Kalaman Properties na haske

Idan ka tambayi talakawan mutum abin da ya sani da kaddarorin na haske, ba tare da wani shakka, kowa da kowa nan da nan kira "gani". Lalle ne, akwai yiwuwa yaro wanda ba zai so a yi wasa a ranar da rana da wata kananan madubi kawas haskoki - abin da ake kira sunbeams. Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, da yawa har yanzu tuna, shi ne mai yi wasa tare da inuwa - shi ne ma wata alama ce ta daya daga cikin kaddarorin da haske. Amma ga wasu za su zama Saukar da gaskiya cewa tãguwar ruwa, barin rediyo da talabijin play watsa ne guda haske. Akwai ba mu'ujizai - duk saukin bayyana. Dalilin wannan rikice ne da kalaman Properties na haske.

Duk wani abu wanda kwayoyin halitta ne a cikin wani m jihar, samar da electromagnetic radiation yanayi. The inji shi ne mai sauki: wani barbashi ayan wani Jihar makamashi balance, saboda haka, emit haddi makamashi. Yana iya zama dumi, a bayyane haske, ko wani iri radiation. Mene ne m? Idan muka yi la'akari da dukkan bakan, a bayyane ido radiation bautarka mitoci a cikin kewayon 790-390 THz. A peculiarity wannan radiation shi ne cewa shi yana da biyu da kalaman Properties na haske da kuma kadarori na barbashi (corpuscular). Wanda aka sha'awar fasaha sababbin abubuwa, domin tabbatar, Na ji kalmomin "photon engine". Daga ta nozzles an ja daga haske barbashi - photons, samar da bugun jini da ya faru. To, ta yaya fahimci "da kalaman Properties na haske" ne, idan muna magana ne game da barbashi? Gaskiyar cewa muna da wani bayyane haske ne dual: shi za a iya wakilta a cikin nau'i na radiation, kazalika da wani rafi da barbashi. A jerin gwaje-gwajen da shawara cewa duka biyu ra'ayoyi ne gaskiya.

A lokacin da la'akari da kalaman Properties na haske, hankali da aka ambata tsangwama. Ya dogara ne a kan canji na luminance (tsanani) surface yankunan da hasken da dama haske bim. Wannan tsangwama da aka yarda Jung za su gudanar da sanannen biyu-tsaguwa gwaji.

Wadannan dukiya - wannan diffraction. Domin wannan sabon abu, akwai da dama bayani, amma ga wani mutum wanda ba a sani da kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta iya haifar da wadannan bayani: diffraction ne kalaman bypassing cikas. Wannan shi ne, a ka'idar, da radiation juyi daga wani batu tushen iya taba "m" inuwa yankin na abu kafa ta biyu vectors, amma a yi wannan zato da aka keta. "Guilty" ne diffraction. Wani lokaci yana Ana daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manifestations kutse, wanda ba kuskure.

An yadu da aka sani sabon abu na refraction. Ana iya gani a gida: shi ne isa zuwa zuba ruwa a cikin wani gilashi da kuma sanya a spoonful. Idan muka yanzu dubi da cokali, sa'an nan a jamsin na iska-ruwa m murdiya cewa warware da lissafi daidaito. Wannan na faruwa saboda refraction a iyakar tsakanin biyu daban-daban kafofin watsa labarai.

Shin ka taba mamakin a rana hunturu rana da haske tsanani ne don haka high cewa dole ka sa tabarau da tinted windows? Dalilin wannan tunani haskoki daga wani farin surface kafa ta snow. Sashe na daga cikin kalaman ta sauya shugabanci na motsi yana juyawa saboda da hulda da surface.

Don karatu da hali na barbashi a jimla matakai amfani Tantancewar grating. Idan fiye da daya Laser katako don kaitsaye a layi daya a cikin shugabanci, kuma suka rama - sauran bim, da gibba zai bayyana makamashi. Na yanayi tsaka tsaki kwayoyin halitta sun mayar da hankali a minima, forming kama da crystal raga. By sãɓãwar launukansa mita haskoki, da kwana tsakanin su ko radiated ikon, yana yiwuwa don sarrafa hali na wadannan kwayoyin halitta.