Hoto na Catherine 2. yana ruri Fedor Stepanovich hoto na Catherine II (photo)

Reform, kasashen waje da manufofin da ayyukan sojojin, wadda muhimmanci ƙarfafa Rasha ikon, ya bayyana Empress matsayin lawgiver kuma malama, hangen nesa, strategist, mai hikima siyasa kuma jami'in diflomasiyyar. Ba abin mamaki ba Sahaban, a cikin rãyuwar ta ciyo lambar yabo girma. Yana da gaske ne dauke da wani bajimi dattaku, duk da sukar da masu bincike game da ita halaye na kirki da kuma wani m ra'ayi a cikin sanarwar da serfdom.

A cikin idanu daga cikin mafi girma Masters lafiya art, ta bayyana a matsayin mai daraja, guda shiryayye, m, adalci da kuma Sarkin kursiyin. Hoto na Catherine 2 - a gani na da manufa monarch, domin ci gaba da kimiyya, da ilimi, al'adu da kuma tãyar da siyasa daraja na jihar.

A adadi daga cikin manyan empress: hanyar da mulki

Catherine aka haife kan 2 Afrilu 1729, asali shi ne wani purebred Jamus mace, a 'yan qasar na matalauta sarauta. A lokacin da ta goma sha huɗu, ya koma Rasha a cikin amarya ta Halin magaji zuwa kursiyin Peter III. Bayan shekaru biyu ya yarda Orthodoxy, kuma da aka bai wa matar nan gaba sarki.

Ko a cikin matasa Catherine sãɓã wa jũna kaifi wit, wayo kuma m, sauƙi nemi yin amfani da wasu don cimma burin su. Ta farin ciki tsunduma a cikin binciken kimiyya, mai yawa karatu da kuma kai-ƙware Rasha da kuma Faransa. Duk wannan ilimi a nan gaba ya da amfani a matsayin tushen nasara mulkinsa. Saboda haka za a fara samar da wani tarihi hoto na Catherine 2, babban fasali na abin da suke so sanda, ƙarfin hali, kishi, girman kai da kuma wayo. Ta yi biyu muhimmanci iyawa - da su kashe motsin zuciyarmu a cikin ni'imar rationalism da kuma sauƙi lashe janar juyayi.

Saboda haka, Catherine zare jiki da amincewa matsawa zuwa fadar kursiyin, cim ma wani juyin mulki watanni shida bayan da shela da Sarkin sarakuna Peter III kuma ƙarshe kifar da miji.

"Golden Age" na Catherine ta zamanin

Kuma ya zo cikin jirgin, da farka dauki jihar tsarin a cikin cikakkar devastation cewa spurred shi wajen samar da wani sabon sa na dokokin. A zuciya na "zinariya shekaru" na Ekaterina 2 ne a fili gani da wadannan:

1. The manufar "haskaka absolutism" kuma suka gyãru:

• gata ga nobility, da tabbatarwa daga ikon.

• tightening na serfdom.

• kafa na makaranta tsarin da guda shirin.

• ci gaban gida gwamnati a garuruwan;

• sashe tsarin na kotu.

2. harkokin waje da manufofin:

• kammala biyu lashe Rasha Turkish yaƙe-yaƙe,

• da nasara a kan Swedes.

• samun sabuwar ƙasar (ba-rana yankin Crimea, Dama-Bank Ukraine da Belarus) - 11 larduna na 50 data kasance a lokacin da aka cinye ta da yaki a lokacin mulkin na Empress.

• karfafa na kudancin kan iyakar, free cinikayya a cikin Black Sea.

• ingantattun matsayi a cikin Baltic yankin, da Caucasus da kuma Caucasus.

Historical hoto na Catherine 2 ba za a iya kawo a karkashin takamaiman stereotype: ga wasu shi ne - mai hikima m, don wasu - mai tanƙwasawa, amma a karshen muhimmancin ta Figures ga abubuwan da suka faru na tarihin duniya shine undeniable.

Catherine Leake 2: Hadisai Image

A cikin XVIII karni na ayyana biyu jinsin hadisai daga cikin manyan hotuna na Empress a Rasha art.

A farko da dangantaka da ta idealization, jaddada mafi kyau fasali da kuma halaye. Hoto na Catherine 2 aka dauke a cikin mahallin sarki daukaka, daukan kula da jama'arsa, bude makarantu, gudanar da sauye-sauye, masu tasowa, da art na kula game da ãdalci. Wannan dabarar samu ta gani a cikin picturesque Masterpieces Fedora Rokotova da Dmitriya Levitskogo.

Na biyu hadisin da kokarin "humanize" sarki bayyanar da cewa permeates hoto na Catherine 2 more son sha'awa launuka. A kan gaba wajen tufafin, ladabi, friendliness, da gãfara ga wasu shortcomings, ji na wajibi, karimci. Duk wannan abu ne mai sauƙi ga ganewar da artist a cikin ayyukan Vladimira Borovikovskogo.

Fedor Stepanovich yana ruri: ransa

A sanannun Rasha artist aka haife shi a kauyen Vorontsov. Harufan ilimi godiya ga goyon bayan da L.-ZH. Le Lorrain da P. de Rotary. Ya ƙware da kayan yau da kullum na zane-zane, a cikin Rococo style. Kuma a shekarar 1960, sai aka shigar da shi Petersburg Academy of Arts karkashin tsari na zama majiɓinci II Shuvalov. Bayan shekaru biyar, ya aka bayar da lakabi na Academician. A karshen 1766-th ya koma Moscow, inda ya ci gaba da aiki a kan halittar sabon zane-zane. Ya aiki da aka katse a watan Disamba 1808.

m al'adunmu

Fedor Stepanovich yana ruri Mãdalla da portraitist, ya ratsa zurfi a cikin yanayi da ya sãɓã, m kisa. By farkon '60s aka riga mutunta matsayin gwani master, shaida wannan shi ne domin wani hoto na Catherine 2. Shi ne mai real amincewa da artist ta iyawa. Bayan na farko da aikin rubuta Rokotov a kan shigarwa na Empress a kan karaga, bi da wani biyu - rabin tsawon hoto mai girma mace cewa ta kasance mai farin, ta kwatanta shi a matsayin "mafi kama".

Bayan wadannan Masterpieces Rokotoff goge ne Peter III hotuna cesarevitch Paul II manyansu Shuvalov, Count Orlov, Count Struyskogo da matarsa, kazalika da yawa wasu fitattun mutane na zamanin da Catherine Mai girma.

A mafi nasara a filin daga portraiture

A 1763, lokacin da sa kambi bikin da aka gudanar a cikin girmamawa da zuwan mulkin kursiyin, aka rubuta m hoto na Catherine 2. yana ruri aka bayar da wannan m manufa.

Empress image an sake ta artist da basira: m snow-fari fuska, karfi da-so ra'ayi, m gestures. The mace a ganiya na da kyau, da real farka! Ta tabbaci compresses sandan a hannunsa, ya nuna shi wajen fasa Bitrus I, a kan abin da za ka iya ganin rubutu: "fara aikatãwa ne." A hade da azurfa palette dress da kuma daraja ja inuwa labule ya jaddada muhimmanci na musamman na adadi, artfully wanda aka nuna a kan zane.

Na biyu hoto na Catherine 2 yana ruri halitta ta amfani da profile hanya, wanda shi ne mai rare sabon abu ga rubutu portraiture. Amma shi ya ba da farka daga wani manufa hali. Manzon Allah Sallallahu fasali, m hali, a wasu aiwatar a cikin gestures da da trappings na iko da arziki drapery - da ake so sakamako aka samu.

Hoton na priestess

Dmitri Grigor'evich Levitsky hoto na Catherine 2 halitta ta amfani da wani alama ne na adalci da ãdalci. Ta girman bayyana matsayin majalisar, priestess, wanda yake a cikin Haikali daga allahiya Themis. Lady na kuna a kan bagaden a matsayin wata ãyã daga hadaya poppies mallaki zaman lafiya ga kowa da kyau. A ta kai maimakon fadar kambi - kambi na Laurel. A adadi na sarki alkyabbar ado da da Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, kintinkiri kuma a gicciyen St. Vladimir, wanda shi ne mai wasiya ga ta musamman isa yabo da Fatherland. Levitsky hoto na Catherine 2 ya kara da cewa wani sa na dokokin a ƙafafunta kuma zaunar da ku a kan su gaggafa - wata alama ce karfin da jami'an tsaro. Kan bango na m m jiragen ruwa - Manzon ci gaba na jihar.

Ko a fi'ili bayanin mai hoto na Catherine 2 misalta shi a matsayin wani manufa mai mulki, tirelessly kula game da kasarsu.

bugu sentimentalism

Fata gabatar da Great Empress a wani m hanya, to jaddada halitta sauƙi, Allaha a cikin ƙirjinka daga yanayi, wani sananne artist Vladimir Borovikovsky Vertical na Catherine 2 halitta a cikin hanyoyi biyu. Daya - a kan bango na Cesme ginshikan, na biyu - a kan bango na Cahul obelisk.

Wannan aikin da aka rubuta ba daga yanayi, tufafi Empress marubucin shirya kai ga ta kyamara-Frau, amma artist da haka sau da yawa iya duba Catherine yayin tafiya. Daga cikin sakamakon da yake aiki Borovikovsky ni'ima bai zo, saboda hoto ya hoto na wani tsofaffi mace wanda aka tafiya tare da sandarsa a kan Park a wani emphatically na yau da kullum tufafin. Ga mai mulkin da aka wakilta shi ne ba a aljanna, amma talakawa mallaki gidaje, ba tare da pathos da bukukuwan kayayyakin aiki.

Amma duk da haka ba kawai zane-zane Fedora Rokotova da Dmitriya Levitskogo, Vladimir Borovikovsky amma ana fāɗin duniya gane Masterpieces cewa mafi kyau characterizes ainihi daga cikin farka na Rasha kursiyin.