Jonas Savimbi: wani jirgin saman soja 'yancin Angola

Zhonash Maleyru Savimbi (haife 03/08/34 a Portuguese Angola - 22/02/02 kashe kusa Lukusse, ibid) - siyasa, shugaban yaƙin tayar da kayar baya a kan Soviet-goyon baya Angola ta aiki gwamnati.

manhaja vitae

Dan shugaban tashar jirgin Jonas Savimbi a mishan makarantu da samu a malanta don nazarin kasashen waje. Ya yi karatu magani a Jami'ar Lisbon a Portugal, kuma daga baya ya aikata wani digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, a Jami'ar na Lausanne na kasar Switzerland, a shekarar 1965

Duk da yake Afirka a duniya taswirar da aka yafi hada da mazauna na kasashen Turai - Faransa, Jamus, Italiya, Belgium, Birtaniya, Spain da kuma Portugal. A mallaka na cikin karshen da aka mahaifar Zhonasha. A shekarar 1961 Savimbi shiga Holden Roberto, shugaban na motsi ga 'yancin kai na Angola Mutane ta Union (UPA), wani abokin gaba na Popular Movement for da Liberation of Angola (MPLA, a akidar Karl Marx-Leninist "aiki" jam'iyyar). Ya m da UPA a shekarar 1966 da kuma kafa shugaban UNITA (UNITA), wanda ya yi yaƙi da Portuguese mulkin mallaka.

Afirka a duniya geopolitical map

A shekarar 1965, Savimbi yanke shawarar samar da nasa motsi, da kuma fara kama goyon baya. Ta zo daga kasar Sin, inda ya kuma wasu daga cikin lieutenants aka kira su zuwa tara ga watan shakka a yaƙin yaƙi. A Beijing, shugaban UNITA, ya gana Mao Zedong da kuma sauran soja da kuma shugabannin siyasa na kasar Sin da juyin juya halin. Savimbi karatu da dabara amfani da haka yadda ya kamata daga baya a Angola. Daga baya, a lokacin da ya nemi taimako daga kasashen turai, Zhonash dakushe tunanin da muhimmanci da ya ke ziyara a kasar Sin. A takaice, ya ce cewa Mao da gurguzu ba kawai koya yadda za su yi yaƙi da lashe a wani yaƙin basasa, amma kuma hanya ya kamata ba sarrafa tattalin arzikin da kasar, cewa shi ne. Don. The dũkiyar al'ummai halitta himma da mutane.

janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a

Bayan ya sake Angola, Jonas Savimbi fara shirin yaqi da kabilar ovimbundu da sauran kawayenta. Gwamnatin da aka kewaye a gida da kuma ostracized duniya. Nuwamba 10, 1975 Portugal hukumance relinquished ta iko a kan Afirka jihar. Akwai wani da sauri, kuma ta fiɗãci gwagwarmayar ikon, wanda ke haifar a cikin Popular Movement for da Liberation of Angola ayyana kanta sabuwar gwamnatin. Bayan zanga-zangar MPLA jam'iyyar, UNITA gayyace zuwa Cuban sojoji da kuma Soviet makamai amfani don kula da iko. Ba da da ewa Zhonash aka tilasta musu gudu zurfi a cikin Angola tare da kawai 'yan dozin mabiya.

Akwai shi a kan Soviet mamayar, wanda ya maye gurbin da Portuguese, janyo hankalin da ake kira ga wani sabon sojojin. Tare da taimakon makamai da kuma horon, daga Afrika ta Kudu, Savimbi shirya wani iko da ingantaccen dakarun 'yan tawaye. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci gwamnatin Angola da taimako na Cuban sojojin da yunkurin hallaka Soviet makamai zuwa UNITA, amma guerrillas gudanar da wani babban yanki, wanda farmaki ofisoshin gwamnati, railroads da guzuri.

Yayin Cold War Savimbi samu taimakon daga China, Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Amurka a matsayin adawa da akidar Karl Marx, Soviet-goyon baya MPLA, wanda sarrafawa da gwamnatin tsakiya. UNITA ci gaba da gudanar da subversive yaƙin yaƙi da MPLA a lokacin 1970s kuma 80s.

tattaunawar zaman lafiya

A cikin bazara na shekarar 1991 Savimbi dakarun sa saukar da Luanda babban birnin kasar, yankan ikon Lines da intercepting kayayyakin. A karshen, da MPLA aka tilasta yarda da cewa ta manufofin zahiri da gudummawar da samuwar wani 20-biliyan-dollar bashi na Angola da kuma kusan cikakkiyar rashin aiki. MPLA shugaba Jose Eduardo dos Santos, ya amince ya yi shawarwari tare da Savimbi da UNITA, kazalika da kunshin na sake fasalin da nufin inganta tattalin arziki. Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da aka sanya hannu a ranar 31 ga watan Mayu 1991, da kuma fada tsaya nan da nan.

Bayan haka, Jonas Savimbi, da goyan bayan m magoya bayan, aka gudanar da wani yakin neman zabe cikin Angola. Yana har yanzu ya yi alkawari cewa UNITA zai gabatar da wani kasuwar tattalin arzikin, na yau da kullum free zaben kuma cikin zaman kansa ikon mallakar ƙasar da kuma kasuwanci. A lokacin wani taron gangami a babban birnin kasar a watan Satumba na shekarar 1991, Savimbi ce cewa ƙarfi ya jam'iyyar ba kawai a ta makamai, amma kuma a ta siyasa gaban.

Loss a zaben

Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da gwamnatin Angola ta yaki da aka tsaya, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a rike a shekarar 1992 free multiparty babban za ~ en. Bayan rasa Savimbi da UNITA koma gwagwarmaya da makamai domin iko da kasar, a mamayar da a mafi sassa na karkara. A tattaunawar da aka gudanar a sake, wanda ya kai ga Lusaka Yarjejeniyar a shekarar 1994. Tashin kasance gushe, kuma da karfi da za a makaman. Shugaban kasar Angola Jose Eduardo dos Santos, Savimbi samarwa zama daya daga biyu mataimakan shugabannin, da kuma UNITA - hannu a cikin gwamnati. Zhonash baya ƙaryata shawara, da kuma a 1997 ya aka hukumance ya nada a matsayin shugaban na 'yan adawa. A shekara daga baya da post da aka soke. A shekarar 1996, Savimbi ce cewa shi zai riƙe iko da garabasa lu'u-lu'u yankuna a arewa maso gabashin Angola, ko da yake wasu daga cikinsu da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga gwamnatin a 1998.

mutuwa

Zamanin Cold War ya dade ya ƙare, kuma UNITA aka fuskantar matsaloli tare da kudi. A cikin watan Satumba 1998, Savimbi aka fuskanci adawa a cikin kungiyar, a lokacin da wani rukuni kiran kanta da UNITA-R, tura shi kuma ya dauki gubar kansu. Daga wannan lokacin da jam'iyyar da aka raba uku kasarun adadi. Gwamnatin Angola da kuma raya kasashen kudancin Afirka ƙa'ida gane UNITA-R. Duk da haka, a watan Maris 2001, Jonas Savimbi ya nemi da farfado da shawarwari da kuma bayyana shirye yarda da sharuddan da Lusaka Yarjejeniyar. Duk da yake gwamnati ta bukaci a tsagaita bude wuta a matsayin sharadin farkon sabuwar tattaunawar, Savimbi kira a kan cocin Katolika lũra a cikin muhawara. Fada ya ci gaba cikin 2001 da kuma yada zuwa makwaftan kasashe, da Zambia da kuma Namibia. Sojojin gwamnatin sun ci gaba da dama Zhonasha kuma a karshe fyauce tare da shi a gabashin Moxico lardin. Savimbi aka kwanton bauna, suka kashe. Bayan mutuwarsa a watan Afrilu 2002, a wata yarjejeniya da aka kulla tsakanin UNITA da Angola gwamnatin.