Kabeji fari malam (Pieris brassicae). malam

Butterfly kabeji fari malam ya bambanta isasshe manyan size. Maza isa 55 mm, mãtan suna dan kadan ya fi girma - har zuwa 60 mm wingspan. Pieris brassicae L. aka dauke qeta kayan lambu kwaro cewa halaka shũka da horar da shuke-shuke da kabeji iyali da sauransu. Mene ne hanyoyin da za a magance wadannan kwari? Home to wadannan malam, yadda suka kama, yadda za a ci gaba? A wannan da kuma wasu daga baya a cikin labarin.

ƙarni

A zafi kakar, kuma a cikin kudancin yankunan da aka tasowa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, uku a zamaninsu, a arewa - biyu. A farko zo a cikin kudancin yankunan da karshen watan Afrilu da farkon watan Mayu, a arewacin - da ƙarshen May-farkon watan Yuni. More yawa biyu ƙarni bayyana a watan Yuli da watan Agusta. Malam tashi zuwa karshen watan Satumba. Tsara ta uku, za a iya gauraye da na biyu a kudancin yankunan. Duk da haka, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da uku shekaru mutane ja jiki ta hanyar da shuka da kuma rayuwa m baya daga sauran kuma na iya tsaya har sai Oktoba.

A sake zagayowar na kabeji fari malam

Kabeji fari malam pupae overwinter a cikin bishiya, bushes, fences, gini ganuwar da sauran saman. Bayan wani gajeren lokaci bayan tashi daga mutane fara sa qwai, yafi a kan underside na kabeji ganye da sauran al'adu da sako Cruciferous kayan lambu shuka iyali. mace qwai an dage farawa a cikin kungiyoyin na goma sha biyar, to da ɗari biyu da guda a cikin tari. Bayan shida ko goma sha uku kwanaki caterpillars fara bayyana. A karo na farko da juveniles zauna tare. Molting a larvae auku sau hudu. mataki lokaci ya dogara da yanayi. A zagayowar lokacin da yake a cikin 13-38 kwanaki. Tsakanin molts a lokacin wannan lokaci span ne uku zuwa kwana bakwai. Pupa zama malam, a kan talakawan, bayan 10-17 kwanaki. Wannan sabon ƙarni na faduwa qwai da karshen watan Yuli da farkon watan Agusta (a tsakiyar rariya). Idan ba za'ayi aiki na amfanin gona da kuma fada bayyana farko musamman, ya kamata ka fara zuwa girma da kuma ci gaba a cikin manyan lambobi. A kudancin yankunan (Central Asia), da kwaro yana da uku ko hudu, da kuma a wasu yankunan (a cikin Caucasus, misali) to biyar da al'ummomi.

yankin

Kabeji fari malam yada yadu a ko'ina cikin Eastern Turai ƙasa. Har ila yau, 'yan jinsuna za a iya samu a cikin temperate sashi na Asia, a gabashin yankin zuwa kasar Japan, kazalika a arewacin Afirka. A shekarar 1993 shi alama shigar azzakari cikin farji dabbobi a kan ƙasa na Kudancin Primorye. Kabeji fari malam aka kawo Panama da kuma Chile. A yankunan dake arewa na Arctic da'irar yanki za a iya samu, yafi migrantnyh mutane. Fĩfĩta da mambobi na jinsin su ne gefen titi, gandun daji gefuna, Parks, gidãjen Aljanna, fadamun, gandun daji plantations tare da reluwe waƙoƙi. Har ila yau, kabeji ne sau da yawa samu a kwaminonin inda a can ake horar da cruciferous shuke-shuke. Duk da haka, ya kamata a ce cewa yanayin rarraba malam iyakance zazzabi yanayi. Saboda haka, wintering pupae aka kashe a -20 digiri a isasshe babban yawa. A ganiya zazzabi don ci gaban da mutane ne dauke 20-26 digiri a sama sifili. A sosai zafi canjin yanayin (a kan 35-38 ° C) slows saukar da ci gaban da kabeji fari malam ko ta mutu. Very tartsatsi kwaro a cikin ƙasa na Rasha, fãce, watakila, yankin na Siberia da kuma Far Arewa. Akwai shi da wahala da gaban da kuma ci gaban isasshe low yanayin zafi da kuma tsanani yanayin damina.

description

Kabeji fari malam fuka-fuki ne fari. A kusurwoyin gaban suna fentin a baki, da kuma raya - wani duhu shafa a kan manyan baki daga cikin farfajiya. Mãtan suna da rarrabe fasali. A musamman, a kan su gaban fuka-fuki ne guda biyu zagaye baki aibobi. Kwai - rawaya, da kwalban-siffar. Su tsawo ne game 1.25 mm. A surface daga cikin kwai gani a tsaye hakarkarinsa. Gray-kore caterpillars da shestnadtsatitinogie Jiki duhu Brown spots, kuma dige, wanda suna harhada cikin wani in mun gwada lebur mai gangara layuka. Bangarorin na jiki da kuma tare da mayar da su rawaya (a kan mayar da shi ne wuta fiye da bangarorin) na tsiri. matafila jiki da aka rufe da gashin da bristles. The shugaban ne baki juveniles da kuma manya da aka rufe da haske aibobi. hanya tsawon na iya zama har zuwa 35-40 mm. Mutane na farko shekaru haske koren launi, da kuma jikinsu da aka rufe baki warts. A dolly yana da wani kusurwa siffar, greenish-rawaya, baki dige a tarnaƙi, kuma baya.

abinci

Kabeji fari malam ciyarwa a kan cruciferous shuke-shuke. Sun caterpillars, akwai karo na farko tare, ci da ɓangaren litattafan almara daga kasa da ganye, da barin saman fata. Bugu da ari, mutane da ja jiki a kusa da shuka. Kabeji ganye fara cinye yawanci gefuna, adult caterpillars creep uwa da babba surface. Su gnaw jiki, da barin kawai m jijiyoyinmu. Malam fi son tashi a cikin rãna. Sun ci (sai dai ɓangaren litattafan almara ganye) da Nectar daga shuke-shuke. Manyan yawa tsuntsaye za a iya samu a yankunan kare daga iska da kuma located ba da nisa daga shinge, itace plantations. A kan manyan yankunan, seeded kabeji kwaro, yawanci settles a gefuna da filin.

rauni

Caterpillars lalata kabeji leaf lalacewar radishes, kabeji da rutabagas da sauran amfanin gona. Su kuma iya ci da tsire-tsire na wasu iyalai kamar nasturtium, mignonette, capers. Bugu da kari, da sallama daga gland na jiki waƙoƙi tsokane hangula a kan jikin mutum. Account ko da mutum lokuta da guba da kuma lalata tsuntsaye, ciyar a kan wadannan caterpillars. A mafi girma lahani ga kabeji fari malam ya kawo a yammacin da kuma arewa maso yammacin yankuna na Rasha.

Hanyoyin da kwaro iko. parasitic kwari

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na lalata kabeji fari malam. A musamman, daya daga cikin mafi tasiri ne kwaro parasites. Na musamman muhimmancin ne mahayi melkobryuh, wanda kayansa mãsu a cikin jiki da matasa caterpillars qwai, wani lokacin har zuwa dozin a mutum daya. Daga qwai larvae bayyana. Suna ciyar da abinci a kan kyallen takarda na jiki na caterpillars, haddasa su zuwa mutuwa. Kamuwa da mutane ci gaba kullum a farko, amma sai ya zama kasa ta hannu, nemowa a yellowish tint. Bayan kai a wasu shekaru fara soki jiki parasites caterpillars rarrafe fita. Kusa da mutuwa mutane suka fara juya su cocoons a cikinsa to pupate sa'an nan kuma juya zuwa adult parasites. A nazarin gano cewa, da mahayi iya shafar har zuwa 90% kabeji. Saboda haka, yadda ya kamata magance kayan lambu kwaro a kan aiwatar da hannu tattara caterpillars bukatar barin m cocoons for daga baya haifuwa a irin wannan yanayi, ko da tattara da kuma canja wurin su a mafi populated wuraren caterpillars.

wasu hanyoyi

Sake bugun da kuma ci gaban malam sun fi mayar da hana cututtuka daban-daban. Ga misali, fiye amfani da kwayan al'adu da kakin zuma asu, wanda triggers rashin lafiya da kuma m mutuwa na caterpillars. Na musamman muhimmancin cikin bacteriological pathologies yana flyasheriya. Caterpillars Ana rinjayar da shi, a daina girma, zama lemun tsami rawaya da kuma mutuwa da sauri. Ciki da kamuwa da nama samfurori juya zuwa Mush. Qwai Belyanko iya samun daya daga cikin jinsi Trichogramma (oviphages).

Daya daga cikin sauki hanyoyin da halaka malam fari malam yana dauke da wani yau da kullum dubawa na ƙananan surface na ganyen cruciferous shuke-shuke, crushing na qwai. Amfani hannunka-daukana da caterpillars da kuma halaka su. Bugu da kari, a yau bayar da yawa kwari. Primenyayutdlya su nan gaba da amfanin gona spraying farko a kakar su hana bayyanar kwari, kazalika da a karo na farko da ya bugawa domin lalata matasa dabbobi. Shuka magani hana kara ci gaban da caterpillars da ganye kare albarkatu daga lalacewa.