Kafaffen shekaru: yadda enslaves manoman

Gabatarwa shekara lokaci da iyaka ne ya yi ĩmãni da za a gudanar a Rasha a 1597 a kan umarni na Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. Duk da haka, wannan taron da aka riga da dogon tarihi. A Rasha, don wani lokaci kafin muka ambata a sama dokokin, a tsarin na dangantaka dangantaka da abin da ake kira Yuriev rana. A kowace shekara a kan Nuwamba 26 aka yi bikin ranar Saint George (George), wanda a karshe ya ƙare a cikin aikin.

Riga a wancan lokacin sun manoma wanda ya yi aiki a kan nasu shafukan. Kuma waɗanda suka yi aiki da gidan haya da kuma yankunan da wasu alkawura da aka sanya daga "poryadnymi records." Idan duk yanayin da yarjejeniyar da aka yi wa marigayi kaka, ma'aikaci zai iya, a cikin makonni biyu kafin da kuma bayan da St. George ta Day je zuwa wani "m." Recent tarihi bincike ya nuna cewa tun kafin akwai abin da ake kira gyarawa shekaru, manoma sun yi kadan damar canza Runduna. Wannan aka yuwuwa ta gaskiya cewa yanayin da yarjejeniyar tsakanin gonaki da kuma manoma sun prohibitively nauyi ga m ma'aikata.

Aiki tare da tsohon records nuna cewa tun kafin shi da aka soma da muka ambata a sama doka, manoman ba su yi amfani da dama zuwa hira. Saboda haka, a 1580, a daya daga cikin gundumomi na Moscow Rasha daga 60 manoman canza mallaki gidaje iya amfani da biyu kawai. Amma akwai wani isasshen yawan mutanen da suka gudu daga wurin maigidansa a search na mafi rayuwa.

By karshen 16th karni adadin su ne irin wannan cewa shi aka soma umartar žuntata dama na manoma, to St George ta Day kuma gabatar da haramta shekaru a wasu yankuna na Rasha. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi aka ƙaddara gyarawa shekaru. Yana wani lokaci a lokacin da gonaki ta iya maida kuɗi runaway manoma daga sauran masu ko da dawowar wadanda suka bar su a nufin. A farko, wannan lokaci ne shekaru 5. A 1607 an karu zuwa shekaru 15.

Duk da haka, a lokacin da manoma 'War, a lokacin da mutane daga bautar da taro yunwa sun gudu zuwa kudu, kafa kungiyoyin mayakan, saɓa wa gwamnatin, gyarawa da shekaru ba a mutunta saboda gaskiyar cewa kasar nan ta yi a Jihar yakin basasa. Gwamnatin da za su yarda da kuma rage lokacin bar baya har zuwa shekaru 5.

A cikin 40s na 17th karni gyarawa shekaru an mika wa 9 shekaru, da kuma a 1642 an gano cewa, runaway manoma za a iya koma cikin shekaru 10 da bukatar daga cikin daban-daban mai tsawon shekaru 15. A 1649 da Romanov daular kokarin tsabtace ƙasar ta shari'a tsarin, wanda aka halin randomness da kuri'a na mai saɓani dokoki. A sakamakon wannan aiki shi ne Conciliar code, to soke, ciki har da, tsayayyen da shekaru. Saboda a Rasha akwai serfdom. A kwanan nan more sau, ban da rashin iyawa tserewa daga mai ƙasa, da manoma, da za a iya sayar wa sojojin, ya aika zuwa Siberia ko don naƙudarta.

Rasha ba kawai jihar da ya wuce ta hanyar bautar. Kusan dukkan kasashen Turai da irin wannan tsarin a gida, da kuma a kusa da shi ya soke a lokaci guda (a cikin kasar - a 1861). Yammacin Turai ya wuce wannan hanya kadan a baya, Eastern - kadan daga baya. Kuma a cikin Mulkin Bhutan serfs wanzu har 1956. Ko da yake wasu masana tarihi la'akari da janyewar takardar fasfot na ma'aikata na gama gonaki na Soviet irin bautar.