Hanyoyi na kalmar samuwar in Russian

Rasha harshen - sabon abu na m, tsauri. Ya nan take ya mayar wa abin da ke faruwa a kusa da. A harshen ne kullum samar da sabon kalmomi, tsohon ideas tafi, sa'an nan za su iya komawa zuwa harshen da sabon ma'anar. Wannan ya faru, misali, kalmar taksi. Yana da ya tafi daga harshen, tare da bacewar na sana'a. Duk da haka, a lokutan perestroika, a lokacin da suka fara samar masu zaman kansu taxi, kalmar da baya a magana da harshen. Yau, a birane da yawa, don haka ya kira doka taxi direbobi.

Kamar yadda kalmomi suna kafa a Rasha harshen? derivation hanyoyin su ne daban-daban. A cikin Rasha da harshen akwai hudu main hanyoyi, kowanne daga abin da ta amintaccen ingancin da kuma siffofin.

1. The mafi m ba kawai a Rasha, amma kuma a cikin dukan Slavic harsuna yana dauke da wani morphological Hanyar. Yana shafi halittar sabon kalmomi amfani morpheme. Ciki da shi, akwai da dama iri kalma samuwar amfani morpheme. Morpheme kuma ake kira da ma'ana m naúrar na harshe kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na kalmomi da ciwon eigenvalue. Daga wannan hangen zaman gaba, da morphological Hanyar kalma samuwar ne zuwa kashi:

• Laqani lokacin sa ya biyo baya da gaba dayan tushen. (Koyaushe - har abada, kyawawan - kyakkyawa sosai, tafi - tafi, hasken - alfijir).
• Kari na baya baki. Sa tsaye bayan da tushe, kuma aka a haɗe zuwa karkashi. (Work - aiki, rubutu - rubuce-rubuce, Masaƙi - sakar gidansa, mai kyau - kyawawan).
• Laqani-suffixed hanyoyin derivation, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, wani sabon kalmar kafa ta lokaci daya da aka makala da tushe prefix da postfix. (Window - sill, rubuce-rubuce - ãyã, fall - a kaka). Da aka fi kafa kamar yadda fi'ilai (tafiya - farashin), sunaye (snow - snowdrop).
• Bessuffiksny hanya na kalmar samuwar ne cewa da kalmar "jefa" kuma karshen kari na baya baki. Mafi sau da yawa, da haka-kafa fi'ili sunaye. (Dumama - dumama, Bran - rantsar). Amma akwai wasu zažužžukan (m - kamu, baki - black).
• Bugu da kari. Kalmomi za a iya kafa ta ƙara dukan kalmomi (gado-gado mai matasai, a wayar rumfa), kalma mai tushe (albashi, dakin motsa jiki), ta hanyar haɗa da wasali (steelworker, Pathfinder), daga farko haruffa (MSU, zirga-zirga da 'yan sanda, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ga matasa, MAT).

Akwai wasu hanyoyi na kalmar samuwar.

2. A lexical-na ginin jumla. A wannan yanayin, wanda aka fi sani kalma, kamar yadda aka raba cikin homonyms (daban-daban a cikin ma'anar amma irin wannan a pronunciation ko haruffan kalma). Wannan hanya - mai daukan hankali tabbatarwa da aiwatar da harshe a matsayin sabon abu. A ilimin harsuna da kalmar canji, domin tare da daban-daban ma'ana na shubuha kalmomi rugujewa, ko su dangane da aka rasa a kan lokaci. (Boxer - dan wasa kare, ester - kuma da kalmar gas watsa shirye-shirye, amarya - wani kayan aiki, kogin amarya mace gashi, soso - aji kwaro samfurin na kumfa).

3. Morphological da syntactic, a cikin abin da kalmar "canji" na magana. (A ƈ Wannan (sifa) dakin -. Bathroom (suna), ice cream, cake.).

4. Lexical da ginin kalma, wanda damar samar da wata sabuwar kalma ta tattara abubuwa masu kyau cikin biyu "haihuwa" (sanyi, a yanzu, yanzu-yanzu).

Dukan wadannan hanyoyin na derivation halayyar Rasha da kuma Slavic harsuna, suna bauta a matsayin wani kayan aiki don kari da ƙamus. Duk da haka, ba kawai da sabuwar kafa kalmomi cika sama da lexicon.

Yana da daraja a ambaci irin wannan abu a matsayin aron daga wasu harsuna. Wannan sabon abu, a daya hannun, yana da kõme ba yi da kalma-samuwar. A daya hannun, ta hanyar yin amfani da aro sabon kalmomi (musamman a magana da harshen) sukan kafa wadannan hanyoyin na kalmar samuwar. Saboda haka akwai wani kwamfuta (daga kwamfutarka) flash drive (daga wani flash katin).

Kalma samuwar, kazalika da duk sauran yadudduka na harshe, a fili bisa al'ada. Norms aiwatuwa a kamus, littattafai, mulki littattafai.