Heroes na nuclear. A liquidators na nuclear hatsari

Gina a 1954 na farko nukiliya ikon shuka a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma yin zarra bauta m dalilai, mutãne ya yi ĩmãni a gano da mafi m da wutar lantarki. A 80-ies na XX karni, akwai riga 360 nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke. 1986 a kan Afrilu 26 , duniya al'umma ya koya ta real farashin dubban rayuka, ya mutu daga radiation da illar, 300 dubu rashin gida, ya bar garuruwa da kauyuka. Amma wadanda zai iya zama har ma mafi girma idan ba ga mutane, da real heroes of nuclear, su hana wani ma fi girma bala'i da rayukansu.

A hatsari a chernobye nukiliya ikon shuka

A cikin dare na Afrilu 26 aka barci mazauna Ukrainian biranen Pripyat kuma nuclear, located daidai da 4 da kuma 18 km daga makaman nukiliya ikon shuka, wanda aiki mafi na yawan balagaggun jama'a. A garkuwa 4-th block, inda cikin reactor da aka gudanar gwajin № 4 warware su ban tausayi rabo shekaru da yawa. Ta yaya domin sanin daga baya gwamnatin hukumar, da ake bukata sigogi, wanda ya sa wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba matakai da ya sa aka fashewa daga cikin reactor an keta a lokacin gwajin. 50 ton na man fetur ya tsere waje, wanda shi ne sau 10 fi m Hiroshima.

A azãba zasu jawo management nuclear: gudanar da wani gwaji, mataimakin babban injiniya A. woodpecker, kuma darektan nuclear V. Bryuhanov sami wani ajali na shekaru 10. Daga cikin sakamakon da radiation farko fitarwa daga rayuwa a 1995. A babban injiniya ya rasa ransa. Kawai a cikin nineties da gwamnatin hukumar gane cewa babban m da hadarin ya da wani m kuskure, kuma a cikin sosai zane na reactor. Zama cewa kamar yadda shi may, na farko mahalarta na chernobyl masifa - da tashar sandarka. Tare da lalata ginin naúrar, inda suka kashe biyu, duk sauran (134) lafiya da radiation amai, wanda nan da nan ya mutu 24 (28 tare da wuta).

Kafa kafar a kan hanyar kara bala'i

Bayan biyu fashewar tare da wani bambanci na biyu seconds (a 1 hour 23 minutes) da reactor aka hallaka, haddasa game da 30 gobara. tashar aiki ta farko da aka wanda ba su yi shakka wuta extinguishers garzaya gyara su. Yayin da darektan V. Bryuhanov isa 2 ƙarfe a cikin tashar, a Jihar buga, a wani lantarki shagon kokawa su hana hydrogen fashewa, wanda zai iya rufe Minsk, da m for fiye da 300 km.

A kasar dole san sunayen da heroes of nuclear. 47-shekara mataimakin motsi duba Alexander Lelechenko da kaina da An katange da ya kwarara daga hydrogen cikin engine daki, a kan rufin wanda ya riga a kan wuta.

Kwanaki hudu ya zauna a wuraren aiki, kawar da sakamakon na nuclear hatsari da kuma tabbatar da lafiya aiki na farko uku nukiliya ikon raka'a. Daga m da radiation allurai na rayuwar Alexander Lelechenko ya mutu May 7, riga a cikin shekara karbi posthumous lakabi na Hero na Ukraine.

Gaskiya heroes - kashe gobara na nuclear

Ƙararrawa tãyar da masu gadi daga nuclear kashe gobara da kuma Pripyat, na farko na wanda ya isa a tashar 7 da minti bayan farkon karo. 28 mutane garzaya zuwa ga wuta-fada karkashin jagorancin Laftanal Vladimir da kuma Victor Pravik Kabenka. Dukansu shekaru 23 da haihuwa, amma su misali, sun kasance ga mayakan, bada sarari umarnin da suke inda mafi wuya. Total management zuwa babbar Telyatnikov, a karkashin umurnin wanda ya juya a kira su da 69 mutane da kuma 14 motocin. Kusan ba tare da kariya, tare da kawai safar hannu, kwalkwali da tufafinsu, zane, ba ta amfani saboda high zazzabi gas masks TRC-5, ga uku dare da rana kashe gobara, gafalallu ne daga cikin m radiation matakan.

By hudu karfe da safe da wuta da aka sarrafa zuwa shida da aka shãfe haskensu gaba daya. Rasa a yaki da wuta na sani, da yawa kashe gobara samu wani kashi na mutuwa na radiation da aka aiko domin magani a Moscow da Kiev. Na 13 mutane bi a 6th asibiti asibiti na babban birnin kasar, 11 suka mutu. Wanda ya zama uba a watan kafin da bala'i, daga gare su, Victor kuma Vladimir Kabenok Pravik. Likitoci suka ce cewa zaba Hanyar magani na Dr. Gale ba daidai ba ne. Farfesa Leonid Kindzelskomu a Kiev, to tambaya da kansa Hanyar magani, dukan marasa lafiya aka ceto. Uku kashe gobara Vladimiru Praviku, Victor kuma Leonid Kabenku Telyatnikov, aka bayar da suna Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Suka gudanar da tsira kawai karshen da aka ciyar da su da daraja na general.

Ma'aikatan kashe gobara - Heroes na Ukraine

Uku kashe gobara daga cikin na farko kama a karo site aka bayar da lakabi na Hero na Ukraine. Daga cikin su Vasily Ignatenko, 25-shekara ma'aikatan saja. Rayukansu wa saurayin da ja daga wuta na uku na 'yan'uwansu da suka yi bata sani daga fiddawa. Ya juna biyu, matar da aka ba su iya ceton 'yar samu radiation yayin da ziyartar mijinta a Moscow asibiti. Kashi ya m ga jarirai.

26-shekara Saje Nicholas Vashchuk da 23-shekara Nikolai Tytenok cikin wadanda tsĩrar Ignatenko. Amma duk su ƙaddara wa wannan rabo - ya mutu a asibiti. Dukansu yi aiki a kan babbar tsawo, da hana wuta daga yada zuwa uku iko. Wannan inda radiation matakin shi ne mafi girma. Heroes na nuclear bar wani m memory, kuma mafi - 'ya'ya biyu maza.

Wuta - Hero of Rasha

Wuta Chief da Tarayyar Soviet ma'aikatar harkokin Main Sashen Laftanar Kanar Vladimir Maksimchuk isa a chernobye nukiliya ikon shuka a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani gwamnatin hukumar. Ya yi da rabo daga cikin gubar wuta yãƙi a cikin dare na May 23. Game da wannan labarin na dogon lokaci shiru abinsa: da barazana da wani sabon fashewa da 4th reactor tashi bayan ƙonewa madauwari farashinsa da kuma high-ƙarfin lantarki igiyoyi. Ba kyale kashe gobara lissafin, tare da wani rukuni na m Kanar shiga scene na wuta. By saitin da mataki na hadari da kuma gano da matakin na radiation (250 roentgen awa), Vladimir Maksimchuk da kaina shirya ceto aiki, domin sanin da matsakaicin lokaci na zaman a kan ƙasa na wuta minti goma.

The wuta yãƙi zone musamman dabara da aka gabatar, da kuma fama lissafin canza kullum sanar da juna na sabon aukuwa. kwamandan kansa da kowane rukunin lokaci da kuma sake samu kansa a cikin wani hatsari batu, bauta a matsayin wani misali na sirri ƙarfin hali. Wannan shi ne kasar domin shekaru masu zuwa - da "asiri" feat. Heroes na nuclear sun zuwa lambobin yabo da arba'in wuta mayakan, karkashin jagorancin shugaban zai kasance a wani asibiti gado sanya ƙazanta. A shekarar 1994, yana da shekaru 46 da daraja na MVD Ciki Service Manjo Janar Vladimir Maksimchuk ya rasu yana da posthumously a 2003 bayar da muƙamin Hero na Rasha.

Su wane ne liquidators

Daya daga cikin shaidun farko, wanda ya tsallake cikin reactor bayan da hatsari, cikin sadarwarka ya dillancin labarai Igor Kostin. Ya ga wani hoto na jimlar kashi, kamar yadda idan bayan yakin makaman nukiliya. A sakamakon na nuclear hatsari - shi ne ba kawai a saki nukiliya man fetur, amma kuma a da karfi rediyoaktif samu a yankin na 200 dubu murabba'in kilomita. Smoldering ci gaba jħfa reactor rediyoaktif gas da kuma ƙura a cikin yanayi, dole ne a tsaya. Yana ba ware da yiwuwar wani biyu fashewa saboda hatsarin da cewa a karkashin reactor don crack a kankare slab, da kuma magma zai gama da ruwa.

Duk da haka, da hukumomi da mur da sakamakon da bala'i da farko wallafe bayyana a latsa kawai bayan 36 hours. Radiation girgije rubuta a Turai, da kuma cikakken sikelin- fitarwa mutane daga nan kusa yanki, wanda kuwa ya gangara a tarihi a matsayin wariya zone, ba tukuna fara. Mutane sun fara kai daga cikin radius na talatin kilomita bayan da ma'aunai sanya ta soja kungiyar na kanar Grebeniuk a Pripyat. Su ba kawai ya nuna a game da mummunan karuwa a radiation lokacin da rana, amma kuma gigice Cibiyar Atomic Energy cikakkar Figures. A radiation bango ya wuce halatta iyaka na 600 sau dubu!

A wurin da evacuees wanda ya bar kamuwa da yankin domin a mako, daga farko hours na da hadarin ya koro masana aiki a nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, soja raka'a. Daga baya da suka kasance sunã kira liquidators. 600 dubu mutane sun juyo ga kawar da sakamakon da hadari bayan kiran da shugaban kasar Gorbachev a talabijin bayan kwana 18 daga farkon na masifu.

sojojin feat

Kõwace isa ya kawar da sakamakon wannan hadari, yana da kyau wakilci, cewa shi ne nuclear. Heroes-liquidators shekaru daga baya bai yi nadama cewa suna da su tashi tsaye a kan ganuwa, maƙiyi - ionizing radiation. Duk da kiwon lafiya da matsaloli da kuma mutuwar abokai daga tsanani cututtuka. 100 dubu na su - su ne wakilan sojoji, ciki har da 600 helikofta pilot, zai yi duk abin da ya sa ƙararrawa shiru reactor. A cikin gwamnatin hukumar don kawar da sakamakon hada Academician VA Legasov wanda raya for amai da cakuda a cikin reactor core yashi, boric acid da gubar. A cikin sa'o'i 48 na aikin da muka fara, ga abin da mafi kyau helikofta matukin jirgi na da hannu, ciki har da soke dokar Afghanistan.

A matakin na radiation sama da reactor a 9 sau da kashi na mutuwa, da iska zazzabi a wata tsawo na mita 200 da aka 120-180 digiri. A karkashin yanayi na zafi iska da kuma rediyoaktif Hazard zuwa rayuwa sojoji danda hannun kika aika bags yin la'akari 80 kg, kuma Ya sanya har zuwa 33 matukan jirgi tasowa a rana, da zarar 5-6 a iya radiation X-haskoki. Sai da na ɗauki 6 ton daga cikin cakuda zuwa 35% don rage watsi da abubuwa masu haɗari m. Daga cikin helikofta matukin akwai Heroes na Tarayyar Soviet. Daya daga cikinsu - Nikolay Melnik, aka saukar da a cikin reactor daga tsawo shestisotkilogrammovuyu tube tare da aunawa da na'urorin koyi da yanayin tafiyar matakai a ciki domin kauce wa maimaita fashewar. Wannan filigree aiki gangara a tarihi karkashin sunan "Eagle".

ajiye sojoji

A liquidators na nuclear hatsari - ba wai kawai ta kwararru amma kuma tsohon jami'an da kuma sojojin dake da shekaru ashirin zuwa talatin, janyo hankalin zuwa soja zargin. All kusa da hudu reactor aka warwatse radiation man fetur. A mafi wuya abu graphite da rediyoaktif tarkace da za a cire daga cikin rufi, inda da yin amfani da yaro-. Amma za daji radiation matakan kawo saukar, don haka akwai bukatar jawo hankalin mutane. Wadannan heroes of nuclear gangara a tarihi a matsayin "biorobots". The aiki ya cire rediyoaktif abubuwa Manjo Janar Tarakanov, lasafta cewa ko da a cikin wani m kwat da wando da mutum ba zai iya zama a cikin radiation yanki na X-haskoki da 7000 fiye da arba'in seconds.

Don da zuba daga radioactive a biyu da manyan cokula, da wani saurayi da wata nauyi na 26-30 kg na kariya ga 2.5 makonni hau kan rufin, risking rayuwa da reshe. Igor Kostin Konstantin Fedotov kuma ya fadi maimaita ta kananan feat sau biyar. A matsayin lada, "biorobots" samu takardar shaidar da liquidator da sojojin lambar yabo da ɗari rubles. Bisa ga hasashen da likitoci, daya cikin biyar na wadannan yara za su mutu gabanin shekaru 40 da shekaru. The yaki tare da wani ganuwa maƙiyi ya ba ƙare kammala ayyuka a tsiyacewa na nuclear hatsari.

A yi na sarcophagus

Fiye da wani abu a cikin gaggawa tashoshin da ake bukata kwararru. Ma'aikatan kashe gobara hana sabon fashe, famfo fitar ruwan karkashin kankare slab na reactor, hakar gwal haƙa rami tsawon na 150 m daga uku naúrar don saita wurin sanyaya jam'iyya ta amfani da ruwa nitrogen, da kuma yanke ta injiniyoyi Kurchatovsky Cibiyar autogenous tsira bango domin sanin mataki na hatsari. Dukan ƙasar da ya hada su taimaka shafa yankunan, don ƙirƙirar da ainihin gaban-line halin da ake ciki. Yana da aka bude wani asusu don ba da gudummawa, wanda watanni shida samu 520 miliyan rubles. A karshe mataki na aiki a kan taming makamashin nukiliya ya zama gina wani m sarcophagus domin jana'izar "shan taba" reactor. Analogue na irin wannan abu ya kasance ba a cikin duniya, don haka wadanda suka tsara da kuma gina shi a cikin yanayi kusa da yãƙi, da real heroes of nuclear.

206 kwanaki ake bukata domin gina kankare dakile nauyi na 150 ton da kuma 170 mita. Lev Bocharov, daya daga cikin developers na abu, ya san da cewa mafi wuya shi ne cewa kowane daki-daki yana zuwa da za a tsara dabam don kauce wa ba dole ba jikkata. Nesa yi ya kai ga cewa, duk da kokarin da 90 dubu mutane, da yin amfani da babbar yawa daga karfe Tsarin da sumunti, a shekaru 28 da akwai wani auka na hinged bangarori da dama da ɗari mita. More flyover da helikofta a shekara ta 2007 da kuma radiation ma'aunai sun nuna cewa da ikon naúrar ne har yanzu a hatsarin. To, a yau aiwatar da wani sabon shiri "Tsari-2" tare da sa hannu na kasashen Turai da kuma Amurka.

30-kilometer yankin da shuka - ya rage wariya zone, inda mutane zaman babban mai hadari saboda rediyoaktif samu. Pripyat ya zama kiyaye abin tunawa daga cikin bala'i a 1986 shekara.

Heroes na nuclear sadaukar

Tashin hankalin da nuclear nuna duniya abin da zai iya faruwa idan makamashin nukiliya da ake samun daga iko. An tsananta aiwatar da makaman nukiliya kwance damarar yaki da kuma ya zama, a gaskiya, farkon karshen Tarayyar Soviet. Amma ko da ta nuna gamayyar kasa da kasa da ƙarfin hali da kuma heroism na talakawa mutane na daban-daban kasashe, hau kafada to kafada domin ceton al'adun Turai. Kashe kansa da shugaban jam'iyyar Kwaminis na Ukraine V. Scherbitsky bayar da tasu gudunmuwar ku ɓõye gaskiya sikelin da nuclear hatsari, ba zai iya tsira da bala'i na da masanin kimiyyar VA Legasov, jin da laifin kimiyya al'umma a cikin lamarin. Amma akwai wani abun jin kunya daga waɗanda suka zai rayu har abada a cikin tunanin mu, da na tagulla. Vyacheslav Kokubu a kan 25th tunawa da bala'i a Ukraine ya hada da song "Tsarki ya tabbata ga Heroes na nuclear", wanda yake magana da godiya "ga wadanda suka ajiye duniya daga bala'i, waɗanda suka sberog masa mutunci kuma uniform."

A Ukraine, kafa lambar "Hero na nuclear", wanda ya zuwa yanzu ya bayar da liquidators suka nuna kwarai ƙarfin hali a lokacin da wani wuya lokaci ga kasar nan. Uku da suka wuce, sakamakon samu a Kyrgyzstan likita Iskender Shayakhmetova a guje a ɗari mita daga naúrar, wanda ya cece rayuwar mutane da yawa. Amma a Kiev Cibiyar radiation Medicine har yanzu ke unequal gwagwarmaya tare da ganuwa maƙiyi ga rai na tsohon liquidators. By Farfesa Anatoly Chumak tafiya daga kowane lungu na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. A birane da yawa, Monuments ga m heroes of nuclear ya shafa, da yawa daga cikinsu suka mutu bayan shekaru daga kufan radiation cuta.