Ethanoic acid. Jiki Properties, shiri da kuma yin amfani da

Ethanoic acid (wani sunan - acetic acid) - shi ne Organic abu wanda yake shi ne sosai na asali weaker carboxylic acid. A Kalam na wannan acid ake kira acetates. Ta hanyar wannan abu za a iya samu ethanoic acid methyl ester: ethanal = + ethanoic acid methyl ester.
Jiki Properties ethanoic acid

1. ethanoic acid (dabara - CH3COOH) ne wani ruwa ba tare da launi da kuma wari da kuma wani m m iyawa.
2. hygroscopic. Rashin iyaka narkewa a cikin ruwa.
3. ethanoic acid miscible tare da mafi kaushi. Wannan abu ne da narkewa gas da kuma inorganic mahadi kamar HI (hydrogen iodide), HF (hydrogen fluoride), HBr (hydrogen bromide), HCI (hydrochloric acid) da kuma da yawa wasu.
4. Akwai matsayin mikakke kuma cyclic dimers.
5. The dielectric akai na 6.1.
6. ƙonewa zafin jiki a iska ne 454 digiri.
7. ethanoic acid siffofin azeotropes da carbon tetrachloride, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, p-xylene da bromoforom.

Ethanoic acid za a iya samu a hanyoyi da dama:

1. By oxidizing acetaldehyde tare da oxygen daga cikin iska. Wannan tsari mai yiwuwa ne kawai a gaban mai kara kuzari - manganese acetate a zazzabi na daga 50 zuwa 60 digiri. A dauki ne kamar haka:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (oxygen) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

2. A oxidative hanyoyin amfani masana'antu. A baya can don ethanoic acid hadawan abu da iskar shaka na butane aka yi amfani da acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized kawai a gaban manganese acetate a dagagge matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki. The yawan amfanin ƙasa na ethanoic acid da aka game da casa'in da biyar bisa dari.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-butane aka oxidized a zazzabi na 150 zuwa 200 digiri. Lokacin da wannan cobalt acetate abubuwa a matsayin mai kara kuzari.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Amma saboda da gagarumin Yunƙurin a farashin man, biyu daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin zama marasa amfani baki ɗaya ba da da ewa ƙwace ta fi dacewa tsari ga carbonylation na methanol.

3. A catalytic carbonylation na methanol - shi ne wani muhimmin hanya domin kira ethanoic acid. Yana auku matukar lissafi:

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. Akwai kuma biochemical samar da hanya wadda yana amfani da ikon da kwayoyin zuwa oxidize ethanol. Wannan tsari shine ake kira acetic fermentation. A lokacin da wannan aka yi amfani a matsayin albarkatun kasa mai ruwa-ruwa ester ethyl barasa ko etanolosoderzhaschie ruwa (fermented juices). Wannan Multi-mataki hadaddun tsari. Yana za a iya bayyana ta da wadannan lissafi:
CH3CH2OH (ether barasa) + O2 (oxygen) = CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) + H2O
aikace-aikace

- ethanoic acid mai ruwa-ruwa mafita amfani a cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci, da dafa abinci da kuma adana.

- ethanoic acid da aka yi amfani da su haifar da odoriferous abubuwa da kwayoyi (acetone, acetyl).

- yi amfani a cikin rini, kuma bugu.

- kamar yadda a dauki matsakaici ga hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga wasu kwayoyin abubuwa (hydrogen peroxide hadawan abu da iskar shaka na sulfides).

- tun ethanoic acid da nau'i-nau'i da wani m pungent wari, shi za a iya amfani maimakon ammonia.