Aneroid barometer: an nema ga aunawa yanayi matsa lamba

Mene ne wani barometer? Wannan fasaha lokaci ne ya kira wani na'urar auna yanayi matsa lamba. A mafi yadu amfani iri biyu barometers. Used Mercury barometer domin aunawa yanayi matsa lamba da farko a kan meteorological tashoshin.
Shi ne mafi amfani da tsauraran matakan, amma ya ba da mafi girma ji daidaito, don haka masana kimiyya da kuma ba baicin shi. Barometer wannan irin da aka kirkiro da kuma gina ta Italian masanin kimiyya Evangelista Torricelli a shekarar 1644. Its aiki manufa - daidaita da shafi na Mercury da iska post. Saboda babban yawa na Mercury shafi tsawo ne sosai kananan (idan aka ce cewa yanayi matsa lamba - 760 mmHg, cewa yana nufin da wannan karfi presses da yanayi iska a ma'auni nufi).

Aneroid barometer - a na'urar more hadaddun. Ko da yake na'urar ra'ayin da aka samarwa kusan lokaci guda tare da sabuwar dabara na da Mercury barometer (aikata shi a wannan goma sha bakwai-karni Bajamushe masanin kimiyya Gotfrid Leybnits), amma m aiwatar da ra'ayin da babban Jamus samu kawai shekara ɗari biyu. A 1847, wani talented Bafaranshen Lucien Vidi halicci duniya ta farko aneroid barometer. Mene ne manufa da ta aiki?

A barometer aka mai suna "aneroid", da cewa shi ne anhydrous. Wannan lokaci da aka halitta kamar jaddada cewa kayan aiki ne ba a yin amfani da babu ruwa, sabanin Mercury barometer, cikinsa da Na'urar haska kashi ne a ruwa karfe.
A aneroid gabansa kashi ne shãfe haske akwatin sanya daga corrugated abu, wanda, a lokacin da kara ko ragewa iska matsa lamba dan kadan matsa ko kumbura. hannu tsarin results a cikin yunkuri na kibiya, wanda shi ne musamman a kammala karatunsa sikelin nuna yanayi matsa lamba a millimeters na Mercury.

Zai ze, kome rikitarwa, kuma aneroid barometer za a iya halitta a matakin fasaha ci gaba a matsayin Torricelli sau da kafin. Me ya sa bai ya faru? Mafi m, a nan ya buga da muhimmancin hade da dalilai da dama. Farko, kuma farkon - shi ne rashin bukatar irin wannan kayan aiki a lokaci guda. A gaskiya, kamar yadda na kimiyya na meteorology jariri da kananan dogara da yanayi matsa lamba bambancin da kuma yanayin aka gane kawai da masana kimiyya a lokacin. Bugu da kari, watakila irin rawa da rashin dace abu don corrugated kwalaye (ya dole ne m elasticity da mikewa a lokacin dogon aiki). Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da kuma na farko da na biyu yanayi ne ba hana halittar aneroid.

Bayan da sabuwar dabara na Lyuena Vidi aneroid barometer fara yada hanzari a zaman kansa gidaje da kuma Apartments. Akwai ma wani nau'i ne na fashion: gaban wannan kayan aiki a cikin gidan jaddada zamantakewa da kuma ilimi matsayi na rundunar. Irin wannan mutum, a zamani sharuddan, aka dauke "m".

Kamar yadda tallafi na kasa da kasa awo tsarin (SI), mafi yawan kasashen aneroid grading sikelin ya zama taimaka sikelin, inda matsa lamba aka nuna ba kawai a cikin millimeters na Mercury (wannan ba wani tsari daya), amma kuma a Pascals. Akwai grading sikelin da aneroid a sanduna. Bar - ma wani maras tsarin naúrar, kamar daidaita daya yanayi. Wani lokaci mataki matsa lamba a bar shi ne mafi m fiye da a millimeters na Mercury, ko a tsarin raka'a.

Duk da haka, da al'ada da aunawa da yanayi matsa lamba a millimeters na Mercury ya kasance mai karfi. Ko a yanzu, hasashen yanayi yanayi matsa lamba aka nuna a wadannan wadanda ba tsarin raka'a.