Industry Latvia: Textiles, da tufafi, da amber kama kifi. Riga karusa Works. masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci

Mutane da yawa ko ta yaya unreasonably yi imani da cewa Latvia - a kasar wanda shi ne kusan kome da aka samar. Eh, da rashin alheri, bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, wannan kananan Baltic Power ya samu mai tsanani tattalin arziki da rikicin saboda da rata daidai gyara shekaru na tattalin arziki da kuma masana'antu dangantakar da sauran tsohon Soviet jamhuriyoyin. A zamanin yau, duk da haka, ya riga ya yiwuwa a bayyana tare da amincewa: da Latvian masana'antu ne da rai kuma ko da nuna alamun girma. Wannan batu muka dubi mafi girma, daki-daki a cikin labarin.

Abinci da kuma Textiles

Haske da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci - wadannan ne duniyoyin na kasa tattalin arzikin da Latvian jihar, wanda a hankali ya kara da gudun a cikin 'yan shekaru. Na'am, wannan tsari ne ba kamar yadda azumi kamar yadda iya da za a so, amma masu kuzarin kawo cikas shi ne har yanzu tabbatacce, kuma Riga knitwear fara da za a aiwatar ba kawai a cikin ƙasa na Latvia, amma kuma a cikin wasu kasashe na duniya.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa abinci da abin sha saki samar da kwata na duk kasar ta jimlar kudin shiga. A daidai wannan lokaci mafi sau da yawa a Stores, za ka iya ganin gida kayayyakin da aka shigo da baya daga kasashen waje. Abinci Services Latvia a kasuwannin gida da aka wakilta irin manyan 'yan wasa: Rīgas piena kombināts, Dobeles dzirnavnieks, Antaris, Rīgas dzirnavnieks, Aloja-starkelsen, Cido grupa, Balticovo, Puratos, Spilve.

Aiki a Latvia a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da aka fi mayar da hankali a kan ci fitarwa na cuku, man shanu, madara, gwangwani kifi, 'ya'yan itace da Berry shirye-shirye, pickles, hatsi da kuma nama kayayyakin, confectionery, giya da kuma taushi yanã shã. Duk wannan ya zo ko a cikin Amurka, Afirka ta Kudu, United Arab Emirates. Bugu da kari, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia ne na yau da kullum tãrẽwa ne a cikin yi kayayyakin abinci.

Amma ga haske masana'antu, da most kamfanin a Latvia cikin wannan kashi na tattalin arziki, a ka'ida, babu. A togiya ne kawai Lauma factory. A cewar masana, da yadi masana'antu na samar da game da 4% na kasar masana'antu samun kudin shiga. Duk da haka, na gida masu kera sun nanata cewa, sun iya muhimmanci ƙara ƙara da kayayyakin, amma akwai wani m karancin aiki da kuma basira. A mafi yawan sanannun kamfanoni su ne Stora Enso Latvija, Verems, Gaujas koks, Pata AB, BSW, Latsin.

An ɓangare daga cikin yadi iya kira batun na kyau kamfai, inganci da zane na wanda aka nuna yabo sosai a duniya da yawa nune-nunen a Turai da kuma a cikin Rasha Federation. Designers na Latvia ya sami karbuwa a kasashen duniya, tun da sun sukan da hannu a wani iri-iri da yawa nuni da tufafi. Riga knitwear gane da yawa duniya abokan ciniki tare da high quality kayayyakin.

A rarrabe daga cikin Refayawa na dinki Latvia shi ne cewa su da sauri gudanar da wani umarni. Wannan ya yiwu ne saboda gaskiyar cewa da shuka yana amfani da fasahar zamani: Laser yankan yadudduka, yankan daga gajere da kuma batun hana ruwa yadudduka.

Saki takarda da itace kayayyakin

Latvia kuma yana da masana'antu a tsarinta da ikon yinsa, daga cikin cellulose. Wannan masana'antu na samar da kudin shiga ga jihar kasafin kudin a cikin adadin 2% na dukan girma daga cikin data kasance m yanayi. Duk da irin wannan low kudi, Latvian bugu nuna cewa shi ne mai matuƙar m, a cikin duniya kasuwar. Yanzu akwai ya kasance, wani alhẽri Trend: Latvian masana'antun takarda zuwa sabon Heights, jere daga sayar da kayayyakin tsabtace muhalli ba kawai a cikin makwabtaka da Nordic kasashe, amma kuma a yammacin kusurwa na Turai nahiyar.

Chemical masana'antu

Wannan shi ne shugabanci na tattalin arzikin ya bada kusan 3% na jimlar samuwa fitarwa iko. Latvian jamhuriyar samar da fadi da kewayon iyali sinadarai da kuma masana'antu gas. Tsanani rawar da aka buga da samar da man shuke-shuken. A mafi muhimmanci da mahalarta a cikin wannan kashi na kasuwar za a iya daukan matsayin Riga Paint factory, Tenachem, Bio-Venta, Stenders. A kasar ta samar da Paints, priming kayan, glues - duk wannan ƙãga 14 Enterprises a Latvia. Har ila yau, da sinadaran jihar na kamfanin samar da kayayyakin kankare, yumbu fale-falen, gypsum kayayyakin.

A Latvian Cibiyar musamman nazarin inorganic sunadarai cewa ba da damar su zo da cin gaban high-zazzabi kira zuwa samu a sakamakon nanopowders.

pharmacology

Real "Titans" da masana'antu suna dauke su kamfanin Olainfarm un Grindeks. Su kayayyakin za a iya sauƙi samu a wani kantin magani a kasar. A lokaci guda a kan su sheqa fara rayayye kai farmaki Silvanols kamfanin. Pharmaceutical deducts jihar baitul wani adadin daidai 2.5% na shekara-shekara girma.

Haka ma wata babbar m kwayoyin kira masana'antu dauke Cibiyar. A cewar kwararru, da Pharmaceutical masana'antu domin mafi yawan bangare zaba ci gaban dabarun, dangane da shugabanci na low hadarin (ci gaba da kuma halittar Generic kwayoyi da kuma abinci Additives).

Musamman hankali ya kamata a Silvanols sha'anin, kwarewa a samar da maras sayen magani magunguna, wadda ake bisa na musamman ƙunshi halitta sinadaran. Ba za mu iya watsi da kamfanin Pharmidea, wanda ya fitar bakararre injectable siffofin.

Idan aka ambata a kayyade karatu a Latvia a cikin wannan shugabanci suna da za'ayi a cikin wani fili, daya ma iya ce m daidai da dokokin kasar. All sababbin abubuwa za a iya rijista sa'an nan sami daidai lamban kira a Patent Office na Jamhuriyar.

kai

Kai Enterprises a Latvia suna sosai raya ta hanyar da-shirya dabaru jihar. Isa har zuwa 25 da miliyan abokan ciniki a duk na Baltic yankin na iya zama kamar yadda kadan ne 48 hours. Nazarin ya nuna cewa a kan dogo hanya hõrarru daga Riga zuwa China, za ka iya fitar da wata daya da sauri fiye da a kan guntu teku hanya. Kuma daga Riga Airport za a iya isa kusan ɗari. Maki a duniya taswira, da kuma jiragen suna da za'ayi ba kawai a Turai amma kuma a fadin Atlantic.

Tashoshin jiragen ruwa kamar Ventspils da Liepaja, kada daskare ko in winter, wanda ya ba su damar da za su yi da danyen man fetur da kuma man fetur kayayyakin ko'ina cikin shekara. Bugu da kari, wadannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa kafa musamman tattalin arziki zones ga samuwar sharadi gwargwado ga harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari. Mika wuyansu amfani da wadannan teku ƙofofin ne cewa suna da wata babbar m a cikin nau'i na undeveloped yankunan.

Har ila yau, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia juna kasa da kasa kai corridor kira da Via Baltica. A fifiko yankunan su ne ci gaba da kuma yi dabaru cibiyoyin da rarraba kai gudana, masana'antu Parks.

Roba da kuma roba

Masana'antu a Latvia, wato da ikon yinsa, daga samar da roba da kuma roba kayayyakin, da aka mayar da hankali a kan sun fi mayar gida masu amfani da, saboda babban mataki na aiki da magina. Yana zai tunanin mutuntaka a lura cewa wannan masana'antu ne kawai da daya, da yake iya cikakken saduwa da bukatun cikin gida da abokan ciniki, don haka yana yiwuwa ya ki shigo cikin wannan shugabanci. Roba da kuma roba damar yin taskar Powers 2.3% na jimlar girma na mai shigowa tsabar kudi.

Mafi fi sanin Enterprises ne Evopipes, Rotons, Poliurs, Baltijas gumijas fabrika, Sunningdale Tech, Fedak-Films, HGF Riga.

Bayani da fasahar sadarwa

Wannan bangare na tattalin arzikin da Latvia ta fara aiki ci gaba a 1960 ta. Sai a wannan lokaci ya bude Cibiyar ilimin lissafi da kuma Computer Science, kazalika da Cibiyar Electronics. By da World Wide Web, Latvia da aka alaka a shekarar 1992. Bisa ga Jamhuriyar Latvia a 2016 yana daga cikin goma kasashen da suke cikin mafi girma da sauri Internet connection, da kuma sabis da kanta ne samuwa zuwa 90% na mutanen da ke yankin.

Babban subsectors na kasar bayanai kansu za a iya daukarsa software ci gaba, da dama hannu aikace-aikace, biyan bashin tsarin, da arziki na hosting, da samuwar e-kasuwanci.

} Ididdigar ce a shekarar 2015 a cikin bayanai rabi daga cikin kasar fiye da 6,000 kamfanonin da hannu. A daidai wannan lokaci ne kawai 114 daga cikinsu suka tsunduma a daidai Manufacturing kwamfuta kayan aiki. Yawan mutanen da aiki a cikin IT-Sphere amounted zuwa fiye da 28 000 mutane. Duk da haka, babban kasuwanci abokan na Latvia cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama ne Sweden da kuma Malta.

A wannan Baltic jamhuriyar daga cikin mafi used e-ciniki sabis ne online banki, saboda ya da yawa Latvian bankuna sun samu kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin aikinsu.

Har ila yau, kasar alkawarin shugabanci shi ne halittar hannu aikace-aikace da kuma lantarki shirin ga gwamnatin, da Ma'aikatar Lafiya, da} ananan hukumomi.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012 IT-Center da aka bude a cikin Riga, babban manufar halittar abin da yake su ba da dama ga familiarize tare da sabon nasarori na kansu duk comers. Wannan ma'aikata ya riga ya ziyarci mai girma yawan mutane, ciki har da gwamnatin wakila daga wasu ƙasashe.

Metalworking kayan

Masana'antu a Latvia ne mai wuya ba tare da inji aikin injiniya da kuma ƙarfe aiki. Wannan bangare na tattalin arzikin da ya fi alamar rahama a kasar, tun da shi zuba jari da yawa kamfanonin ketare.

m fasahar amfani a masana'antu, duk da haka, game da gargajiya da hanyoyin ma ba manta. Don kwanan Latvian kamfanoni sun restructured tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa kafa samar da fitarwa-daidaitacce kayayyakin.

Fiye da 2015 aikin injiniya da kuma karfe bai bayyana cikin taskar 1.1 biliyan Tarayyar Turai, yayin da a shekara ta 2016 wannan adadi ya riga ya kai 3.3 biliyan. Fiye da kashi 70% na samarwa kasashen waje. Babban amfani da su ne: Estonia, Rasha, Jamus, Sweden, Denmark.

Dogon lokacin da kwangila an sanya hannu da kuma sana'a godiya a sashi da cewa mafi yawan ingancin takardun shaida bayar da ISO 9000 Latvian kamfanoni.

Shi ya cancanci musamman da hankali Riga karusa Works. Yana da aka kafa a shekarar 1985 ta Oscar Freyvirtom. Kamfanin qware a samar da wutar lantarki da kuma dizal jiragen kasa, birni streetcars. Bugu da kari, da shuka ne da za'ayi kuma gyara daga jirgin kayan aiki. Duk da haka, da rashin alheri, a cikin 1997, na almara kamfanin da aka ayyana fatara da kuma da dukiya da sayar kashe. Yau da shuka aiki sake, kuma ta dizal jirgin kasa DR1B an gane a matsayin mafi kyau samfurin da aka fitar dashi daga Latvia a shekarar 2005.

Wood da gandun daji

Aiki a Latvia gandun daji Enterprises ne, a gaskiya, da jama'a sabis, saboda game da 50% na kasar gandun daji - jihar dukiya da kuma iko da su. A baya shekaru 80 da gandun daji a yankin kasar ta ƙara kusan sau biyu. Latvian gandun daji ne a mafi matsayi idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashen duniya ta gandun daji, saboda su janar yanayin kyau kwarai, kuma plantations yankin ya karu a kai a kai.

Game da 75% na kayayyakin a kan tushen da itace da aka fitar dashi. A shekarar 2015, kudaden shiga daga sayar da itace kayayyakin da albarkatun kasa amounted zuwa biliyan 2 Tarayyar Turai. Bugu da kari ga kaya maras amfani da kuma rajistan ayyukan, fara ƙara da girma na fitar da kayayyakin da kwali, takarda, marufi na itace, yi kayan.

Babban abokan ciniki da masana'antu ne United Kingdom, Jamus, Sweden, wanda ya saya kaya daga Avoti SWF kamfanonin, Daiļrade koks, Eliza-K, Pinus GB, da sauransu.

Kayan ado kayayyakin da kayan shafawa

Kayan ado Sphere a Latvia ne ma da ci gaba. Hadisai na Latvian Masters kiyaye wannan rana. Koyi haka bakin ciki case iya zama a cikin Latvian Academy of Arts, makarantu a Ventspils, Kraslava, Jelgava. Amber kayan ado daga tekun na Baltic Sea da musamman farashin da aka ɗaukaka rated a wani kwararren yanayi da kuma masu amfani da. Bayan hadari a tekun kudu na Ventspils a Latvia gaskiya masoya na kayan ado sosai sau da yawa tattara wannan dutse mai daraja. A general, tarihi gudanar ta hanyar Latvia Amber Road daga Baltic Sea zuwa Roma. Bugu da kari, amber kayan ado a kasar suna amfani da a samar da na'urorin haɗi da Textiles.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa a cikin wannan Baltic jamhuriyar gida quite da dama high-karshen kayan ado sana'a da suka ci gaba da daraja hadisai na kakanninsu.

Musamman labarin ne ya cancanci kayan shafawa "Dzintars". Wannan kamfanin ne tushen a cikin Riga. Ta sana'a ne halittar turare, ganye sinadaran, kayan shafawa. The tawagar ma'aikata game da 400 mutane.

A lokacin daga 1998 zuwa 2004, kamfanin sake tsarafa, ta hanyar abin da samu takardar shaidar daga Jamus auditing kamfanin. The m ya dade yana da takardun gaskatãwa ingancin da kayayyakin - ISO 14001, ISO 9001 da kuma ISO / IEC 17025. Bugu da kari, kamfanin aka bayar da babbar kyauta The World dukiyar ilimi Organization. Kuma a 2010, "Dzintars" masana samu kasa da kasa Ecocert lasisi.