Derivation: misalai da

A samuwar sabuwar kalmomi - mai da muhimmanci sosai tsari. Ya ce, da harshen ba tsaya har yanzu, shi tasowa, shi ne a kan tafi. A tsari na zama wata kalma daga harshen barbashi ne sosai tsawon, saboda dako da don amfani da shi. New kalmomi suna kira neologisms. A kimiyya da cewa karatu da hanyoyi na su bayyanar - kalmar samuwar.

Kalma samuwar matsayin harshen sashe

Kowane kalmomi akwai gagarumin sassa na morpheme. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai Rasha, amma kuma dukkan sauran harsuna. Wadannan sassa ana kira da muhimmanci, domin shi da hannu a cikin samuwar sabuwar kalmomi, ba su canza a lokacin declension ko Tasrifu. Wadannan morphemes ne kari kafin kalma, suffixes da tushe. Saboda haka - da kuma hanyoyi na kalmar samuwar kalmomi laqani da kari na baya baki.

Haka kuma an da hannu a cikin tushe da kuma bayyanar da sabon kalmomi. Yawancin lokaci, shi ne alhakin da samuwar fili kalmomi, saboda muhimmai, hulda da juna, suna kafa.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne wani lokacin wuya a gano asalin abin da ya kasance da wannan ko da kalma. A wannan yanayin, yana taimaka derivation kamus. Shi ne, a cikin kowane harshe. Za ka iya kuma duba a cikin etymological, kamar yadda shi ne sau da yawa morpheme a cikin abin da kalmar da aka sau daya a kafa, Fused tare da tushen.

Kamar yadda wani misali, kalmar memory. A kan aiwatar da tarihi ci gaba, da kalmar ya rasa PA-saman akwatin, ta hanyar da ya faru. A halin yanzu, morphemic parsing mu haskaka a cikin wannan kalma kawai tushen, kafuwar kuma karshen.

Da samuwar kalmomi da suffixes

Suffixes suna tsunduma cikin bayyanar sabon kalmomi. Suna iya duka biyu da za a kara da tushe, daga wanda yake fãra (kari na baya baki Hanyar) da kuma truncated (bessufiksny, bezaffiksny Hanyar). Ka yi la'akari da misalai na kalmar-samuwar kari na baya baki.

Bari mu ga yadda da nebula aka kafa suna. Don bincika wannan derivational sarkar: Na farko, daga kalmar siffa m hazo kafa tare da kari na baya baki - N - (kari na baya baki Hanyar), kara daga kari na baya baki kalma -ost- kafa kamar yadda nebula suffixed hanya.

Bari mu bincika wani irin kalmar samuwar. Misalai na (takaice): fari - gina jiki (tushe fari - da kuma kari na baya baki - c -); jirgin - da Loader (tushe load - da kuma kari na baya baki - snip -); duniya - ƙasa (harsashin ginin duniya - da kuma kari na baya baki - yang -).

Yanzu mu kiyaye kan yadda kalmomin suna kafa bezaffiksnym hanya. Mun lura nan da nan cewa wannan sabon abu da ya faru a Rasha harshen kasa akai-akai fiye da ƙara kari na baya baki. Kamar wancan kafa musamman sunaye. Wannan hanya ne kamar haka: kari na baya baki aka yanke daga samar da sansanonin.

Ka yi la'akari da wannan misali: daga siffa zurfin clipping hanya kari na baya baki bayyana suna zurfin. Muna magana ne game bezaffiksnom hanya, saboda siffa tushe canza fille kansa.

More misalai: m - m (daga tushe na stills - suka katse wani kari na baya baki); wuce - ta miƙa mulki (daga tushen mika mulki yanke kari na baya baki - da -); gudu - run (gudu da tushe - sun yanke kari na baya baki - da -).

Derivation da kari kafin kalma

Wani Popular hanya - prefixation ko laqani. shi ya ta'allaka ne da cewa ta farko kalma prefix yana sanya akai. Ya kamata a tuna cewa a lokacin da yin amfani da wannan hanya na samar da wanda aka samu da kuma kalmar - wannan bangare na jawabin.

Ka yi la'akari da yadda derivation. Misalan su ne: Kalma-samuwar sarkar tashar - tashar - Privokzalny. Daga cikin kalma tashar kafa da kalmar suffixed hanyar tashar (halarci -n- kari na baya baki), sa'an nan da taimakon kari kafin kalma kafa pri- kalma Privokzalny platformers hanya. Tabbata biya hankali ga gaskiyar cewa kalmomi tashar da Privokzalny - manufofi.

Wani derivational sarkar: Blue - juya blue - jũya blue. A nan, daga tushe na blue kalmomi suffixed hanyar kafa fi'ili, don kunna blue, da kuma riga daga shi platformers - fi'ili juya blue.

Just kafa kalmomi: fi'ilai tafi - tafi (y prefix). fi'ilai rubuta - sake rubutawa (prefix sake). manufofi fashion - yayi (prefix hannun aljannu a ciki). sunaye kaka - kaka (prefix pra-). adverbs bar - bar (prefix HA). magana da wani - wani (koe-saman akwatin)

Platformers-kari na baya baki Hanyar

Akwai lokuta lokacin da samuwar sabuwar kalmomi ya shafi duka biyu kari na baya baki da kuma prefix. Yana platformers-suffixed kalma samuwar. Misalai za a nuna a kasa.

Bari mu Derivational sarkar: ƙasa - ƙasar. A wanda aka samu daga kalmar kafa ta wani sa-kai akwatin da - da kuma kari na baya baki - da - a haɗe a lokaci guda. Saboda haka, muna lura laqani-kari na baya baki Hanyar.

Sau da yawa da kalmomin kafa a wannan hanyar bayyana daga mai hade da wani suna da wani bigire. Misali: a gundumar - ketaren kogi. tebur - a kan tebur; boletus - a karkashin wani Birch itace. Saboda haka, prepositions amfani da lokacin da wani abu karfe kari kafin kalma.

Da samuwar fili kalmomi

Ana zargin sabon kalmomi zuwa kafuwar iya zama da hannu. Kamar haka, akwai wuya kalmomi ko slozhnosokraschennye. Bari mu binciko waxannan hanyoyi da misalai na kalmar samuwar.

Hanyar Bugu da kari

Yana iya shiga a matsayin cikakken kalma, da kuma kafuwar ko sãshen shi. Kalmomi gado mai matasai gado, roka, tebur-littafi kafa wannan hanya.

Har ila yau, Bugu da kari na sansanonin iya gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu via da a haɗa wasula. Su biyu a Rasha :. Yã, e haka akwai kalmomi kamar gandun daji-steppe, Rover, kankare.

Amma duk da haka wani Hanyar Bugu da kari - cikakken Accession da kwasfa na truncated: poldyni, zango, bango jarida.

A sabon kalmar na iya bayyana a cikin jumla, da bunkasa ko subordinating: nama da kiwo (madara da nama - coordinative), da Jamus-Rasha (Jamus da Rasha - coordinative). noma (noma - Zama karkashi), hagu-banki (hagu banki - Zama karkashi). Idan tsakanin kalmomi coordinative bond - su ne hyphenated, kuma idan subordinative - ya kamata a rubuta a matsayin daya kalma.

Wadannan su ne misalai na kalmar samuwar in Russian harshen fili kalmomi.

Slozhnosokraschennye kalmomi

Ƙarami Rasha hanya na kalmar samuwar - slozhnosokraschennye kalmomi. Sun bayyana ta ƙara syllables ko na farko haruffa daga cikin kalmomi. Bari mu binciko waxannan hanyoyi da misalai na kalmar samuwar.

Idan kalmar da ta bayyana a lokacin da ƙara na farko haruffa, to, shi ne ake kira acronym, da kuma liyafar - raguwa. Computer (lantarki kwamfuta), Theater ga matasa (matasa wasan kwaikwayo), NPP (nukiliya ikon shuka) - duk abbreviations. Ka tuna da cewa maki tsakanin haruffa ba su da bukatar sa.

Wani Hanyar kafa slozhnosokraschennyh kalmomi - Bugu da kari na syllables. Yana kalmomi kamar icebreaker (zarra, yawo), gona (farm gama), naturalists (Sun halittu), sashen kantin sayar (sashen store).

Fi'ilai irin hanyoyin da ake ba kafa, kawai sunaye da kuma manufofi.

Da samuwar kalmomi a cikin harshen Turanci

Kazalika a Rasha, akwai wani kalma samuwar in English. Misalai bincika a kasa.

Derivation da prefix: yiwu (mai yiwuwa) - inpossible (m - wani prefix a). yaki (yaki) - prewar (kafin yaki - wani prefix pre). rubuta (write) - sake rubutawa (sake rubutawa - da prefix re). Yana yiwuwa a yi wani unambiguous Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa a Turanci, da lexical ma'anar kalmar wanda aka samu aka kayyade darajar Consoles, wato, idan muka bukatar samar da wata sabuwar kalma, zabi cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo quite dace da lexical ma'anar.

Misalai kari na baya baki derivation: don ya koya (koyar) - malami (malami). A karshe kalma zo ta shiga tushen koyar - kari na baya baki - er -. free (kasancewa free) - 'yanci (' yanci) - kalmar da aka kafa ta kari na baya baki - Dom -. ikon (karfi) - iko (m) - aka kafa tare da kari na baya baki - warai -.

Derivation ta ƙara: cikin gari (gari) da aka dauka daga kayan yau da kullum saukar da (kasa) da kuma garin (garin). karkashin kasa (jirgin karkashin kasa, karkashin kasa) hade a karkashin harsãshin (a) da kuma ƙasa (duniya); haraji (wajibi free shop) - tushen wajibi (haraji) kuma free (free, free).

Akwai Turanci kalmomi kafa ta Yanke: kaka - kaka (kaka). subway - sub (jirgin karkashin kasa); lissafi - maths (ilimin lissafi).

Raguwa a Turanci ne ma da hali: unknown Flying abu (UFO) - An san ko su wanene Flying abu (UFO). e-mail (lantarki mail) - e-mail.

hira

Duka a Rasha da kuma a cikin harshen Turanci, akwai wata hanya dabam na kafa kalmomi: hira. A wannan yanayin, wani ɓangare na magana ne tuba daga daya zuwa wani.

La'akari a Rasha harshen ne da kalmar samuwar. Misalai sun hada da: daga wurin malamin siffa (dakin) a cikin malamin suna. ice cream - daga wani yankin cikin wani suna.

A Turanci: ruwan sama (ruwan sama, suna) - to ruwan sama (yayyafi, fi'ili). don amfani da (amfani da fi'ilin) - yi amfani da (amfani da wani suna). blue (blue, suna) - blue (blue, siffa).

Inflection da kuma kalmar samuwar: Mene ne bambanci?

Wajibi ne a rarrabe tsakanin inflection da kuma kalmar samuwar. Misalai bincika a kasa. Inflection - wani canji a cikin siffar da kalmar: ta yanayin, yawan, jinsi, lokaci (fi'ili). A wasu kalmomin, da wadanda ba na dindindin alamun wannan ko da gagarumin sassa na magana. Aiwatar da canza siffar magana ta hanyar da ƙarshen.

Derivation guda - shi ne da gaske da samuwar wani sabon kalma, kawai ya mallaka muhimmi morphological halaye. Sun kasance canzawa ko da siffar a cikin abin da kalmar tsaye. Bari mu bincika wani takamaiman misali: taga - da taga. Ga muna shaida canji a cikin nau'i na magana, saboda yana canja wurin ƙarewa: Maganar da aka a cikin nominative hali, kuma haka a cikin dative. Wani abu kamar wata magana da taga - sill. A wannan yanayin, mun samu wani sabon kalmar prefix hanyar: a gindin taga - Add a prefix. Bugu da kari, da taga - Maganar mara jinsi, da kuma sill - namiji. Canza akai morphological fasali.

Bari mu bincika biyu mafi bambance-bambancen karatu da fi'ilai. Farko: Georgia - sinkers. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani canji kalmomi a kan iznin, canza ƙarewa: sifili zuwa - a. bi da bi inflexion faruwa. Wani zabin ne zuwa ship - nitse. A nan, tare da taimakon kari kafin kalma - daga fi'ili imperfective kafa wani sabon, m.