Kai hotuna da Dürer: description, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Titan Yammacin Turai Renaissance, da baiwa da Renaissance Albreht Dyurer ya kasance daya daga cikin haske taurari a sararin Jamus zanen. A mafi girma artist na nuna na XV-XVI ƙarni ya shahara akan zana rubutu a kan itace da tagulla, shimfidar wurare, kashe a watercolor da gouache, idon basira hotuna na rayuwa. Ya zama na farko a cikin tarihin na art sharhi. Da yake caccanza mutumin Albrecht Dürer halitta ba kawai fice ayyukansu, kuma ilimi Masterpieces. Daga cikin su - da engraving "Melancholia" da ta sihiri square. A m artist da ya shahara kai-hotuna, a cikin abin da aka ƙãre, kuma zanen, da kuma musamman marubucin bane. Domin rayuwar Albrecht Dürer halitta babu kasa da 50 na irin ayyukan, amma 'yan kai mu lokaci. Mene ne na ƙwarai kai-hotuna da Dürer? Don me suke har yanzu yi rawar jiki m Raya Makon aikinsa?

Kai hotuna a matsayin biography Albrehta Dyurera

Malaman tarihi sun tabbatar da cewa master Albrecht Dürer wani sosai m saurayi, da kuma soyayya na kai-hotuna da aka jera saboda wani zũciyarsa faranta wa mutane. Duk da haka wannan gaskiya ne daga wa'adinsu. Dürer kai-hotuna - a gani na ciki duniya da kuma ra'ayoyi kan art, tarihi na ci gaba da basirar da ci gaban m iyawa. A su za ka iya gano da dukan rai na artist. Ta kowane mataki - wani sabon aiki, shi ne sosai daban-daban daga baya daya. Dürer sanya wani kai-hoto na wani raba Genre a gani zane-zane, da kuma aikinsa a matsayin dukan kuma ya zama rayayyen biography na artist. Za su iya, wani lokacin gaya fiye da kowane littafi.

A farko kai-hoto mai girma artist

A farko kai-hoto Albrehta Dyurera da aka kafa a 1484. Sai artist ne kawai shekara goma sha uku, amma ya riga ya san yadda za a daidai sa rabbai kuma daidai ƙware da azurfa fil. Su na farko ya kawo matasa Albrecht, da contours fuskarka. Wannan kayan aiki bar a kan primed takarda azurfa sawu. A tsawon lokaci, da ta samun ruwan kasa. Shafa shi tare da takardar ba tareda žata ƙasa, shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu. Goma sha uku Albrecht, duk da haka, fentin wani hoto na shi, halittar wanda zai haifar da matsaloli ko da ga gogaggun artist a wancan lokacin.

A adadi ya dubi matasa Dürer da m a lokaci guda m. Idanunsa cike da baƙin ciki kuma tabbatar da dalilin. Hannun karimcin da shawara irreconcilable so a cimma manufarta - don zama wani babban malamin ya craft. Da zarar uban Albrecht ya ga dansa a aiki. A farko kai-hoto da Dürer buga wani talented mai yin kayan ado. Mahaifina ko da yaushe ya so ya dan tafi a cikin zambiyõyin, amma ya yaba da aikin Albrecht, ya aika da shi zuwa karatu a cikin studio of artist Michael Wohlgemuth. Akwai, matasa Dürer koya kayan yau da kullum na zanen da engraving.

An farkon kai-hoto na wani gashin tsuntsu

Bayan kammala horo, kowane artist ne bisa ga al'ada da lokaci tafi a kan tafiya. Duk da yake tafiya, sai da ya sami kwarewa daga Masters daga ƙasashe masu nisa. Tare da wannan hanya na tafi da Albrecht Dürer. Kai hoto, fentin a lokacin da yake tafiya zuwa Turai, da aka za'ayi a cikin wani mabanbanta da juna. Yana nuna ikon da matasa artist zuwa yin tunãni a kan takarda da ciki jihar na mutum rai. A wannan lokaci, Durer amfani da alkalami, da kuma yanayi ya daban-daban. A adadi "Kai Vertical tare da bandeji" fuska cike da baƙin ciki da Albrecht outright zafi. An rufe wrinkles cewa sa hoton duhu. Shi ba a san dalilin azabar, amma cewa suna da wani wuri ya zama, babu shakka.

Kai hoto, 1493

By karshen yawo Albrecht kãma labarai na mai zuwa aure. Sa'an nan, a cikin XV karni, da iyaye da kansu zabi ga 'ya'yansu biyu. Albrecht mahaifin samu amarya daga mai daraja iyali a Nürnberg. Da aure Agnes Frey, matasa artist bai damu ba. Akwai wani ra'ayi da cewa shi ne a kan lokaci na da wannan taron da kuma rubuta Durer "Kai hoto tare da ƙayar." A waɗannan kwanaki sai aka dauke da kullum da cewa nan gaba maza Masana kai tsaye a bikin aure, don haka matasa artist yanke shawarar yin kyauta ta musamman ga nan gaba matarsa.

Albrecht a cikin hoto na shekaru 22 da haihuwa. The saurayi stared a cikin nesa ta idanu. Shi ne mayar da hankali da kuma m. Albrecht idanu dan kadan yanka saboda gaskiyar cewa aiki a kan hoto da ya gudanar, neman a kansa a cikin madubi. A cikin hannãyen wani artist rike da wata ƙaya. Ya zama batun jayayya tsakanin Raya Makon Durer.

The shawara kan "Kai Vertical da ƙaya"

A daidai da kalmar "ƙaya" a cikin Jamus harshe ne männertreu, wanda a zahiri fassara a matsayin "namiji aminci". Wannan ya nuna a fili cewa kai-hoto da aka yi nufi Agnes Frey. Duk da haka, abokan adawar na da wannan ra'ayi jayayya da cewa ƙayar - alama ce ta so na Almasihu, da kuma shuke-shuke ƙaya wakiltar Yesu gari. Bugu da kari, a cikin kai-hoto Dürer rubuta: "My harkokin na Maɗaukaki." Kuma shi ma ya nuna a fili cewa zanen - nuna biyayya da kuma addini a gare da artist ga Allah, ba a kyauta wa nan gaba matarsa. Duk da haka, da gaskiya, da aka sani kawai ga kansa Durer.

Italian Ayuba, 1498

Next aiki na Albrecht marinjãya a cikin Genre na kai-hoto yi riga a Italiya. The artist ya ko da yaushe ya so ya tafi zuwa cikin kasar da kuma samun matsahi na saba da musamman al'adar Italian zanen. Sun matarsa da ta iyali bai goyi bayan ra'ayin tafiya, amma annoba da annoba da cewa kama Nuremberg, sanya da coveted tafiya yiwu. Durer buga wani haske bore da launuka na Italian shimfidar. Ya bayyana ne cikin yanayi na wani m lokaci domin tsabta. Dürer shi ne na farko wuri mai faɗi zane-zane a cikin tarihi na art. Ya manufa da aka yanzu da dama image m ga yanayin da lissafi. The m yanayi na Italiya taimake shi ya yarda da kansa a matsayin wani m artist. Kuma wannan ne cikakken nuna a cikin ta Italian kai-hoto.

A da shi ya siffanta wani m mutum wanda ya gane wa sadaukarwa, wata manufa mahalicci da zurfin tunani da kyau aqidar. Haka abin ya fara Dürer. Kai, da bayanin abin da yake ba wani nuni da canji a cikin ainihi, kuma yana daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan artist. Dürer a kan shi natsattsu. Ya hali a mike, kuma idanunsa ya bayyana amincewa. Albrecht richly ado. Ya hankali nada gashi da dama a kan kafadu. Kuma a cikin bango za ka iya ganin kai-hoto na Italian wuri mai faɗi - m wahayi na artist.

A hudu temperaments

Next aiki na Dürer cikakken ya nuna hali zurfin tunani, kazalika da bin kai-da ilmi ba. Kai hoto sadaukar da Greek rukunan da hudu temperaments. A cewar shi, mutane suna zuwa kashi sanguine, choleric, melancholic da phlegmatic. A engraving "Men ta Bath" babban artist embodies kowane irin halin a cikin mutum. Dürer dauki kansa melancholy. Wannan ya ce da zarar an unknown astrologer. Yana iya zaci cewa shi ne a cikin wannan rawa, ya aka kama a engraving. The artist wanda aka nuna kansa a matsayin mai flutist, liyãfa su abokai.

"Kai Vertical cikin siffar Almasihu", 1500

Dürer koma daga ƙasar Italiya ba m almajiri da kuma kau da na sana'a. A gida, Albrecht samu mai yawa umarni, wanda ya kawo shi daraja. Aikinsa ne haƙĩƙa ka sani waje na ƙasarsa ta Nuremberg, da artist kansa sa da kasuwanci a kan wani ciniki akai. A daidai wannan lokaci da aka samun a kan wani sabon karni, da farko na wanda aka alama ta karshen duniya. M tsawon eschatological tsammanin samun wani tasiri a kan Albrecht Masters. Kuma a cikin 1500 zo cikin shahararrun aiki, wanda aka halitta da Dürer - "Kai hoto cikin siffar Almasihu."

Ya nuna kansa full-fuska, cewa ya wuce yarda da ƙarfin hali a cikin XVI karni. Duk da hotuna na wancan lokacin sun abu daya a cikin kowa: talakawa mutane ko da yaushe Zagayawar rabin-juya, da kuma kawai Yesu shi ne banda. Dürer shi ne na farko artist ya karya wannan tacit ban. Sokin idanu, wavy gashi, m rabbai da fuska gaske da ke sa shi yi kama da Almasihu. Ko da hannu imprinted a kasa daga cikin zane, folded a cikin karimcin hali na Uba Mai tsarki. A launuka a cikin hoton kiyayeshi. Kan bango na baki, ja, da fari, da kuma tabarau na ruwan kasa tsaye daga fuskar artist. Ado a cikin riguna trimmed da Jawo, master Albrecht alama da za a gwada kansa da mahalicci, wanda halitta buroshi abun yanka da kuma na musamman, m kuma na musamman duniya.

addini kai-hotuna

M kai-hotuna da Dürer da wani pronounced addini hali. XVI karni na cike da kona alaka sani na rawar da Allah a cikin rayuwa na kowa mutum. Taimako ga wannan tambaya ya sanya Martin Luther, kokarin kai jigon da rukunan Kirista ga mutane. A Durer rubuta yawa addini qagaggun. Daga cikinsu akwai "Biki na beads" da kuma "The girmama Triniti Mai Tsarki." Su Dürer ba kawai master, amma kuma ɗan takara na alfarma mataki. Saboda haka ya biya haraji ga ibada ga Allah.

A mafi m kai-hoto

Addini overtones ne daya daga cikin mafi rigima da enigmatic ayyukan artist - "Kai tsirara." Albrecht Dürer fentin da kansa a cikin image na shahada Almasihu. Game da ce bakin ciki fuska, damuwa jiki hali, reminiscent na Yesu a lokacin shan bulala. Ko a Musulunci na fata, wanda aka nuna da artist a kan cinyar dama, na iya samun m muhimmanci. Akwai daya daga su raunuka Almasihu.

Figure kaga alkalami da buroshi a kan wani kore tinted takarda. A daidai lokacin da halittar kai-hoto ne ba a sani ba, amma dangane da shekaru na artist a cikin hoton, za mu iya ɗauka cewa ya rubuta shi a farkon shekarun na XVI karni. An sani cewa marubucin kiyaye aiki a gida da kuma bai wakiltar jama'a. Babu artist kafin da kuma bayan shi bai wakiltar kansa gaba daya tsirara. M ya frankness zane iya wuya a samu a cikin littattafan da kishin art.

A karshe kai-hotuna na Albrehta Dyurera

M kai-hotuna da Dürer annabta ta sauri mutuwa. A cikin Netherlands, ya aka buga da wani m rashin lafiya, wanda a wancan zamani babu daya da wani ra'ayin. Yanzu masana tarihi za su iya kawai yayata cewa shi ne zazzabin cizon sauro. A artist da matsaloli tare da baƙin ciki, wanda ya fili nuna wa kai-hoto "Durer - rashin lafiya" tare da rawaya tabo. Wannan hoto ya aiko zuwa ga likita da kuma rubuta shi a takaice dai sako. Yana ce cewa wuri wanda ya nuna rawaya tabo, haddasa zafi. A gani na jiki da jiha da artist da kuma ci gaba da addini theme ya kasance "Kai Vertical a cikin image na fama da Almasihu." Durer wanda aka nuna a kan shi, m da wani ba a sani ba rashin lafiya da kuma ruhaniya cuta, a cikin hanyar abin da yake, watakila, da canji da kuma related events.

Ya mutu jim kadan da barin zuriyarsa mafi girma, Legacy da lokaci. Kai hotuna da Dürer, adana a cikin shahararrun galleries a duniya, irin su LOUVRE a Paris da kuma Prado a Madrid, har yanzu gigice da su ciki ƙarfi ne, kuma an kusan sufi kyakkyawa.