Farashin almakashi - abin da yake da shi? 1923, farashin almakashi: haddasawa, jigon da kuma hanyoyi

Tarayyar Soviet ta tattalin arzikin da aka faruwa ta hanyar mai yawa wuya lokaci, wanda ya kai ga duka biyu da sakamako mai kyau, kuma korau. Alal misali, a lokacin da sabon tattalin arziki siyasa akwai irin wannan abu a matsayin farashin almakashi. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da farashin rashin daidaituwa tsakanin samarwa na masana'antu da kuma noma. Bari mu dauki wani kusa look, abin da yake jigon da lokaci da kuma abin da suke ta haddasawa da kuma abin da su ne hanyoyi daga wannan halin da ake ciki.

Abin da ake nufi?

Duk wanda ya karanci ilmin tattalin arziki da kuma na kasa da kasa ci gaban tattalin arziki, saba da magana "farashin almakashi". Mene ne wannan? A general, ajalin nufin da bambanci a farashin daban-daban kungiyoyin na kaya a kasuwar kasa da kasa dabi'u. Tsawo a cikin kudin saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai daban-daban tattalin arziki, wanda aka samu daga wajen samar da kuma sayar da wasu kaya. Duk da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a kwatanta farashin for kaya iri dabam daban, akwai wani hasashe cewa, farashin kayayyakin kerarre ne yafi m ga mai sayarwa fiye da na fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa. Sau da yawa, farashin almakashi bayyana ba dole ba musayar kaya tsakanin yankunan karkara da kuma birane da kuma tsakanin tattalin arziki da suka ci gaba da bunkasa jihohi.

Bayyanar da lokaci a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet Lvom Davidovichem lokaci da aka gabatar "farashin almakashi" Trotsky musamman don bayyana halin da ake ciki a wancan lokacin da masana'antu da kuma noma da kayayyakin farashin. tallace-tallace rikicin, wanda ya riga ya zama fili a cikin kaka na shekarar 1923 ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a ba iya saya m kayayyakin na dubious quality. Ko da yake shi ne kawai zatarivatsya mutane zuwa da sauri sayar da kayayyaki da kuma yin riba. Duk wannan da aka yi domin kawo masana'antu zuwa wani sabon matakin, da kuma a lokaci guda tada rating na jihar a matsayin dukan. A cewar masana harkokin tattalin arziki, wannan hanya ba ya ko da yaushe kawo sakamako mai kyau, amma yana daukan wuri a cikin kasashen da dama na duniya.

Jigon da 1923 rikicin

Back a shekarar 1923, masana'antu samar fara sayar a wata mafi girma price, ko da yake ingancin ne matalauci. Saboda haka, a watan Oktoba, da 23rd shekara na karshe karni farashin kerarre dukiya amounted zuwa fiye da 270 bisa dari na shigar kudin na wannan kayayyakin a 1913. A lokaci guda wani babban Yunƙurin a farashin da farashin kayayyakin gona ya karu da kawai 89 bisa dari. The sabon abu na rashin daidaituwa Trotsky sanya wani sabon lokaci - "almakashi farashin". A halin da ake ciki ya unpredictable, kamar yadda gwamnatin da aka fuskanci wata hakikanin barazana - wani abinci rikicin. Manoma ba riba don sayar da kayayyakin a cikin manyan yawa. Muna sayar da kawai ƙara da cewa a yarda biya haraji. Bugu da kari, gwamnatin tãyar da kasuwar farashin hatsi, ko da yake saya farashi domin sayan ƙwãya a cikin kauyuka zauna a wuri, da kuma wani lokacin rage.

A Sanadin da rikicin

Don gane da sabon abu na "farashin almakashi" a shekarar 1923, da haddasawa, jigon da rikicin ya barke, da bukatar cikakken nazari da bango. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin, a tambaya ya fara aiwatar da masana'antu, musamman a fannin aikin gona. Bugu da kari, kasar da aka a kan mataki na m jari na babban birnin kasar, da kuma babban rabo na jimlar kasa samun kudin shiga lissafta ta noma. Kuma domin ya kara da matakin na masana'antu samar, sun zama dole kudi, wanda aka "pumped daga" na noma.

A wasu kalmomin, akwai wani redistribution kudi gudana, da kuma farashin almakashi a cikin wannan lokaci kawai widened. Akwai wani Trend na farashin kayayyakin motsi, sayar m manyan jami'an harkokin kasuwanci a hannu daya, kuma ga dukiya sayansu da su daga masana'antun ga wani keɓaɓɓen amfani - a kan sauran.

Hanyoyi na bayani

Hukumomi sun sanya kowane kokarin warware matsalolin a cikin tattalin arzikin, wanda a cikin sa farashin Almakashi (1923). A dalilai da kuma hanyoyin da cewa suna samarwa ga Soviet gwamnatin, hada da dama da maki. Da farko, an yanke shawarar rage halin kaka a cikin masana'antu kansu. Wannan an cimma a hanyoyi da dama, mafi muhimmanci daga wanda - rage ma'aikata, da ingantawa da samar da tsari, iko Hakkin promsektora ma'aikata, rage rawar da middlemen. Karshe lokacin da aka samu ta hanyar samar da wani babban cibiyar sadarwa na mabukaci hadin Fiye da shi m? Its main manufofin sun rage kudin kerarre dukiya ga kowa da masu amfani, rage wuya da wadata da kasuwanni, kazalika da a gaggauta yawa.

} o} arin da sakamakon

Duk da anti-rikicin ayyuka na gwamnatin sun kai ga sakamako mai kyau: bayan shekara guda, wato a watan Afrilu 1924, da farashin kayayyakin gona da tashi da dan kadan, yayin da masana'antu samar fadi zuwa 130 cikin dari. 1923, farashin almakashi ne ta daina aiki (watau quntata), kuma ya fara tsayar da daidaita farashin a duka fannoni. A musamman, da kyau sakamako da aka exerted a kan masana'antu samar. Idan aka kwatanta da shekarun da suka gabata, lokacin da noma shi ne manyan tushen kudi a kasar, da masana'antu ya ci gaba a cikin wani m tushen jari. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a kunkuntar da farashin almakashi, game da shi kara sayan farashin ga kayayyakin manoma.

farashin almakashi a kasashen turai

Ba wai kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet amma kuma a yammacin Turai da kuma Amurka sun yi amfani da farashin almakashi. Wannan sabon abu ne sun fi mayar da gudummawar da kawar da samar daga kananan gonaki. Alal misali, bayan yakin duniya na II, a wasu jari hujja iko (Britaniya, Faransa, Amurka da sauransu.) Major kasuwanci, harkokin kudi da masana'antu babban birnin kasar ne sannu-sannu shiga cikin harkokin noma. Mun fara haifar da agro-masana'antu jam'iyya, a cikin abin da aka yanke shawarar a yi amfani da sabuwar kimiyya da fasaha aukuwa. Bugu da kari, manoma ne batun m jihar iko da kuma tsari. Duk wannan ya kai ga cewa kananan gonaki, da yawa daga waxanda suke da iyali kasuwanci kawai ba zai iya gasa da aka lalace. Wadannan kananan gonaki, duk da jihar taimakon, sun ba su iya saya da tsada kayan aikin noma, samar da monopolies industrialists.

Saboda haka, manoma ya zabi: ko dai ka je zuwa cikakken karkashi na m masana'antu da kungiyoyin da rashin 'yanci ko a daina aikin noma. A lokaci guda manyan gonaki saboda da samuwar na agro-masana'antu hadaddun gina da kuma samu halaye, kama zamani hukumomi. Wannan irin factory-gona saboda farashin almakashi bayyana a cikin wani na yau da kullum gasar ga mai saye.