Hepatobiliary tsarin. Cututtuka na hepatobiliary tsarin

Hepatobiliary tsarin ne mai rikitarwa Multi-matakin inji yin irin wannan muhimmanci matakai kamar yadda narkewa da tukar tumbi (tukar tumbi na na rayuwa kayayyakin). A sakamakon ta zama lalace rayuwa cuta, detoxification matakai da kuma rigakafi da martani, da kuma antimicrobial kariya.

The jikin na hepatobiliary tsarin

Hepatobiliary tsarin kunshi da gall mafitsara, hanta da bile ducts. Its main aiki ne da samuwar da sufuri da na bile, wanda aka samar da hanta Kwayoyin. Yana motsa ta hanyar da ducts a cikin gall mafitsara, wanda shi ne wani ƙarin tafki. Bile cewa tattara a cikinsa, mayar da hankali a cikin hanta ta 5-10 sau. Bayan da abinci ta samun shiga cikin duodenum. Tiyata da hepatobiliary tsarin ban da hanta da kuma gall mafitsara hada intrahepatic bile bututu da cewa suna located kai tsaye a cikin hanta. Suna fara a matsayin bile capillaries, hankali motsi a cikin ya fi girma bile ducts cewa wuce hanta. Extrahepatic bile bututu buga kowa hanta da kuma cystic kowa, wanda, a lokacin da a hade, da nunawa da na kowa bile bututu.

Bile, ta yi aiki a cikin jiki

Ayyuka na bile, wanda aka hada da Wutan narkewa a cikin ruwa, nauyi karafa (jan) da kuma Organic abubuwa (salts da bile acid, cholesterol, bilirubin, da kuma waɗansu da yawa), suna sosai bambancin. Shi ne da farko da hannu a cikin emulsification na fats da kuma kara habaka da hydrolysis da sha na gina jiki da kuma carbohydrates. Bile ne mai kara kuzari aiki na enzymes daga cikin hanji da kuma pancreas, haka stimulating da aiwatar da narkewa da sha na fats da kuma bitamin A, D, E, da K.

Bugu da kari ga secretory aiki na bile a cikin jiki da kuma taka wata mafi tsara rawa iko bile samuwar kuma zhelchevyvedenie, shafi na mota da kuma secretory aiki na kananan hanji. Ta aka hannu a cikin inactivation peptin da hydrochloric acid, wani bangare ne na ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace, shi stimulates yaduwa (busa), da kuma desquamation na hanji epithelial Kwayoyin, rinjayar da mugunya gamsai. Bugu da kari, shi ne shiga a cikin neutralizing da guba da kuma daban-daban kwayoyi.

hanta

Tiyata da hepatobiliary tsarin ya wadãtu da ba kawai da hanta a matsayin tsakiyar sashen bile, amma kuma a matsayin mafi muhimmanci sashen mutum. A nan ne da samuwar mafi yawan jiki ta samar da makamashi, saboda 20% na taro na Kwayoyin cewa yin up da hanta, kai mitochondria haduwa ATP. A hanta ne mafi girma gland shine yake a cikin jikin mutum, wanda ya samar da wani m ciki yanayi. Ta taka tsakiyar rawa a gina jiki, mai kuma carbon metabolism da kuma a cikin metabolism na kwayoyi. Hanta nasa ne daya daga cikin 'yan gabobin cewa suna kaiwa da komowar nauyi, amma a lokaci guda suna iya mai da a kan nasu a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. A cikin jiki, shi aikin da wadannan ayyuka:

• bile samuwar kuma zhelchevyvedenie.
• Rayuwa - baya daga gaskiya cewa akwai wani kira na da yawa abubuwa (sunadarai, cholesterol, glycogen, urea) wajibi ne ga al'ada aiki na gastrointestinal fili, hanta ne da za'ayi ruwa musayar tsari da kuma metabolism na amino acid da sunadaran ba, carbohydrates, lipids, kuma ilimin aiki abubuwa.
• ajiye - shi ne wani nau'i ne na hanta ma'ajiya inda tara sunadarai, carbohydrates, fats, bitamin, hormones, ma'adanai.
• shãmaki - neutralized cikin wancan dan hanya da mai guba mahadi samu a rage cin abinci ko kafa a cikin hanjinsu.
• excretory - da hanta ne iya nuni samu shi mai guba abubuwa a cikin bile, wanda shi ne saboda abun da ke ciki kawar da su daga jiki.
• homeostatic - kira auku a cikin hanta, jari da kuma tsagawa aka gyara na jini jini, musamman immunoglobulins, aka gyara na da coagulation tsarin.

A dalilan da shan kashi na hepatobiliary tsarin

Tabarbarewa na hepatobiliary tsarin, musamman na hanta, sau da yawa zama a sakamakon lalatattu mahadi. Wadannan sun hada da daukan hotuna zuwa gubobi, kwayan da kwayar raunuka na free radicals. Kamar yadda hepatobiliary tsarin iya shan wahala saboda daban-daban hormonal da kuma rayuwa cuta, matalauta abinci mai gina jiki, uncontrolled samun magunguna, barasa zagi. Danniya da kuma iya samun babba muhimmanci a cikin abin da ya faru na daban-daban pathologies.

Iri raunuka na hepatobiliary tsarin

Modern magani ya gano wadannan iri raunuka cewa sa a take hakkin da hepatobiliary tsarin:

• Mitochondrial - wadannan raunuka ci gaba a salon salula matakin da suna a cikin m kawancen na enzymes daga cikin numfashi sarkar. Mafi sau da yawa suna da sakamakon da yin amfani da maganin rigakafi (tetracyclines), maganin jamiái, parenteral abinci mai gina jiki. Bayyananen irin wannan raunuka zama fibrosis wani lokacin yiwu yaduwa da bile ducts.
• Proteinosis auku saboda take hakkin gina jiki kira. Yawancin wadannan raunuka ne sakamakon dogon daukan hotuna zuwa mai guba (qwayoyi, da kwayar kuma kwayan halaka, poisons).
• Fibrosis tasowa a sakamakon magani kashi. Mafi sau da yawa aka kira su cytotoxic kwayoyi. Ya bayyana ci gaban da fibrous nama, wanda, impairing jini ya kwarara sa da karuwa a matsa lamba a cikin portal jijiya da kuma disrupts aiki na sel da hanta.
• Cholestasis - rage adadin bile shigar da duodenum, ko ta rashi. Wannan na iya zama inji toshewa (gallstones) ko cuta tasowa a matakin hanta Kwayoyin da intrahepatic bile ducts.
• Jijiyoyin bugun gini raunuka - na iya faruwa a bangarori daban-daban na ta jijiyoyin bugun gini cibiyar sadarwa daga capillaries da kuma kawo karshen tare da shan kashi na jijiya gado jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin da kuma portal jannayẽnsa.
• Mai kauri bile - wannan Pathology na hepatobiliary tsarin sau da yawa tasowa saboda blockage na bile bututu ko bile mucous matosai. Mafi sau da yawa da shi ya auku a jarirai da kuma ake dangantawa da rikici na RH factor.

cututtuka

Cututtuka na hepatobiliary tsarin, ayan da wani takamaiman da kuma wadanda ba takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka. Domin nonspecific hada maye bayyanar cututtuka bayyana lethargy, gajiya, wani rauni da zazzabi Yunƙurin sã'õ'in exacerbation. Su suna hade da rage hanta detoxification ayyuka yiwu reabsorption na bile ko cuta a cikin furotin, carbohydrate ko bitamin mu'amala. Specific cututtuka sun hada da wadanda cututtuka da cewa faruwa a lokacin da abin ya shafa kai tsaye hepatobiliary tsarin. Wadannan sun hada da:

• daban-daban narkewa kamar cuta (tashin zuciya, wani nauyi a cikin dama babba quadrant, da wuya AMAI lalacewa ta hanyar abinci tsokanar, zawo).
• ciki zafi "da ciki" ko sarrafa a dama, yawanci abin da ke faruwa bayan wani m abinci ko kyafaffen.
• cutaneous bayyananen (gizogizo veins, xanthomas, pigmentation cuta, jaundice).
• Ascites - jari na ruwa a cikin kogon ciki.
• venous enhancement juna a kan ciki.
• gaban hanta numfashi.

Take hakki na hepatobiliary tsarin a yara

Hepatobiliary tsarin a yara ne sosai ƙasa da na kowa, fiye da manya da fallasa su kumburi sa da cututtuka dalilai. Fiye da sau da yawa shi Pathology dangantawa da aikin cuta. Su za a iya bincikar lafiya a yara da dukan zamanai, amma an fi shafa makaranta. Wannan shi ne saboda da karuwa a shafi tunanin mutum, wani tunanin da kuma ta jiki danniya, kazalika da wani canji na rage cin abinci. Muhimmanci a haddasa aikin cuta ya ƙara girma da kuma hormonal canjãwa jikin yaro. Da aka fi bincikar lafiya a wannan lokaci, biliary dyskinesia, da wuya - holetsistoholangity da cholecystitis.

Yana yanke shawarar ware firamare da sakandare raunuka na hepatobiliary tsarin. A farko rauni iya dangantawa da anatomic munanan na biliary fili, da kuma Mũnãnan ayyuka na sphincters cewa gwada da motsi na bile, musamman, da sphincter na Oddi. Secondary tabarbarewa iya faruwa a cikin wadannan pathologies:

• gastroduodenal (peptic miki, duodenitis).
• Pathology na pancreas.
• rayuwa cuta.
• parasitic cututtuka.

bincikowa da

Duk da gagarumin nasarori a zamani hepatology, ya lura da ci gaban da daban-daban raunuka na biliary fili da kuma su da hali ya kullum da kuma dogon lokaci, protracted shakka, haka m ganewar asali yana da muhimmancin gaske. Bugu da kari ga binciken, anamnesis da dakin gwaje-gwaje karatu, mafi m na wanda za a iya gani a matsayin jini sunadarai, ƙayyade aikin jiha taimako wadannan hanyoyin bincike na hepatobiliary tsarin.

1. Lissafta tomography - sau da yawa da za'ayi wajen saka idanu da biopsy nama na kogon ciki, mafi m igiyar jini gwamnatin bambanci kafofin watsa labarai.
2. MRI - nagarta sosai don gane daban-daban raunuka na hanta da nama da kuma cysts, damar duba da kuma gane jijiyoyin bugun gini canje-canje a oncological tafiyar matakai.
3. Radionuclide scanning - tantance tukar tumbi da bile kuma daban-daban canje-canje a cikin hanta kyallen takarda, don gane neoplastic matakai, mai kumburi raunuka da kuma tantance patency na biliary ducts.
4. Cholangiography bayyana duwatsu da marurai a bile bututu, kazalika gaban sauran pathologies fistulas da kuma biliary fili. Bugu da kari, wannan binciken zai iya tattara samfurori da bile da bile bututu epithelium, kazalika da gabatar da catheter da za su gudanar da magudanun ruwa da bile, bile ducts fadada da kuma gabatar da kwayoyi da soke calculi (gallstones).
5. Angiography kimanta jini ya kwarara a cikin portal da hanta jijiyoyinmu. Yana da muhimmanci a cikin bambanci ganewar asali na ciwon daji raunuka na hanta.
6. Ultrasonography na hepatobiliary tsarin ne mafi sauki, da kuma araha m Hanyar bincike. Yana fitar da duwatsu a cikin gallbladder da bile ducts optimally don gane ascites.

Ultrasonography na hepatobiliary tsarin

Training, wanda ake bukata don gudanar da wannan bincike, quite sauki, amma ya zama dole don samun cikakken hoto. Its manufa shi ne a kara rage yawan iskar gas a cikin hanjinsu zuwa hanji madauki ya yi ba kusa review na nazari gabobin. Don yin wannan, a kan Hauwa'u na duba bukatar da za su gudanar da wani tsarkakewa enema ko daukar wani laxative. Don kara da tasiri na da hanya kuwa, kwanaki uku kafin taron kana bukatar ka bi a rage cin abinci, rage aiwatar da gasification. Ya kamata a yi a kan komai a ciki tun da na karshe abinci ya kamata dauki akalla 8 hours.

Rage cin abinci kafin duban dan tayi

A lokacin da duban dan tayi jarrabawa na hepatobiliary tsarin horo dole hada da, ban da tsaftacewa hanyoyin, rage cin abinci, Munã rage flatulence. A nan ne Usul:

• Abinci mai gina jiki ya zama wani sulusi da murabba'i - a kalla sau hudu a rana, da kuma na karshe abinci ya kamata a kalla 2 hours kafin lokacin kwanta barci.
• A girma na ruwa dole ne a rage zuwa daya da rabi lita.
• Ware daga abinci da kayayyakin, da suka hada da yisti, mai nama ko kifi, wake, sugar, karfi shayi ko kofi, carbonated ko shan giya.

Hepatobiliary tsarin aikin yawa da muhimmanci ayyuka a cikin jikin mutum, da kuma dace ganewa na take hakki a cikin aikin zai taimaka wa kauce wa matsaloli da yawa a nan gaba.