasha ta karfi da makamai. By cewa lokaci, da rabo daga cikin uku Reich ya riga wani foregone ƙarshe. Ko kafin Soviet sojojin dauki Berlin, Stalin a cikin Yalta taron ya kula da shirye-shirye tare da kawayenta game da nan gaba hadin gwiwar.

May 2 Cossacks tafi zuwa ga Austria Gabas Tyrol da mika wuya ga Birtaniya. Daga cikin su ya General fãtun jikinsu. A lokacin da 2nd yakin duniya, ya tsaya a kan manufa na anti-Soviet matsayi, wanda nufi da cewa samun a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin NKVD yi wa almajiransa alkawalin sananne mutuwa. A cewar daban-daban masana tarihi sun kiyasta cewa a cikin Cossack sansanin, akwai game da 36 da mutane dubu (20 dubu iya-bodied maza, da sauran kasance m 'yan gudun hijira).

Bayar a Lienz

May 18, 1945 Birtaniya dauki sallama na hijira. Cossacks ya mika wuya kusan dukan makamansu. Ga su, na musamman sansanonin da aka samar a cikin kusanci da Austria birnin Lienz.

Daga cikin jimlar taro watsi da 1500 sanda. A duka umurnin tsarin (ciki har da generals) a karkashin daƙarya kirã su zuwa ga wani taro, sa'an nan ware daga unguwanni. Daga cikin su ya Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich. Ban sha'awa facts ya biography gauraye da ban tausayi. Bayan shekaru na lumana rayuwa a cikin zaman talala, sai ya riƙi wata rasa dalili, amma a karshen tare da wani suna a matsayin wani accomplice na Nazis da aka bai gabobin na NKVD.

Fitina da kuma kisa

Bayan bayarwa Birtaniya tura jami'an da sauran Cossack. Waɗancan sũ ne m, kuma defenseless, kuma a sakamakon sami ikon bayar da juriya. Dukkan su sun yi kokari a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

Shkuro daidai da Petrom Krasnovym kuma da dama wasu shugabannin hadin gwiwar samu kisa. A fitina daga cikin Cossacks ya bayyananniyar. Da ake zargi da ayyukan ta'addanci da kuma 'yan gwagwarmaya da Tarayyar Soviet da aka rataye. Andrew Shkuro kashe a Moscow a kan Janairu 16, 1947. Kafin mutuwarsa, har yanzu ya iya kõmãwa zuwa ga mahaifarsa.