Igor Grabar, zanen "Rime" - daya daga cikin wurare masu kyau na zane na Rasha

A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, kowa ya san wanda Igor Grabar yake. Hoton "Marin Maris" ya saba da litattafan. Fice Rasha artist, sanannen restorer da talented art lambar yabo ga biyu-girma monograph game Ile Repine Stalin Prize, Igor Emmanuilovich aka ƙaunar da yawa domin na musamman da kuma sosai kyawawan wurare na Rasha yanayi.

Rasha artist haife waje

Mahaifinsa memba na Austria majalisar, haka nan gaba m singer na Rasha yanayi Grabar (hoto "The Fabrairu Azure" - sarari hujja) da aka haife shi a Budapest. An yi masa baftisma a Orthodoxy, kuma 'yarsa shi ne kawu daga shahararren dan kasar Rasha Kustodiev, wanda daga bisani zai rubuta wani hoto mai suna Igor Emmanuilovich. A 1880 Olga Grabar ya kawo ɗanta zuwa Rasha. Ya halarci motsa jiki a Yegoryevsk, lardin Ryazan. Bayan haka zinare ne na zinariya don karatun a Moscow Lyceum na Tsarevich Nicholas (1889), jami'in lauya na Jami'ar St. Petersburg, ya kammala karatunsa a 1893, da kuma maɓallin ainihin rayuwar rayuwarsa. I. E. Grabar, wanda zanensa "Balustrade" (1901) ya bayyana shi a matsayin mai basira da asali, ya zama mai zane. A lokutan rayuwar Petersburg, ya ziyarci taron bitar Ilya Repin, wanda ya zama gumaka don rayuwa, tare da Andrei Rublev. Tare da shi a lokaci guda a Jami'ar Harkokin Kasuwancin Rasha ta nazarin Malyavin, Bilibin, Somov.

Samun

A shekara ta 1895, dan wasan ya bar Italiya kuma ya kara zuwa Turai. A cikin Rasha, Grabar ya dawo a 1901, kuma kyakkyawan yanayin Rasha ya buɗe a gabansa a sabon hangen zaman gaba. Mai zane-zane ya yi ƙoƙari ya nuna ikon da ya yi masa da damuwa ta hanyar taru da dama - "White Winter", "Maris Maris".

"Fabrairu Azure"

Wannan taron shine zane, wanda a cikin 1904 ya rubuta Igor Grabar, "Fabrairu Azure." Hoton yana cike da shayari na musamman, wanda ke sauti cikin waƙoƙin Boris Pasternak "Fabrairu. Samun tawada kuma kuka! Don rubuta game da sojan Fabrairu ". Kuma Grabar ya rubuta hotunansa, ya yi kuka. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi recognizable zane-zane, shi ne - daya daga cikin wadanda zane-zane da cewa haifar da marubucin ya nasu suna. Mai zane-zanen da kansa ya yi farin ciki da wannan aikin, wanda ya nuna rana, lokacin hunturu a wuraren unguwannin. A cikin farin ciki da ke rufe hotunan, akwai hasken haske na bazara.

Na fentin mashahuriyata a Dugino. Don canja wurin da nesa itatuwa a kan sararin sama, da kuma babbar taro na iska da na Azure sama, Grabar zabi kwana kamar yadda idan wani kadan a kasa, domin wanda ya yi haƙa mai wuriyar a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, da kuma a can ya sa easel. Mai zane ya ji cewa idan ya iya sarrafawa a kalla wasu daga cikin kyawawan abin da yake gani, zane mai kyau zai fita.

Ƙarya na hoton yana da ban mamaki. Bishiyoyi sunyi alama su jagoranci zagaye na zagaye na tsakiyar birch, itacen da ya fi so. Girman hoton yana da 104 cm a tsawo kuma 80 cm a nisa. Ya kasance da kyau cewa majalisar ta Tretyakov ta samu ta nan da nan. Wannan aiki ne har zuwa wannan rana daya daga cikin manyan kayan aikinsa. Zaka iya ƙara cewa zane yana da xari daga cikin mafi kyaun zane a duniya.

Winter, sun, birch, hoarfrost ...

Wata mahimmanci, wanda Grabar ya halitta, shine "Rime", hoton 1905. Idan ya rubuta shi kadai, zai kasance a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa, kuma a cikin litattafai akan zane. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin waɗannan zane-zanen da ba su bar kowa ba. Yana daukaka kyawawan halaye na musamman na yanayin musamman na Rasha kuma a kanta tana nuna abin da zane zane na Rasha.

Mafi yawancin Grabar suna son zuwan hunturu, musamman dusar ƙanƙara. Ya yi imanin cewa, tare da wucewar hunturu, wuri mai faɗi ya rasa yawa. A ganin itatuwan da aka rufe da hoarfrost, kusan ko da yaushe kuma akwai kwatanta da tarihin: "Duk bishiyoyi a cikin sanyi, kamar azurfa, kamar wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo yanzu a cikin filin ..." Kuma kowa ya san sautin Yesenin game da azurfa a birch. Dukan kyawawan dabi'u na yanayi, wanda ake kira da dama daga mawallafin mawaƙa masu yawa, an nuna su a wannan aikin na musamman. Grabar, wanda aka zana zane-zane don hunturu, ya zana wani sanyi, wanda "ya haskaka da rayuwa mai ban mamaki". Ya yi imanin cewa a yanayi akwai 'yan kadan irin wannan yanayi na yau da kullum kamar sanyi a rana mai dadi, kuma suna da ban mamaki. Haske yana canzawa sau da yawa, yana samar da sababbin tsarin launi na musamman.

Shi da kansa ya kira rassan da aka rufe da hoarfrost, lu'u-lu'u lu'u-lu'u, yana yada dukkan launuka akan "turquoise enamel na sama." A kan zane girman 122.4 x 160.3 duk abin da ke sama an isar da karfi mai girma. Dole ne in ce, cewa hunturu shimfidar I. Grabar - mafi kyau a Rasha art, musamman da "Rime". Winter, da rana, da kyau Birch, wata alama ce Rasha da kuma Rasha yanayi, da tsayi, lush foliage, silvered kuma kamar ringing. Rassan su suna nuna blue, blue da violet a kan dusar ƙanƙara. Kiyaye suna farin ciki kuma suna alfahari da kyawawarsu. A cikin wannan aikin duk abu ne mai ban mamaki, yana damuwa da gigice mai kallon. An rubuta man fetur, ƙananan sifa (rarraba), hotunan ya sanya mu magana game da marubucin a matsayin wanda ya kafa ra'ayin Rasha. An ajiye zane a cikin Yaroslavl Art Museum.

Grabar yana da nau'i daban-daban da wannan sunan, kuma dukansu suna da kyau, amma aikin 1905 ya fi sauran. Da zarar sun kira Birch Grabar, tare da abin da ba a kwatanta ba. Yawancin duka, a bayyane yake, ma'anar "itacen allahntaka" ya dace da ita.

"... Ma'anar Yesenin, kusan Littafi Mai Tsarki ..."

Wani hoto na wannan zane-zane ya halicce shi tare da dukan canons na Impressionism. Wannan shine "Marin Maris" na 1904. A nan, kamar yadda a kan tsoffin canvases na baya, dusar ƙanƙara wadda ta rinjaye rayukan mawaka na daukaka har abada a karkashin rana. Wannan yana nuna inuwa da yanayin kewaye, wanda za'a iya fitowa ta kowane tabarau na shuɗi, mai laushi, da lilac. Marubucin yaudara na Rasha ana daukar kwayar cutar daidai daidai: yana da damuwa, amma dusar ƙanƙara baya tunanin yashi. A wannan yanayin, sauyin yanayin yanayi yana jin jiki, duk da sanyi.

A kan zane yana nuna wani yarinya mai ɗauke da buckets na ruwa a kan rocker. Yana da alama cewa al'amuran yankunan karkara ne - gine-gine, da bishiyoyin da ba su da dusar ƙanƙara, wanda bishiyoyi zasu bayyana, mace mai gaggawa, wadda ta karfafa ta sanyi. Amma babban hali na zane ne snow. Ba zato ba ne, kamar a cikin hunturu, ba dusar ƙanƙara ba ne, amma har yanzu yana da yawa. Ya kasance a gefen wannan hoton, inda aka watsar da sutura masu haske. Zane yana cike da fara'a. Hoton yana da kasa da aka bayyana a sama - kawai 80 x 62 cm An adana shi a cikin Tretyakov Gallery.

Kowace mazaunan kasarmu sun san kyawawan wurare na yanayin Rasha na gogaggen irin waɗannan masarufi kamar Savrasov, Vasiliev, Shishkin, Levitan. Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, 'Yan Siyasa na Rasha, wanda aka ba da kyautar suna "Abubuwan Da aka Yi" daga tsohon dan wasan Soviet, ya ci gaba da ci gaba da zama mai daraja. Tunanunsa na farko sunyi kyau, amma kwastan da aka rubuta a zamanin Soviet ba mafi muni ba ne. Mai rairayi na hunturu mai sanyi da farkon lokacin bazara, Grabar kuma a karkashin sabuwar tsarin jihar ya kasance babban mai zane.