Dukan generalissimo na duniya: jerin da hotuna

Generalissimo shine matsayi mafi girma wanda soja zai iya samun. Abinda ya bambanta shi ne cewa an ba da shi kawai ba don aikin dogon lokaci ba ko jagoranci mai kyau, amma don nasarori na musamman a gaban Motherland. Da farko, wannan sanarwa ne hali na XX karni, a lõkacin da ta samu da lakabi na mutane a zahiri raka'a kusa da duniya. Kusan dukan generalissimo an bambanta da halaye na musamman wanda ba samuwa ga kowane soja. Jerin sunayen mafi shahararrun su za muyi la'akari a cikin wannan bita.

Tarihin tarihi

An fassara kalmar nan "Generalissimo" a cikin Latin a matsayin "mafi muhimmanci a cikin sojojin." Lalle ne, a cikin tsawon lokacin kasancewar wayewar bil'adama ba a taba samun matsayi na soja ba.

A karo na farko wannan kyauta mai girma ya karu a shekarar 1569 daga Sarki Charles IX na Faransa zuwa ga ɗan'uwansa, wanda ya maye gurbinsa a bayan kursiyin kuma ya zama sanannun duniya a ƙarƙashin sunan Henry III. Duk da haka, to, shi ba maimakon lakabi ba ne, amma mai suna title. Kuma dan shekaru goma sha takwas, wanda shine Henry, ba zai iya bambanta kansa ba a wancan lokaci a fagen fama.

Bugu da ari, an ƙaddamar da wannan taken a wasu ƙasashe, sau da yawa ba tare da wani tsarin tsarin ba. A wasu lokuta, shi ne ainihin matsayi na soja, kuma a wasu - kawai take, wasu jihohi sun ƙaddamar da wannan matsayi na rayuwa, da sauransu - kawai don tsawon lokacin aikin soja. Saboda haka, ba Janar Generalimo na karshen tsakiyar zamanai an hade da sojojin ba.

Daya daga cikin shahararrun generalissimos wannan lokaci shi ne babban janar na Ruhu Mai Roman Empire, Albrecht von Wallenstein, wanda ya zama sananne a lokacin da shekaru talatin da 'War (1618 - 1648 gg.).

Kuma me game da Rasha?

A Rasha, a matsayin shugaban generalissimo an ba da umarni ga Gwamna Alexander Sergeevich Shein na farko daga Tsar Peter I a shekara ta 1696 bayan yakin neman zabe na biyu na Azov.

Sa'an nan kuma aka ba da kyautar girmamawa ga Duke Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. Gaskiya ne, ya zauna a can don 'yan watanni kadan, sa'an nan kuma an hana shi matsayi, yana cikin kunya. Ba da daɗewa ba ne babban magajin generalissimo mahaifin sarki na Rasha John VI Anton Ulrich, wato, kafin a kayar da dansa. Ya biyo baya a 1741.

Amma ya fi shahara shi daga cikin title of generalissimo a Rasha ya mafi girma soja shugaban, ya sha nanata nasara a kan Turks da kuma Faransa, Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov (1730 - 1800 gg.). Yaƙin yaƙin Italiyanci sanannensa ya ƙunshi kusan dukkan litattafai a kan aikin soja. Wataƙila, yawancin nasarar da ya samu zai zama abin kyama ga dukan generalisimo na duniya. Jerin nasarori na Suvorov yana da ban sha'awa.

Generalissimo na karni na XIX

Ƙarnin karni na sha tara ya ba da sanannun mutane waɗanda aka ba wannan suna. Kusan dukkanin Janar General na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kasance manyan kwamandojin. Banda shine sai dai Duke na Angouleme, Louis, wanda ya zama minti ashirin don ziyarci Sarkin Faransa.

Sauran sun kasance babban sakatare wanda ya nuna kansu a matsayin mai cancanta ga generalitimo na duniya. Jerin ne ya lashe kyautar Bonaparte mai nasara - Birtaniya Duke Arthur Wellesley Wellington. Bugu da} ari, an bai wa wa] annan mashawarta irin su Archduke Charles, generalistimo na Amirka Miguel Hidalgo, sarkin Charles Philippe zu Schwarzenberg, Janar na Napoleon Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, wanda ya karbi mafi girma a matsayin soja na Sarkin Sweden Carl XIV Juchan, yarima Bavarian Carl Philipp Von Verde.

Amma a Jamhuriyar Rasha, duk da yawan adadin masu rinjaye, babu wani a cikin karni na XIX da aka ba da kyautar generalissimo.

Great Generalissimo na karshe karni

A karni na ashirin ya kawo biyu manyan duniya rikici da yawa na gida yaƙe-yaƙe. Wannan ya haifar da yakin basasa da dama a duniya, inda sau da yawa shugaban jagoran ya ci gaba da kasancewa a farar hula da soja a lokaci guda. Kusan dukan Janar General na Confucius na karni na 20 ya kasance shugaban kasa. Daga cikin su akwai wasu manyan lamurra a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Tarayyar Soviet Joseph Stalin, shugaban kasar Chiang Kai-shek, mai mulkin Spain Franco Franco, shugaban kungiyar Kim Il Sung da sauransu. Bari mu dubi tarihin su, don ƙarin koyo game da abin da babban magatakarda na duniya ya rayu kuma ya aikata. An gabatar da hotuna da tarihin wadannan mutane masu ban mamaki a kasa.

Sun Yatsen - Janar Generalissimo na karni na 20

Sun Yatsen (1866 - 1925) - dan kasar, juyin juya halin da kuma shugaban kasar Jamhuriyar Sin. An ba shi wannan muhimmin mahimmanci a gaban sauran generalisimo na duniya na karni na 20.

Sun Yatsen ne wanda ya tsaya a gine-gine na jam'iyyar Kuomintang na juyin juya hali. A yayin gwagwarmaya na iko bayan juyin juya halin, wanda ya kawar da mulkin mallaka a cikin Daular Celestial, an kafa gwamnati a kudancin kasar. Sun Yat-sen ya karbi mukaminsa - Generalissimo na gwamnatin soja ta kasar Sin.

Har ya zuwa karshen rayuwarsa ya yi yaki domin haɗin ƙasa a cikin wani mulkin demokra] iyya, amma mutuwarsa a 1925 ya hana wannan shari'ar.

Chiang Kai-shek - shugaban kasar Jamhuriyar Sin

Wataƙila mafi yawan shahararrun mashaidiyar Sinanci na karni na 20 shine Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975).

Wannan babban kwamandan kuma dan siyasa a 1933 ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar Kuomintang, wanda a gaskiya yake lura da shi bayan mutuwar Sun Yat-sen. Shi ne wanda ya jaddada a farkon yakin Arewa a 1926, wanda ya ba da damar fadada iyakar Jamhuriyar Sin a lokacin yakin basasa. A 1928, Chiang Kai-shek ya zama shugaban gwamnati.

A shekarar 1931, sahun Jafananci a Manchuria ya fara, kuma a shekarar 1927 an bude wani yakin basasa, inda Chiang Kai-shek ya taka rawar gani. Sa'an nan kuma aka ba shi kyautar generalissimo. Bayan nasarar sojojin dakarun Sojan kasar Japan a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a kasar Sin, an yi yakin basasa tsakanin magoya bayan Kuomintang da 'yan gurguzu, jagorancin Mao Zedong. Chiang Kai-shek ya ci nasara a kan sojojinsa kuma ya koma Taiwan. A nan ne, Kuomintang ya kafa gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Sin. Chiang Kai-shek ya kasance shugaban kasa a wannan kasa har sai mutuwarsa a shekarar 1975.

Joseph Stalin shine shugaban kungiyar Soviet

Yusufu Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili) (1878 - 1953 gg.) - Mahimmanci na siyasa, jagoran kungiyar USSR. Ya kasance a lokacin mulkinsa cewa Soviet Union ya sami babban nasara a kan Jamusanci fascist wanda ya zo a babban farashi. Saboda haka an ba shi kyautar generalissimo. Wannan ya faru ne a karo na farko a cikin tarihin gida tun daga lokacin Suvorov.

Bayan nasarar nasarar juyin juya halin Oktoba, Stalin ya shiga cikin mafi girma jagoranci na matasa. Bayan mutuwar Lenin, ya sami nasara a cikin gwagwarmaya na iko kuma a cikin rabin rabin shekarun 1920s ya zama ainihin shugaba na Soviet Union.

Manufofin da Stalin ta bi sun jawo ra'ayoyin da yawa daga masana tarihi saboda rashin tausininsu, da kuma wani lokaci - zalunci, matsin lamba. Kuma, duk da haka, an samu sakamako mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda Hukumar ta USSR ta fito daga wata ƙasa da ci gaban tattalin arziki bayan yakin basasa ya zama babban masana'antu.

Stalin da War Warrior

Nan da nan bayan harin harin da Jamus ta kai a kan yankin na USSR, ya bayyana cewa sojojin Soviet sun kai farmakin da ba a shirya ba. Sojoji na Reich suna ci gaba da sauri, kuma dakarunmu sun koma cikin ƙasa, suna da mummunar hasara. Hukuncin da aka yi wa sojojin ba tare da shiri ba ne ya kasance da Stalin.

Amma duk da haka, a kan kudin da sojojin Red Army suka yi, ya yiwu a sake juyawa ƙungiyar War War Patriotic, don tura abokan gaba daga iyakokin kasar, sannan kuma su dauki Berlin.

Wannan, ma, ya da wani gagarumin nasara Iosifa Stalina matsayin shugaban kasa da kuma m kwamandan. Koda yake a cikin watanni na farko na yaƙin, ya gudanar da aikin kula da halin da ake ciki kuma ya zabi shawara mai kyau a cikin kungiyar tsaro. Domin wadannan ayyuka, Stalin ya ba da babbar rundunonin sojoji - generalissimo. An ba shi wannan matsayi ta hanyar shawarar Soviet Soviet na Rundunar Sojan Rasha a watan Yunin 1945. Soja daraja , ya basira a hade tare da shugabannin kasar Sin aiki, kamar yadda, lalle ne, a lokacin, da kuma sauran Generalissimo na duniya. Jerin mutanen da aka basu wannan matsayi mai girma a kasarmu an rufe shi ne kawai ta hanyar Joseph Stalin.

Francisco Franco - shugaban mulkin Spain

Francisco Franco (1892 - 1975) - daya daga cikin mafi yawan rikice-rikice a tarihin zamani. Amma, duk da haka, ayyukansa sun ba shi damar zama sananne ba tare da sauran masu jan hankali na duniya ba. Jerin abubuwan da Franco ya yi ya zama cikakke, kuma ya hada da ayyukan da aka yi amfani da shi, ba shakka, don amfanin Spain, da kuma yanke shawara mai ban sha'awa.

Kwanan duniya Caudillo, tun lokacin da ya fara samun yabo bayan ya dawo mulki, ya samu, ya kafa a 1936 a Spain wani juyin mulki na soja. Sa'an nan kuma ya karbi matsayi na Generalissimo. Bayan ya lashe yakin basasa na Republican, tare da taimakon Hitler da Jamus da fastocin Italiya, ya zama mai mulkin Spain kadai, yana kafa tsarin mulki a kasar.

Bayan yakin yakin duniya na biyu, Franco bai tsaya a kan abokansa ba, amma ya yi ƙoƙarin tsayawa takaici, wanda, kamar yadda tarihin ya nuna, ya kasance shawara mai hikima. Wannan ya ba shi damar riƙe ikon bayan 1945. A gaskiya, ya mallaki Spain har sai mutuwarsa a shekarar 1975, yana canja wurin mulki ga Sarki Juan Carlos I.

Saboda haka, a karni na ashirin, Franco yana cikin iko fiye da dukan generalissimo na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi sarauta, yana hada manyan matsayi da matsayi na soja, shekaru 36.

Kim Il Sung ne ya kafa Kwango

Kim Il Sung (1912 - 1994) - jagoran farko da kuma wanda ya kafa Kwango. Ya shafe tsawon lokaci a cikin karfin soja mafi girma a karni na 20 wanda ya fi dukkanin generalitimo na duniya - fiye da shekaru biyu.

An haifi Kim Il Sung a Korea a 1912. Rayuwarsa har yanzu tana haifar da rikice-rikice, ko da yake kusan dukkanin babban magatakarda na duniya an rufe su a asirce. Sunayen sunaye a cikin ayyukan da ya yi na juyin juya hali Kim Il Sung ya canza sau da yawa, kodayake ta haife shi Kim Song Zhu.

A shekara ta 1945, Kim Il Sung ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Koriya ta Arewa, kuma daga shekara ta gaba - shugaban sabuwar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Koriya ta Korea. A cikin shekaru 50 na yakin basasa ya tashi tare da Koriya ta Kudu, wanda Amurka ta goyi bayansa. Amma, a gaskiya, yakin bai kawo kowa wani amfani ba. Yaƙin ya ƙare ba tare da mai nasara ba.

Bayan haka, Kim Il Sung ya mai da hankali ga al'amuran gida. Mulkinsa ya haifar da kyawawan siffofi na ikon mulki da kuma al'adun hali. A shekara ta 1992, shekaru biyu kafin mutuwarsa, Kim Il Sung ya sami lambar yabo na Generalissimo.

Generalissimo: aikin tarihi

Yana da wuyar samun karfin halin tarihi na kusan dukkanin manyan mashahuran da suka mallaki matsayi mafi girma. Mafi kyawun gudunmawa ga tarihi ya kasance kusan kusan dukan generalisimo na duniya. Jerin sunayensu da nasarorin da suka samu sun ƙunshi kowane littafi na tarihi. Kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar su ta wuce ta bakin baki.

Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda daukakar aikin soja da jihohi a kanta shi ne abin tunawa ga wadanda ba su da tabbas a cikin tarihin tarihi. Sunan Suvorov, Wallenstein, Menshikov, Sun Yatsen, Stalin, Kim Il Sung da wasu shahararrun shahararru zasu kasance dukiya na tarihi.