Ka'idar halin. Daga Hippocrates zuwa Pavlova

Don magana game da ka'idar halin, to a fara da fahimtar da kalmar. Temperamentum (latin.) - al'ada rabo da dama m halaye ko wani sa na mutum fasali na mutum dangantawa da halayya, tsauri Properties hali. Yana characterizes mafi girma m aiki da kwayoyin.

A kan wannan batu akwai da dama da karatu na marubuta daban-daban, amma duk da su ne a cikin wani hanya alaka ko dogara ne a kan halin ka'idar ci gaba da Hippocrates. Ya kira shi da wani "humoral" (daga Latin "humors." - ruwa). Gippokrat nasaba Properties halin nazarin halittu ruwa rinjaye a cikin jiki:

• bile (zauren): m, m, m, moods canza sauri - a choleric.
• gamsai (phlegm): kwantar da hankula, phlegmatic, daidaita, sauƙi canzawa hankali - wannan shi ne phlegmatic.
• jini (Sangvis): sauki jure wahala, gaisuwa, kaffa, m - a sanguine.
• baki bile (alli zauren): m, yiwuwa ga bakin ciki, tanada, m ga m - shi ne melancholic.

American da kuma Turai view of kimiyya

Similar theories halin kafa Jamus E. Kretschmer da kuma W. Sheldon American. By Kretschmer (kundin tsarin ka'idar), yanayi da kuma hali ya shafi tunanin mutum da cuta a cikin mutane suna hade da tsarin da jikin mutum:

• Leptosomatik (gaggautsa) - shizotemichesky irin. Yiwuwa ga m canji na motsin zuciyarmu, rufe da m.
• Fikinik (m) - tsiklotemichesky irin (cyclothem - manic-depressive rashin lafiya). Abu ne mai sauki a tuntube, mai neman na hakika, to yiwuwa yanayi swings.
• Athletic (Athletic) - iksotemichesky irin (iksotemiya - epilepsy). Shiru, ba daban-daban m tunani.
• Displastik (sakon) - Mixed irin halin.

W. Sheldon gano uku iri halin , dangane da tsarin da jiki:

• tserebrotonik: Kretschmer a wannan leptosomatik da Hippocrates - melancholic.
• somatotonik: daidai da, mai kira, choleric.
• vistserotonik: fikinik da sanguine.

Wannan ka'idar akalla, kuma ya mashahuri a cikin kwararru a wannan filin, amma a nan gaba dangantaka tsakanin tsarin da jiki da hankulansu rashin lafiya aka dauke su unproven.

Kusa da gaskiya

All theories na halin a tunani, da ciwon isa daidaito a cikin ma'anar, duk da haka ba za a dauke mai cikakkar akidarsu. Kawai saboda a hakikanin rai iya Mix da iri sabawa daga amince nagartacce.

Soviet view

AI Pavlov a cikin binciken na juyayi tsarin iri mayar da gaskiya cewa zumudi da hanawa da ta tafiyar matakai faruwa ne a kowane mutum da mutum labari. Dangane da gudun, ya gano hudu iri:

• Motsi: m, karfi (Hippocrates - choleric).
• rauni: unbalanced (melancholic).
• kwantar: m (phlegmatic).
• sha musantawa: karfi, unbalanced (sanguine).

Kamar yadda ka gani, duk da asali ka'idar halin ko ta yaya rarraba da Hippocratic ka'idar. A ainihi shi ne daya, kawai sunaye daban-daban. A lokaci guda dole ne mu tuna cewa hakikanin rai ba ya shige cikin wani ka'idar halin ne wanda dari bisa dari. Za ka iya kawai magana game da alamu.