Grass feed: akuya ta Rue, Clover, alfalfa, zaki Clover. Amfani Properties, namo

Shekara-shekara, ko perennial forage ciyawa - m amfanin gona da ake girma ga abincin dabbobi. Halin da mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa, da sinadirai masu darajar da suna mai da muhimmanci sosai, kuma m rawa a karfafa fodder tushe. Girma su kan kore forage, silage, haylage, hay, ciyawa ci abinci da kuma yadda dabbõbin al'adu.

Grass forage - mai muhimmanci da abinci domin ya ƙunshi furotin, carbohydrates, fiber, da kuma daban-daban bitamin da kuma ma'adanai da suke da muhimmanci ga al'ada ci gaba da kuma ci gaban da dabbobi. Its darajar tattalin arziki dogara a kan abinci mai gina jiki, yawan aiki, palatability dabbobi, kazalika da ruwan dare a yankuna daban-daban.

Iri forage ciyawa

A kasar da aka horar da fiye da 80 jinsin wannan al'ada, da kuma akwai game da 5,000 halitta asashe.

All ciyawa fodder ya kasu kashi 4 kungiyoyin:

• wake.
• hatsi.
• sedge.
• forbs.

Tsawon lokacin da rai da ciyawa fodder iya zama annuals da kuma Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana.

The iyali na legumes

Bean forage ciyawa forage ƙasashe na kasar mu da aka samu a kananan yawa, amma yana da wani fairly high feed Properties: al'adun shi ne mai arziki a cikin furotin da kuma aka kyau kwarai cinye ta dabbobi. A mafi tartsatsi Clover (ja, fari, ruwan hoda), Lotus corniculatus, alfalfa, rawaya, makiyaya, da dai sauransu daraja.

The iyali na da ciyawan

Wannan rukuni ne tartsatsi a cikin kusan dukkan yankunan (sai Hamada) da kuma bayar da mafi yawan amfanin gona na makiyaya forage ko hay (sau da yawa har zuwa 80-90%). Mai hatsi da wani babban tsananin girma, musamman a cikin matasa hãlãyensu. A lokacin senouborki a lokacin bushewa wadannan ganye suna da kyau kiyaye ganye, wanda su ne mafi muhimmanci da sassa. A mafi tartsatsi hatsi kamar gashin tsuntsu, quackgrass, Ostrets et al.

Sedge ciyawa fodder

Don wannan rukuni na ganye hada da tsire-tsire daga cikin iyalan Cyperaceae da Juncaceae. Wadannan al'adu an dauke su da kadan darajar a feed shirin, da kuma wajen mugun ci abinci da dabbobi, amma a arewacin yankunan da gandun daji zone sau da yawa sa up da girma daga hay (ruwa sedge, Carex siririn, da sauransu). Kuma a cikin hamada da kuma Semi-hamada, da yawa sedges ne m forage shuka.

motley ciyawa

Wannan kungiya ta hada dukkan sauran Botanical shuka iyali. Ciyawa - makiyaya ciyawa forage, wanda zai iya zama wani lokaci har zuwa 60-70% na tsayawar. Babban ɓangare daga gare su ne na tattalin arziki muhimmanci. Shuke-shuke da wannan kungiya mafi gina jiki fiye da hatsi, amma mafi yawansu suna da yawa kasa cinye ta dabbobi saboda m dandano, thorniness, pubescence da sauransu. Kananan ciki ciyawa (cuff, Dandelion, cumin, da dai sauransu) A tsayawar (20%) - kyawawa don amfani saboda ma'adinai abun da ke ciki inganta palatability da kuma ciyar da shanu.

A manyan yawan ganye da cewa kungiyar a tsirin hay amfani ne sosai a ke so, saboda:

• shi displaces da mafi muhimmanci da legumes da hatsi;
• daga cikin ciyawa samu da yawa daga weeds (filin bindweed, sarƙaƙƙiya rawaya da sauransu.) da kuma mai guba (m buttercup, hellebore, turakun m aconite da sauransu.) shuke-shuke.

Ciyar da shekara-shekara da ciyawan

A peculiarity na shekara-shekara forage ciyawa da cewa su ci gaba da sake zagayowar da aka kammala a cikin shekara, kuma sun mutu. Shuka for greenery a kan ciyar, silage, kazalika da samar da wani mayar da hankali abinci. Shekara-shekara ciyawa ba high da ake samu na kore taro, da sinadirai masu darajar high, da short girma kakar.

Saboda gaskiya cewa mowing shuke-shuke ripeness auku a kimanin 50-60 kwanaki, wadannan al'adu ne ba makawa ga matsakaici amfanin gona, a wani aiki biyu.

Shekara-shekara ciyawa suna zuwa kashi iri biyu:

• wake.
• bluegrass (hatsi).

Shekara-shekara legume forage amfanin gona suna sown a farkon spring. A mafi muhimmanci da shuke-shuke - spring da kuma hunturu vetch, rank, fodder lupine, ornithopus.

Hatsi ciyawa ne mafi zafi-m annuals, suna dasa a wata rijiya-mai tsanani gona domin shuka na farkon spring amfanin gona. A mafi muhimmanci ne: Sudan ciyawa, tsoro, dawa, shekara-shekara ryegrass, Siberian gero, lu'u-lu'u da gero da sauransu.

Perennial forage ciyawa

Perennial forage ciyawa - shuka herbaceous shuke-shuke, da rayuwar jama'a na wanda fiye da shekara guda. Suna girma ga abincin dabbobi.

A al'ada hada da fiye da 50 jinsunan shuke-shuke. Su suna sown fi a cikin nau'i na ciyawa garwayayye, wanda yana da kyau sakamako a kan forage inganci da ƙasa haihuwa. Shuka a matsayin m amfanin gona da kuma samar da horar da makiyaya ne amfanin gona juyawa.

A shekara ta fari ta rayuwa, perennial ciyawa ne masu tasowa quite sannu a hankali, overgrown da weeds da kuma iya samar da low da ake samu. Saboda haka, da suka suna shawarar bayan shuka hatsi ko jere amfanin gona a composted taki ko ƙasa.

Perennial ciyawa da fodder kasu kashi:

• Poa (ciyawa). Mafi na kowa: Timothawus, brome, perennial ryegrass, alkama ciyawa, ryegrass tsayi, Kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass mnogoukosny, siririn wheatgrass, gõnaki ciyawa, bentgrass fari, da kuma jan fescue, foxtail da sauransu.
• Legumes: alfalfa, Clover fari, ja Clover, Clover ruwan hoda, sainfoin, Lotus corniculatus.

Don ƙirƙirar sosai m ciyawa bukatar Wajibi yarda da babban noma ayyuka na namo al'adu.

bunsurun Rue

Kozljatnika da dangantaka da wani perennial ganye daga cikin iyali na legumes. Kara branched kafa, yawanci shi ya kai wani tsawo na 1 m, kuma m kasa ne iya girma har zuwa 1.5 m. A tushen tsarin yana da sanda type, germinates da kuma 80 cm a cikin zurfin. A cikin babban tushen da yawan zuriya samar. Farko, da suka ci gaba horizontally zuwa 30 cm sa'an nan germinate da kuma samar da sabon mai tushe.

Bar imparipinnate hankulan shuke-shuke, har zuwa 30 cm.

Goat ta Rue - forage ciyawa tare da kodadde Violet ko blue furanni da cewa kama karrarawa, wanda aka tattara a Inflorescence-goga. A kowane kara a can za a iya kafa na 3-5 guda. Fruiting auku a watan Satumba da Oktoba. Wake kananan size (2-4 cm dogon), duhu orange, kusan launin ruwan kasa, 3-7 a 'ya'yan itace da tsaba. Goat ta Rue yana da wani wajen jinkirin girma, kuma idan ba har sai da kaka ke tsiro zuwa 20 cm tsawo, shi ne mafi sau da yawa da workpiece da aka canjawa wuri zuwa shekara ta gaba.

Tsaba sami damar kula da ingancin germination har zuwa shekaru 8.

Goat ta Rue ne quite sanyi-resistant shuke-shuke da za su iya jure wa da kyau ko da sosai matsananci winters.

2 sani jinsunan wannan shuka Gabas akuya ta Rue (ganye fodder) da kuma magani.

shekara-shekara ryegrass

Very m forage shuka, ba mai kyau da makiyãyã kuma hay. A kore taro ƙunshi 3.2% gina jiki, 2.3% gina jiki, 8% abin da ake ci fiber. Ya kwadayin ci abinci da shanu, a Bugu da kari, shi ne mai kyau ciyar ga m tsuntsaye. Shekara-shekara ryegrass hay nutritionally ba na baya hay na tsoro, Sudan ciyawa da sauran hatsi da amfanin gona. Animals ci da kyau da kuma rauno. Shekara-shekara da ake samu na hay - game 7-8 t / ha na kore taro - don 20-30 t / ha, da iri - 0.5-0.6 t / ha.

Shekara-shekara ryegrass yana high otavnost, a lokacin da girma kakar ba 2-3 mowings. Bayan na biyu mowing girma aftermath za a iya amfani da a matsayin makiyaya forage har sai da marigayi fall, tun da shi tolerates qananan fall frosts.

melilot

Wannan unpretentious shekara-shekara, ko biennial legume, ikon girma a kan matalauta, m, stony kuma lãka kasa, kazalika a annan yankunan, inda babu wani topsoil. Clover shuka ba ji tsoron Saline da alkaline kasa, amma ba ya yi haƙuri acidic dausayi da kuma intermittent nauyi ƙasar, tare da kusa da kusanci da ruwa tebur. A tushen tsarin ne da karfi da kuma ci gaba da, don haka wannan ganye zai iya bayar da amfanin gona mai kyau a cikin m yankunan inda wasu forage amfanin gona ƙone. Lokacin da isasshen yawa daga ruwan sama girbi na kore taro iya isa har zuwa 8.7 ton / ha.

Clover shuka da aka samu nasarar yi amfani ba kawai a cikin abinci amma kuma ga kore taki.

Tsaba germinate a zazzabi na daga 2 zuwa 50 ° C, harbe jure daskarewa -6 ...- 5 ° C, da kuma sanyi-resistant perennial wasu iri sanyi ba ji tsoron 40 ° C.

Sweet Clover ne mai muhimmanci da high-gina jiki fodder shuka, wanda ba nutritionally na baya Clover, alfalfa da sainfoin. Yana iya sau da yawa a iya samu cikin fadamun, wõfintattu kuri'a, gefen titi.

Shi ne fari-resistant, sanyi-resistant da kuma resistant zuwa shuka cututtuka da kuma kwari dace da greenery, silage da kuma hay. Za a iya girma duka a garwayayye, kazalika da nasu.

fari Clover

Ke tsiro da kyau a yashi, loamy weakly acidic ko tsaka tsaki kasa. A shekara ta fari ta ciyawa (Clover) ne iya flower da kuma samar da tsaba. A shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa zo cikakken ci gaba. A wuri guda zai iya girma har zuwa 9-10 shekaru.

Grass (Clover), da danshi da kuma rãnã-auna, sanyi resistant. An mafi kyau girma a cikin yankunan da m sanyi sauyin yanayi, inda babu wani fari.

Shuka fari Clover ne mai kyau forage shuke-shuke da cewa dauke da wani yawa na gina jiki. Pritaptyvanie dabbõbi a lokacin da waje kiwo ba hana shuka, a akasin haka, shi na taimaka wa mafi sprawl. Dasa a legume cewa inganta ƙasa haihuwa. Its hada a cikin abun da ke ciki tare da Timothawus ciyawa garwayayye, ryegrass da sauran shuke-shuke inganta feed ingancin makiyaya ciyawa - ƙara gina jiki da abun ciki, phosphorus, mai, alli, potassium, da kuma rage fiber. The yawan amfanin ƙasa na kore taro a fadamun - game da 60-120 kg / ha, hay game 18-35 kg / ha, Seed 3.0-5.0 t / ha.

alfalfa

Wannan shi ne wani perennial ciyawa forage legumes. Amfani duka biyu kamar yadda kore fodder, kuma domin samun high quality hay. Alfalfa tsaba suna kuma amfani da magani dalilai. Al'adu inganta ƙasa tsarin, kazalika da nitrogen-wadãtar da ƙasa, lalata weeds. Halin high jure fari da kuma hunturu hardiness. A tsirin iya rike har zuwa shekaru 10 ko fiye. Bayan mowing tsiro sannu a hankali.

Wannan inji fi son ciyar da baki gona, gandun daji-steppe baƙin yumɓu, peat da kuma ruwan kasa da launin toka kasa da kuma sauran lemun tsami-arzikin ƙasa. Alfalfa tsiro talauci a Scotland da kuma nauyi lãka kasa.

Wannan inji ƙunshi mai yawa bitamin da kuma gina jiki. Wannan abu ne da narkewar da herbivores. Alfalfa tsaba sown biyu a m tsari da kuma a admixture.