Karelian gandun daji: bayanin, yanayin, itatuwa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Karelia gargajiyance kira da gandun daji da lake baki. Modern ƙasa da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wani gleiser narkewa cewa ya fara goma sha uku shekara dubu da suka wuce. Ice zanen gado hankali rage, da kuma narke ruwa cika hollows a cikin kankara. Kamar wancan ne aka kafa da yawa tabkuna da koguna a Karelia.

budurwa gandun daji

Karelian gandun daji - a hakikanin dũkiya daga yankin. Ga dalilai da dama, mafi gandunan daji da ayyukan ta hanyar mu'ujiza bypassed su ta. Wannan ya shafi iri-iri tare da Finnish iyaka. Saboda wannan kiyaye tsibirin ruwan tekun Atlantika yanayi. Karelian gandun daji fariya Pine itatuwa, wanda shekaru kai shekara ɗari biyar.

A Karelia, game da dubu ɗari uku kadada na gandun daji ne a matsayi na kasa Parks da kuma reserves. Virgin itatuwa samar da tushen "Pasvik" reserves, "Kostomukshsky", "Paanayarvsky" National Park.

Green Dũkiya: Interesting Facts

Development of Karelia gandun daji ya fara a lokacin haihuwa da masana'antu. A cikin karni na sha takwas da felling bishiyoyi sa zabe. Kawai a kusa da ironworks ya bayyana sabon. A cikin karni na sha tara, da girma na katako guraben tashi. A richness na Karelian gandun daji a hankali narke. An kawai a cikin nineties karni na karshe, deforestation ya rage muhimmanci. A halin yanzu, sake akwai wani sauka a hankali karuwa a cikin kudi na girbi na katako, domin shi ne mai muhimmanci fitarwa samfurin, wanda shi ne ko da yaushe a bukatar.

Karelian gandun daji: itatuwa da mamaye

Wadannan wurare ne wuce yarda da kyau da kuma arziki da ciyayi.

Dalili na Karelian gandun daji - shi ne spruce kuma Pine. A arewacin yankunan iya saduwa da Finnish spruce, kuma a gabas - Siberian. Amma da ciyayi da aka wakilta ba kawai conifers. Mene ne musamman Karelian gandun daji? Abin da bishiyoyi ko da a cikin wadannan wurare? Akwai kuma na kowa hardwoods. Famous Karelian Birch gandun daji itatuwa, ta biyu iri - Fluffy da warty. Har ila yau katako ke tsiro alder m da Aspen.

gandun daji iri daban-daban

A Kudu Karelia akwai manyan yankuna na m-Leaved itatuwa - Elm, Linden, alder da Maple. Karelian Pine gandun daji girma, yawanci a matalauta kasa da kuma sa da dama iri cewa ya bambanta a cikin yanayi na kasar gona da irin ciyayi na ƙananan bene.

A cikin filayen kwari, da kuma filayen swamps kusan ko'ina girma sphagnum Pine gandun daji tare da tsumburai da kuma tonkostvolnym gandun daji. Ga gona ne halin da wani lokacin farin ciki cover na gansakuka, kuma riko da wani babban yawan shrubs - Rosemary, blueberry, da kuma fadama Itacen ci-zaƙi.

A wani karin tati zaunar Pine-zelenomoshniki wanda aka wakilta tsayi itatuwa. A wannan m gandun daji undergrowth sosai rare da kuma kunshi Juniper da Rowan. Bush rufe up cranberries da kuma blueberries, amma ƙasa da aka rufe gansakuka. Amma herbaceous shuke-shuke, a nan su ne 'yan kaxan.

A tsautsayi kasa, gangara kuma cliffs fi girma lichen Pine gandun daji. Bishiyoyi a wadannan yankunan su ne quite rare, kuma akwai kusan babu underbrush. Ƙasa cover wakilta lichen, gansakuka, kore mosses, bearberry, cranberries.

Domin a more arzikin ƙasa halin da spruce. Mafi na kowa ne zelenomoshniki, kunsha kusan na musamman na fir, mai yiwuwa wasu lokuta faruwa Aspen kuma Birch. A kan karkata daga cikin swamps a kan peat-podzolic kasa suna located sphagnum spruce kuma dolgomoshniki. Amma ga kõguna kwaruruka halayyar bolotnotravnye spruce gandun daji da gansakuka da kuma frail alders da meadowsweet.

gauraye gandun daji

A wurin da felling da gandun daji gobara da zarar m an maye gurbinsu da sakandare gauraye gandun daji yankunan kan abin da girma Aspen, Birch, alder, kuma gabatar da wani arziki undergrowth da grassy Layer. Amma a cikin hardwoods ne fairly na kowa, da kuma conifers. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne spruce. Yana da yake a gauraye gandun daji a kudancin Karelia ne rare nan Elm, Linden, Maple.

Marshes

Game da talatin bisa dari na jamhuriyar ta ƙasa ne shagaltar da Marshes da dausayi, wanda ya samar da halayyar wuri mai faɗi. Suna sauya tare da kurmi. Marshes ya kasu kashi da wadannan iri:

1. Kwaruruka ciyayi wanda aka wakilta shrubs, kyauro, kuma sedge.
2. Upland, wanda aka ciyar da yanayi hazo. Ga girma blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, daji Rosemary.
3. Dõgẽwa Marshes wakiltar wani ban sha'awa hade da na farko iri biyu.

All fadama dubi sosai bambancin. A gaskiya, shi tafkunan, an rufe intricacies na mosses. Ga akwai Pine da marshy yankunan da kananan Birch itatuwa, tsakanin wanda aka aza littãfi duhu kududdufi da Duckweed.

Beauty Karelia

Karelia - dada kyau ƙasar. Ga fadama overgrown da gansakuka, m da budurwa gandun daji, da duwãtsu ba da hanya ga filayen da tuddai da ban mamaki shimfidar wuri, a kwantar da hankula surface na lake jũya a cikin bugãwa da koguna da kõguna na m bakin teku.

Kusan 85% na yankunan - a Karelian gandun daji. Mamaye conifers, amma akwai kuma kananan-Leaved. The shugaban ne sosai Hardy Karelian Pine. Yana bautarka 2/3 na dukkan gandun daji. Girma a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai wahala, shi ne ra'ayi na cikin gida, yawan, yana da musamman waraka Properties, fueling kewaye da makamashi, gajiya da irritability.

Local gandun daji ne sanannen Karelian Birch. A gaskiya, shi ne quite kananan da kuma nondescript itace. Duk da haka, shi ya sami duniya daraja godiya ta zuwa ga karfi da kuma m itace, wanda yayi kama da marmara saboda m adadi.

Karelian gandun daji ma mai arziki a magani da kuma edible herbaceous shuke-shuke da kuma shrubs. Akwai blackberries, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, cloudberries, cranberries da kuma lingonberries. Ba za muyi adalci ba tunawa da namomin kaza, wanda a Karelia a yalwace. A farkon na su bayyana a watan Yuni, kuma a watan Satumba, wani lokaci na tattara namomin kaza for pickling - tafi volnushki, sinyushki, namomin kaza.

nau'in bishiyoyi

A cikin Karelian expanses na Pine itatuwa, wanda shekaru ba kasa da 300-350 shekaru. Duk da haka, akwai mazan da irinsu. Su tsawo ne 20-25 ko 35 mita. Pine needles samar maras tabbas, wanda zai iya kashe germs. Bugu da kari, shi ne matukar muhimmanci da irin, ta itace ne mai kyau ga Shipbuilding da sauki gine-gine. A itace daga cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace cirewa rosin da turpentine.

A Marcial ruwan tsiro quite na musamman da Pine-tsira, wanda shekaru - game da shekara arbaminya. Ta shiga jerin rare itatuwa. Akwai ma wani labari cewa Pine itace dasa kusa da Bitrus I, amma idan ka yi la'akari da ta shekaru, shi ke m, ta yi girma tun kafin wannan lokacin.

Bugu da kari, a Karelia tsiro Siberian spruce kuma talakawa. A gida sharuddan da shi zaune biyu ko shekara ɗari uku, da kuma wasu samfurori rayu har zuwa rabin karni na shekaru, yayin da cimma 35 mita tsawo. A diamita na itacen - game daya mita. spruce itace ne mai haske, kusan fararen, shi ne mai taushi da kuma haske. Ana amfani domin yin mafi kyau takarda. Spruce kuma aka sani a matsayin music shuka. Irin wannan suna ta samu ba a daidaituwa. Bayar da kusan cikakkiyar ta kututturan amfani da samar da kida.

A Karelian gandun daji samu Maciji spruce, wanda abu ne na halitta abin tunawa. Shi ne na mai ban sha'awa to girma a wuraren shakatawa.

Larch, kowa a Karelia, kira a matsayin coniferous itatuwa, amma a kowace shekara da suka zubar da allurar. Wannan itace yana dauke su dogon-rayu, domin rayuwarsu har zuwa 400-500 shekaru (tsawo har zuwa 40 mita). Larch tsiro sosai da sauri kuma aka nuna godiya ba kawai saboda da m itace, amma kuma a matsayin al'ada shakatawa.

A bushe spruce kuma Pine gandun daji da yawa Juniper, wanda shi ne mai coniferous Evergreen shrub. Yana da ban sha'awa ba kawai a matsayin ornamental shuka, amma kuma a matsayin magani jinsunan, saboda ta berries dauke da abubuwa amfani da maganin gargajiya.

A Karelian Birch ne mai tartsatsi ne. Akwai itace wani lokacin kira wani majagaba, kamar yadda shi ne na farko da ya zauna da wani free sarari. Birch zaune a takaice in mun gwada lokaci - daga 80 zuwa 100 shekaru. A cikin gandun daji ya zo ga tsawo na ashirin da biyar mita.