Empiricism da rationalism a zamani falsafa

A zamanin da 17th karni ne halin da farko bourgeois juyin juya halin a Ingila da kuma Netherlands, kazalika da m canje-canje a cikin daban-daban na rayuwa cikin al'umma: siyasa, tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da kuma dangantaka sani. Kuma, ba shakka, duk wannan ya kamata a nuna a cikin falsafa tunani.

Empiricism da rationalism: abubuwan da ake bukata don ci gaba

A ci gaba da kimiyya a zamanin da aka ƙaddara ta Manufacturing samar, da girma da duniya cinikayya, kewayawa da soja al'amura. Sa'an nan da manufa mutum zuwa gani enterprising yan kasuwa da na bincike masanin kimiyya. Advanced kasashen Turai, sun yi jihãdi ga tattalin arziki da kuma soja keda daukaka, kiyaye kimiyya: samuwar kimiyya da kwalejojin, al'ummu, clubs.

Saboda haka, da kimiyya na zamani, kazalika, da kuma raya - sa'an nan ya zo aljabara, na nazari lissafi, Harsashin na game da bambanci ilimin lissafi, da dai sauransu All bincike a hade a cikin guda Hanyar -. Gwajin lissafi. Jagoranci da Trend aka da makanikai da karatu da motsi na jikinsu da kuma taka leda mai girma methodological muhimmanci a asalin, ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa na 17th karni.

A falsafa da aka daura wa zamantakewa gona, ba kawai da kimiyyar yanayin halitta, amma kuma tare da taimakon addini ganewarsu, jihar akidar. Aiyuka da masana kimiyya da kuma zuwa ga Allah mai iko dukka, da kuma "duniya dalilin" da kuma "na farko turu". Kuma rabo tsakanin idealism da kuma jari-hujja, basu yarda da theism - ba wani m zabi - "ko dai, ko da yake da shi ..." The masana falsafa yarda naturalistic hangen nesa daga cikin duniya da wanzuwar abin da ake kira transcendental hali. Saboda haka, manufar "abubuwa biyu" (da na halitta da kuma allahntaka), a wannan zamanin, kuma m tare da ramuwa fara shawara a kan ko cewa shi ne tushen gaskiya ilmi - kwarewa, ko m? Saboda haka, a cikin 17th karni, wani sabon akan falsafar da ra'ayoyi da muhimmancin wani gwaji nazari na duniya da kuma kai-da daraja na tunani.

Empiricism da rationalism: da definition Categories

Rationalism - wannan shi ne irin wannan falsafa ra'ayi, da wanda ake nufi da cewa tushe da kuma zama, da kuma ilimi - shi ne tuna.

Empiricism - shi ne irin wannan falsafa ra'ayi, wanda ke nufin cewa tushen duk ilmi ne da kwarewa. Magoya bayan wannan yunkuri yi imani da cewa hankali yana da wani ƙarfi, kuma da ikon - kawai a cikin ilmi, sakankancẽwa kwarewa. Mun bambance tsakanin wani ƙunshe empiricism, inda kwarewa da aka gabatar a matsayin sa na ra'ayoyi da majiyai, da kuma jari-hujja, inda tushen azanci shine kwarewa da aka dauka waje duniya.

Empiricism da rationalism: babban wakilan

Shahararren wakilan tsakanin rationalists kasance: Plato, Socrates, Epicurus, Democritus, Kant, Descartes, Spinoza, Baruk, Leibniz. Empirical ganewarsu goyon Frensis Bekon, Dzhon Dyui, Thomas Hobbes, Dzhon Lokk.

Empiricism da rationalism a falsafar zamani sau: matsalolin

A mafi wuya duka biyu falsafa Concepts ya matsalar yanayi da kuma asalin da ba-sensuous aka gyara na sani - ra'ayoyi da kuma bayani ga gaskiyar su undeniable gaban a abun da ke ciki na ilimi.

Yadda za a warware wannan matsala proponents na Concepts kamar rationalism da empiricism? A farko ya juya zuwa ga koyarwar abin muhimmi Properties na mu sani mu mallake shi. Mafi yawansu ya ba sensuous abubuwa akwai, bisa ga ra'ayi, da kuma fito fili daga cikin kaddarorin da tunanin mutum. Shi ne kamar yadda idan akwai matsayin mai zaman kanta duniya da kuma iya aiki da kuma ci gaba ba tare da tunani da waje duniya. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a sami wani isasshen ilimi na gaskiya, da kuma yanayi na ta bayyanar - ne da ikon cire da kuma aiwatar da yin amfani da dabaru kadai duk da ra'ayoyi da ilmi na waje duniya.

Karshe kamar yadda empirical ka'idar diametrically tsayayya wa rationalism. Saboda haka, akwai ilmin batun, ta kafofin - wani abin mamaki, da kuma sakamakon - da aiki na kayan da bayanai da sadar da hankula. Dalili, bisa ga empiricism, ba shakka, shi ne shiga a cikin aiki majiyai, amma ga ilimi ba ya ƙara wani abu sabon.