Epitaph - shi ... dutsen kabari epitaph a kan abin tunawa ga mijinki, uba, kaka

A inscriptions a kan tombstones ya zama m haraji ga matattu da 'yan'uwansu. Amma ba ko da yaushe. A zamanin d kabarin epitaph ba wani bayani na wanda aka binne shi a cikin kabari, da kuma wanda yake a cikin rayuwar matattu mutum.

Ana zargin da epitaph

Ko da yake kalmar "epitaph" yana Greek Tushen ( "epi" - a kan "tafos" - kabari), art sassaka a kan gravestones na marigayin sunan da aka sani zuwa mazaunan zamanin d Misira da kuma Babila, da kuma zamanin da Yahudawa.

Sarcophagi samu a cikin kaburbura na zamanin d Misira, kawo bayani game da sananne mutane binne shi a kansu, lokacin da na fara da kawo karshen tare da sunan da ayyukansu a rayuwa. Har ila yau, sun za a iya kira da gaskiyar abin da kuma yadda marigayin ya rasu, da kuma dauke da wani gargadi game da mutuwa daga waɗanda suka damemu da toka.

Images da kuma hieroglyphs kwarzana a kan dutse kaburbura, za a iya dangana ga manufar epitaphs, ko da yake da farko marubucin "tunawa" na Genre aka dauke su Kegosskogo Simonides, wanda immortalized da feat a cikin yaki na Helenawa da Farisa, rubuta game da wannan elegy. "Wanderer, mun kasance da sau daya yalwatacce a cikin ruwan Koranti. Amma yanzu muna da rumbunan ... Salamis. Ga mu lashe Farisa ... da kuma tsĩrar da ƙasa daga kangin Girka ... ". Da farko epitaph - jana'iza oration, wanda aka furta a cikin shekara-shekara tunawa rana sadaukar da auku heroes. A lokacin wannan jawabin, da aka jera a cikin exploits na Girkawa, wanda ya mutu domin 'yantar da su mahaifarsa.

Daga bisani, akwai wani epitaph a cikin aya, wanda aka furta tare da kowane binne a Alamar girmamawa ga marigayin da ya inconsolable dangi.

Development epitaph matsayin wallafe-wallafen Genre

A lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a Turai, godiya zuwa Kristanci, binnewa zama irin sadaukarwa, a lokacin da ran marigayin da aka ana yi tattali, ga mika mulki daga rai zuwa mutuwa, da kuma epitaph a kan kabarin fara sa wani addini ko falsafa yanayi.

Mutane da yawa kasida na Renaissance rubuta waqoqi a cikin wannan salo ga matattu aristocrats. To, akwai mutane da tombstones da crypts da immortalized su rabuwar kalmomi. Shahararren Medici makabarta, da Dante, ado da sculptures ta Michelangelo, da kuma a yau buga ta, girmamãwa.

Sunayen mai girma generals da shugabanni ma da aka ambata a kan dutsen kabari. Alal misali, a cikin kabarin Tamerlane a Samarkand da aka allo, "Idan ina nan da rai, dukan duniya zai zama a cikin tsõro." Wannan gajeren magana daukar kwayar cutar ikon da mutum ikon, wanda, a lokacin da rai ya ci Golden taro kuma lashe mai yawa na kasashen.

Epitaph a Rasha jihar

A Rasha, farkon epitaphs nema a mayar da 13th karni, a lokacin da gravestones rubutawa matacce sunan, irin aiki da sanarwa daga Bishara. Da yawa daga baya, a cikin 16th karni, aristocrats fara oda kasida kabari shayari. Saboda haka, epitaph - wani sabon wallafe-wallafen Genre, wanda yana da wani takamaiman marubucin.

Alal misali, dutsen kabari dutsen kabari aya mawãƙi Batiushkov takaice dai kuma dunkule: "Ba na bukatar tasirin for my dutse, kamar gaya nan ya kasance, da kuma shi ne tafi!"

Daga baya, rubuta epitaphs wani garabasa kasuwanci, da kuma fara rubuta ga 'yan kasuwa da kuma na tsakiyar aji, waɗanda suka yi kadan fahimtar wallafe-wallafen nau'o'i. Don sun tsira, wasu daga gare su, kuma abin da ke ciki, wajen more fun fiye da bakin ciki: "wanda Yake Ya bã haihuwa, cewa wannan shi ne gina." Wannan lakabi ya bar ɗan da marigayi mahaifin.

zamani epitaph

Yau epitaph - a takaice sanarwa cewa, ake bayyana bakin ciki iyali kan asarar mai ƙaunar daya. Rubuce-rubucensa a kan dutsen kabari ko buga a wata jarida labarin mutuwarsa. Wannan sau da yawa zo daga waqe na zamani da kasida da bards, daga fina-finai phrases, faxin shahararrun mutane.

Kamar yadda wani da wallafe-wallafen Genre na epitaph kusan daina wanzuwa a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Aka ba su riƙi a kan kaburbura na 'yan jam'iyyar kwaminis bar line, fãce sunayen, sunan da kuma patronymic.

A koma epitaph aka sanya yiwu ne kawai bayan da addini da kuma coci sun sake samuwa ga mutane. A kan dutsen kabari zumunta wuce mutane a kusa da ita baƙin ciki, da baƙin ciki a kan mutuwar wani mutum masoyi a gare su:

"Har sai da zafi da jũna takaice dai karni,

Amma memory ko da yaushe ka kasance tare da mu,

Favorite, mu masoyi mutane.

Our zafi, ba mu aika da maganar "

epitaph uwa

Da asarar a kusa da ƙaunar daya yana fuskantar kowane a kansu hanya. Daya buɗi na cũta ne a dutsen kabari rubutu.

Lokacin da uwarsa mutu, yara biya haraji to da auna ga ta, ta amfani da epitaph a kan abin tunawa ga mahaifiyarsa. Yana iya zama mai waka, mai salla, ko wani taƙaitaccen bayani: "Mun zo muku to saka bouquet. Yana da wuya ba tare da ku, mu, masoyi, su rayu. "

Amfani epitaph, mutane kai da duniya yadda mai girma da bakin ciki a asarar mai ƙaunar daya. The sama na Genre damar da su a raba su da baƙin ciki da sauransu. A mutum wanda ke ta da hurumi, za a iya kimanta darajar bakin ciki da alhini da cewa bar yara a cikin nau'i na wani epitaph a kan abin tunawa ga mahaifiyarsa. Juyayi ga tsautsayi na wasu taimaka mutane zo sharuddan da su hasãra.

epitaph miji

Just ban tausayi asarar mai breadwinner da uba, don haka suna ƙara samu a cikin kaburbura na matattu maza epitaph miji daga matarsa. Suna cike da baƙin ciki, da baƙin ciki, kamar yadda mata, sun rasa su auna da mazajensu, stung da asarar:

"Shafa hawaye da kuma shugabannin sunkuyar.

Ga ta'allaka mai auna miji.

Ya kammala a duniya kwanaki -

Good uba da kuma mai kyau aboki. "

Short phrases a kan dutsen kabari sadaukar da marigayin mijinta, iya canja wurin a matsayin yawa zurfin mata da baƙin ciki, kazalika da waqe-waqe, "I Love ku, alfahari da ku, ko da yaushe a ƙwaƙwalwar kana da rai."

Idan wani mutum ya mutu a cikin tsufa, da epitaph za a iya gani ambaci shi a matsayin uba kuma kakan, "Ɗauki mu matuƙar kyauta na duniya, m da miji, mai kyau uba da kakan gida."

Epitaph matsayin epigram

Ko da yake mutuwa da wani ƙaunar daya - shi ne mai girma bala'i, mai yawa mutane zuwa ko ta mutuwa yana bi da walwala da annashuwa da kuma shakka. Akwai lokuta lokacin da epitaph aka yi amfani a matsayin talla ko sabis maimakon soyayya: "Ga ta'allaka Ester Rayt, wanda Allah ya kira wa kansa. Ta disconsolate miji Tomas Rayt, mafi kyau stonemason America, tare da nasa hannun ya yi rubutu da kuma shirya don cika wannan a gare ku ga $ 250. " Baƙin ciki da asarar wasu iya samun irin subtext, wanda slips "hassada" ga marigayin: "Ta rayu a cikin haske na 82 years old, 6 watanni, 4 days ba tare da hutu."

A kasashe daban-daban za su iya saduwa da epitaph ko dai tare da mutumci ko da wani ambato. Alal misali, kamar yadda show baki mutumci Mexicans: "Ga ginu Pancrazio Huvenalis. Ya kasance abar mijinta, mai kyau uba kuma mummunan lantarki. "

Known a lokacin Lukretsiya Bordzhiya, wanda 'yar Paparoma Alexander 6, yana da wani m dangantaka da ubansa da ɗan'uwansa, domin an immortalized a epitaph "Ga ta'allaka Lukretsiya Bordzhiya -' yarsa, matar da 'yar Alexander 6, Paparoma."

Epitaph greats

Ba duk celebrities ake girmama mai kyau epitaph, ko da yake akwai waɗanda suke nasu, rubuta magana, wanda baya zama winged.

Alal misali, a Winston Churchill ta kabari ne rubũtacce da wadannan kalmomin: "Ni shirye ka sadu da Mahalicci. Amma idan Mahalicci da lokacin shirya wani taro tare da ni - shi ke da tambaya. "

Mashahuri masanin kimiyya Ampere da umarnin cewa, ya kabarin ya da rubutu "karshe farin ciki." Wannan yadda ya kiyasta rayuwarsa da kuma mutuwa.

Reading da kalamai a kan sauran mutane ta kaburbura, mutane son da za a haɗe zuwa rayuwa da mutuwa da wani kusa, don haka da epitaph - wani irin wa'adin daga duniya mai rai lahira. Mutane har yanzu bakin ciki, tausayi da kuma tunawa phrases.