Irin dankali a Belarus: farkon, Medium farkon, tsakiyar kakar wasa, srednepozdnie, title, description, yawan aiki

A Belarus dankalin turawa namo fara ne a cikin biyu da rabi na XVIII karni. Kamar yadda tarihi data, da bukatar da ta yi girma a hankali a hankali, kuma ta hanyar da farkon na XIX karni da dankalin turawa ya widest watsa. amfanin gona yankin girma cikin sauri. By tsakiyar XIX karni, da dankalin turawa zama babban hanyar samun kudin shiga Belarushiyanci gonaki. A samfurin da aka fitar dashi zuwa Rasha, Jamus, da Baltic kasashen. Yau Belarus ne mai daraja bakwai wuri daga cikin mafi girma da kaya na dankali a kasuwannin duniya.

Belarushiyanci dankalin turawa Asiri na nasara

A cewar masana, ci gaban da dankalin turawa a Belarus za a iya bayyana ta:

• m gona da yanayin damina.
• gaban dogon hadisi a cikin samfurin na namo.
• wani babban mataki ne na kimiyya support.
• Fasaha kayan aiki da tushe.
• zurfi sanin Agronomists.
• m Gwargwadon wuri, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da nasara sayar da samfurin.

aikin shayarwa

New iri da aka janye saboda da Belarushiyanci Research Institute for Dankali. Sun zo a cikin daban-daban kungiyoyin na ripeness kuma da daban-daban dalilai. Musamman a manyan yawa da aka janye farkon da Medium farkon iri na Belarushiyanci dankalin turawa kiwo.

Su ne sosai mashahuri a cikin masu Aljanna, kamar yadda suka ba da damar samun wani amfanin gona a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. Yana da sauki a tattara a kakar uku da dankalin Turawa da amfanin gona, maimakon jira marigayi-maturing irin mafi surkulle.

New iri dankali a Belarus da cikakken hadu duniya misali da bukatun.

Dankali iri ne:

• Farkon. A tsawon lokaci da girma da kuma ciyayi da suka short. Shuka tushen a farkon watan Afrilu. Girbe a 2 months. A downside na irin wannan ne cewa shiryayye rayuwa shi ne takaice.
• Medium farkon. Suna kasa da conserved da whimsicality. Ciyayi lokacin yana 60-80 kwanaki.
• Shin tsakiya. Mafi na kowa irin. Girbe a farkon watan Agusta. Duration ciyayi ne daga 80 zuwa 100 days. Wadannan iri ne mafi mashahuri, kamar yadda kyau kiyaye da da kyau kwarai da dandano.
• Srednepozdnie. Su ne unpretentious. Wadannan iri za a sha wahala hunturu ajiya. Ƙarin germination ba bukata. Duration ciyayi ne tsakanin 100 zuwa 120 days.

Belarushiyanci Research Institute for Dankali

Cibiyar da aka bude a 1956. Don wannan rana, da dankalin turawa, iri a Belarus ya nuna ta masana. Domin duk lokacin da na zama na Cibiyar samu 100 shayarwa na sabon iri. Kafin ka fara dasa wani sabon nau'in, shi ne gwada har shekara uku. A rikodin ga masana kimiyya ya zama shekara ta 1970 lokacin da Belarushiyanci irin "tempo" da "Loshitsa" da aka dasa tare da kwata na sarari na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. Last samu a cikin ra'ayi na Cibiyar kira "manifesto".

A halin yanzu, Lab yana da fiye da dubu 100 da sabon samfurin samfurori. Selection gwaje-gwaje za a gudanar domin shekaru 12, sa'an nan kuma zabi mafi kyau iri-iri. A cewar wannan makirci, da selection ne da za'ayi a Belarus tun 1927.

A sauyin yanayi ya canja a cikin past 20 shekaru a Belarus. Tun da farko dankali saukowa fara May 5. Yanzu shi a fara 2 makonni a baya. Saboda haka akwai bukatar don ƙirƙirar sabon iri saba da high yanayi zazzabi.

Mene ne sabon iri da muke sa ran?

Universal iri dankali a Belarus ba za a halitta. Masana kimiyya sun qaryata wannan ra'ayin. Duk da haka, su ne a ganina ba kadai. Wannan tayin ba a dauke da masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya.

Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa Belarushiyanci masana kimiyya iri domin aiki. An riga an yi sa ne da dankalin turawa kiwo, wanda ya dace domin samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Akwai wani aiki aiki a kan halittar tushen ga fries.

Gaba daya sabon shugabanci - dankalin turawa kau aiki ba tare da pre-dumama. Yau, masana'antun fuskanci zabi ci gaba da samfurin a zazzabi na 8 C °, da inhibiting da girma hanawa ko don ajiya a karkashin mafi kyau duka yawan zafin jiki ga tushen 2-4C °. A wannan yanayin, kafin aiki dankali kamata a mai tsanani a zazzabi na 14-18S ° kan wani mako biyu. Wannan rage sugar content. Belarus masana tambaya kowane kokarin haifar da irin wannan aji cewa bukatar ajiya a zazzabi na 2-3S ° ba tare da dumama.

Ƙoƙari ya haifar da nasara da dankalin turawa transgenic iri suna ba da lashe

Amma ƙoƙarin haifar da irin dankali a Belarus, ba batun kayar Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, ba tukuna kasance nasara. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da kwaro ne iya daidaita ko da transgenic dankalin turawa, samar da mai guba abubuwa. Mutane da yawa cibiyoyin na duniya daina aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci, la'akari da shi da ma'ana.

Babban shugaban da dankalin turawa kiwo sashen a Cibiyar Dankali Girma na Belarus Vadim Mihanko da'awar cewa shi ne resistant ga dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro ba ya wanzu. A saukowa da aka yi a cikin irin wannan hanya kamar yadda su hana kwaro don amfani da sabon aji. A saboda wannan dalili, 80% aka dasa transgenic dankalin turawa, gauraye da 20% na al'ada. Masana kimiyya gudanar da wani gwaji. Su ragu kawai transgenic dankali, wanda Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro da aka sanya. 98% na kwari aka kashe da kuma 2% tsira da yawaita. A ƙarshe shi ne cewa a cikin bin wani maganin guba masana kimiyya bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban sabon nau'in na beetles.

Dankali "uladar"

Wannan nau'in nasa ne da sabon farkon iri. Akwai cin abinci makõma. A tsawo daga cikin tushe na matsakaita, a rabin-ganga. Mai tushe bakin ciki. Bar matsakaici-sized shuke-shuke, da gefuna ba su da hakora. Dankali "uladar" yana ba m furanni.

Tubers daga dankalin da wani m siffar. The fata ne rawaya. A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne m, tare da kananan idanu. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne ma rawaya. A sitaci abun ciki ne 17%. amfanin ƙasa matakin ne 130-350 quintals a kowace kadada.

Dankali "uladar" unpretentious, yana da wani babban matakin da juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban. Domin dasa irin wannan m iri iri na kasa. Cultivar aka bred Belarushiyanci shayarwa. Dankali ake yadada a Rasha. Tasters yaba irin wannan na 7 da maki.

Grade "kayansa"

Dankali "kayansa" yana da sakamakon aikin da Belarushiyanci Research Institute for Dankali shayarwa. Maganar kanta nufin dukiya. Amma a cikin Belarushiyanci harshen da ma'anoni daban-daban - dũkiya. A zabi na wannan sunan ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam. Lokacin da digging sama da dankalin turawa tubers ne kamar zinariya Nuggets. Tubers ne m da kuma rawaya fata.

Yana nufin tebur iri. Dankali fararen furanni. Wannan nau'i ya ƙunshi har zuwa 17% sitaci. Lokacin da ruwan ba duhu. Shi ne resistant zuwa cuta. A iri-iri ne daidai kiyaye. Za a iya samar da 650 ton a kowace kadada.

Mutane da yawa shayarwa suna da ra'ayin cewa "kayansa" dankali za a iya amfani da a matsayin nazarin halittu ƙari a cikin ƙasa domin manufar tsarkakewa daga daban-daban cutarwa jikin kwayoyin cutar da fungi cewa harba shuke-shuke.

Grade "Zhuravinka"

Dankali "Zhuravinka" yana nufin irin matsakaici da dankalin turawa. Grade samu Belarushiyanci shayarwa. A shuka yana da wani talakawan tadawa. A furanni ne m daga gare shi. Tuber Shape m. A 'ya'yan itatuwa rufe ja fata. A nama yana da wani mau kirim launi.

sitaci abun ciki na samfurin nawa zuwa 19%. yawan aiki index ne 640 quintals a kowace kadada. Dankali "Zhuravinka" yana da kyau iyawa. Wannan iri ne resistant zuwa buga daban-daban ƙwayoyin cuta. Domin mazaunan Belarus, ya zama na biyu burodi saboda da high da kuma barga da ake samu.

Dankali "breezes"

Wannan nau'in nasa ne da tsakiyar-sa cin abinci. Domin ta namo shige da wani irin gona. A kara ne na matsakaici tsawo, rabin-line. A ganyen dankalin turawa, ganye manyan. a kan gefuna da taguwar ruwa ne m. Buga} wai yana da wani talakawan size da kuma Violet launi.

Dankali "breezes" yana da wani haske ruwan hoda manyan furanni. Tuber yana da wani m siffar. An rufe idanu talakawan zurfin. A kwasfa ne dan kadan m, rawaya. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne ma rawaya. sitaci matakin ne 15%. Yana yana da ban mamaki da dandano. Lokacin da dafa dankali ba ya yi duhu.

Dankali "iska" farfado da juriya ga cututtuka irin su ciwon daji, scab, rugose mosaic, amma shi ne mai saukin kamuwa zuwa da irin wannan cuta pathogen kamar yadda Globodera rostochiensis.

Grade "Lileya"

Dankali "Lileya" yana nufin Medium farkon tebur dankalin turawa, iri. Ya kuma tsara Belarushiyanci Research Institute for Dankali shayarwa. A shuka yana da wani matsakaicin tsayi. kore tsakiyar ganye. Flowers fari.

A tubers wannan iri-iri ne m, a siffar. Suna rufe da rawaya fata. Naman da aka yanka tare da wani haske rawaya launi. sitaci matakin ne 17%. Dankali ne m.

A iri-iri ne resistant ga irin cututtuka kamar ciwon daji. Yana adapts daidai ga duk gona da iri. Wannan dankalin turawa ya dace taki ma'adanai. Wannan bayyana babban matakin yawan aiki. A talakawan adadi ne 400 kilo a kowace kadada. Lokacin da dafa dankali ne fumfuna.

Grade "Zorachka"

Dankali "Zorachka" yana nufin farkon ripening tebur iri. Kara a shuka talakawan. Kananan kore takardar. amfanin ƙasa matakin na 254-316 quintals a kowace kadada. Tuber yana da wani m siffar, ya rufe tare da kananan idanu.

The fata ne rawaya. Cikin jiki, shi hasken rawaya a launi. Wannan irin daidai kiyaye. Resistant zuwa cututtuka irin su ciwon daji da kuma marigayi varna, lokaci-lokaci shafa Globodera rostochiensis.