Hamayya da juna - menene wannan?

Hamayya da juna - An yi tsayayya wa juna a ma'anar, amma na ga wannan bangare na jawabin da kalmar. Bã su da wani daban-daban kuskure da kuma sauti. Ƙayyade darajar daya antonym sosai sauki ta hanyar da wasu, isa ya ba shi wani nau'i na musu. Alal misali, a kai tsaye antonym ga maganar zuwa ce - kada ka yi shiru, m - ba yawa fun da sauransu. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin mafi daki-daki, manufar "hamayya da juna" da kuma koyi da ra'ayoyinsu.

Overview

akwai da yawa nuances, kuma tausasãwa a wani bangare na jawabin saboda da dũkiya da Rasha harshe. Ba tare da dalili a wasu makarantu da kuma jami'o'i karatu littattafai masu yawa a kan ilmin harsuna.

1. Sananne ne cewa saboda da polysemy na harshe raka'a, saɓanin ma'ana da wannan kalma a cikin daban-daban riƙa sãɓawa jũna. Ga misali: wani tsohon boar - matasa boar, tsohon mota - sabon mota, tsohon cuku - sabo ne cuku da sauransu.
2. Hamayya da juna ba kowane lexical naúrar. Su ne ba, misali, kalmar dinka Institute, da littafin da sauransu.
3. Babban alama ne da 'yan adawa da kalmomi da za a iya nufin:

• abu halayen (wayo - wawa, mugunta - kyau).
• zaman jama'a da na halitta mamaki (iyawa - mediocrity, zafi - sanyi).
• Halin da aiki (kwakkwance - don tattara, tuna - to tuna).

iri saɓanin ma'ana

Su ne daban-daban a cikin tsarin.

• Single kafe saɓanin ma'ana - kalmomi daura a ma'anar, amma suna da wannan tushen. Ga misali: soyayya - ƙunci, ci gaba -regress. Suna kafa ta attaching kari kafin kalma (maras, ba tare da / c, PE, dalla da sauransu).
• Raznokornevye saɓanin ma'ana - kalmomi iyakacin duniya meaningfully kuma tare da daban-daban asalinsu. Ga misali: manyan - kananan, black - fari.

Bi da bi, da farko irin kuma zuwa kashi: saɓanin ma'ana, euphemisms (m kar bambanci, bambanci tsakanin, misali: gagarumin - negligible) da kuma enantiosemy (bayyana adawa da wannan kalma, misali: ganin (a cikin hankali don ganin) da kuma view (a gabar skip).

Har ila yau asirce wani rukuni: ya kunsa, saɓanin ma'ana - kalmomi cewa bambanta a ma'anar kawai a wasu batu. Alal misali, a cikin marubucin yi: Ba ta da idanu - da idanu.

Saɓanin ma'ana da darajar ne kamar haka.

• M: su wakilci polarity na mataki, effects ko bayyanar cututtuka. Yawancin lokaci tsakanin kama saɓanin ma'ana, za ka iya saka da kalmar da tsaka tsaki darajar: farin ciki - apathy - bakin ciki, m - rashin tunani - korau.
• Vector: suna wakiltar daban-daban kwatance na mataki: a saka a kan - don cire, bude - kusa.
• Sabanin: nuna polarity abubuwa, mamaki da kuma ãyõyinSa, kowanne daga abin da zame wa wasu. Tsakanin su, ya sa a tsaka tsaki kalma ba zai yiwu ba dama - bar.

ayyuka na saɓanin ma'ana

A tsari stylistic hamayya da juna taka rawa da kuma ake amfani da su sa magana mafi ma'ana. Sau da yawa ana yin su ne a matsayin antithesis (contrasting, bambanci). Misali: "Wane ne kome zai zama komai." Wani lokaci saɓanin ma'ana samar oxymoron (fili unjoinable). Misali: "Hot Snow," "The Living gawar".

Hamayya da juna suna yadu amfani ba kawai a cikin title na aiki, amma kuma a cikin karin magana, da faxin.