Karya da kewaye na Birnin Leningrad, a Janairu 1943: tarihi facts

Domin da Wehrmacht umurnin rinjãye birnin a kan Neva River da aka ba kawai wani muhimmin soja-dabarun muhimmancin. Bugu da kari ga kamawa da dukan tekun na Gulf of Finland da kuma halakar da Baltic jiragen ruwa kuma ya bi nisa-kai farfaganda dalilai. A fall na cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da juyin juya halin zai sa irreparable halin kirki da lahani ga dukan Soviet mutane da zai muhimmanci rushe da morale na sojin kasar. A umurnin na Red Army da aka madadin: janye da kuma mika wuya cikin birnin ba tare da wani yaki. A wannan yanayin, da rabo daga cikin mazaunan za su fi ban tausayi. Hitler yi nufin shafa da birni kashe taswirar a zahiri hankali na kalma.

Birnin Leningrad, ya kẽwaye da Jamus da kuma Finnish sojojin Satumba 8, 1941. The Siege na Leningrad dade 872 kwanaki. Bugu da kari ga soja raka'a daga cikin sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa a kewaye juya fitar da fiye da mutane miliyan uku - 'yan gudun hijira daga Birnin Leningrad, ya kuma Baltic jihohi da kuma makwabta yankuna. Birnin Leningrad, a lokacin da kawancen ya rasa fiye da 600 da dubu. A farar hula, yawan, na abin da kawai uku da kashi ne aka kashe ta harin bom da dakarun, da kuma sauran mutu a dalilin matsananciyar yunwa, da annoba. Yana da aka kwashe fiye da rabin mutane miliyan.

Ƙoƙarin warware kawancen a 1942

Ko da a cikin duhu kwana na yaki yunkurin warware encirclement. A Janairu 1942 Soviet sojojin suka kaddamar da wani farmakin a haɗa shi da garin da An katange 'da babban yankin' 'a kusa da kauyen na Lubz. A gaba yunkurin da aka yi a watan Agusta - Oktoba, a cikin shugabanci na kauye da Siniavino Mga tashar. Wadannan ayyukan karya ta kewaye na Leningrad kasance m. Ko da yake Sinyavinskaya m da kasa, amma wannan rawar daji da aka thwarted ta yau da kullum Wehrmacht shirin kama birnin.

dabarun abubuwan da ake bukata

Da shan kashi na Nazi sojojin a cikin Volga River halin canza ma'auni na dabarun sojojin a cikin ni'imar da Soviet sojojin. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, da High umurnin yin ciki a gudanar da wani aiki a kan deprotected arewacin babban birnin kasar. Aiki ayyuka shafe sojojin na Leningrad, Volkhov fronts, Baltic jiragen ruwa da kuma Ladoga Flotilla karbi lambar sunan '' Iskra ''. Don a goyi bayan m aiki a kan ƙasa da dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama. Kebewa daga Birnin Leningrad, kawancen, ko m, ya yiwu ne da wata babbar auna daidai da Jamusanci umurninSa. Hitler underestimated da muhimmancin da kudi na jari na reserves. Bayan m yãƙi a cikin Moscow yankin da kuma kudancin kasar daga Army Group 'Arewa' ', biyu aka janye sulke rarrabuwa da kuma wani mahimmin juzu'in dakaru raka'a zuwa partially biya diyya asarar da tsakiyar kungiyar. By farkon 1943 a Birnin Leningrad, a invaders ya ba manyan mechanized raka'a counter wani yiwu hari na Soviet Army.

shirin umurni

Operation "Iskra" da aka ɗauki cikinsa a cikin kaka na 1942. A marigayi Nuwamba, hedkwatar Leningrad Front Headquarters da shawarar shirya wani sabon m da kuma nasara da makiya zobe a biyu kwatance: Shlisselburgsky da Uritskom. High umurnin ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali a kan daya, da azumi, kusa-Siniavino Shlisselburg.

22 ga watan Nuwamba umurnin gabatar da wani shiri na counter mataki na mayar da hankali sojojin na Leningrad, ya kuma Volkhov fronts. The aiki da aka amince, cikin shirye-shiryen da aka bai kasa da wata daya. Yana da muhimmanci sosai ga aiwatar da shirya m a cikin hunturu: spring swampland ya zama m. Saboda narke ya fara a marigayi Disamba warware kawancen da aka dakatar da kwanaki goma. A code sunan aiki da aka sa ta Stalin. Rabin karni da suka wuce, VI Ulyanov, samar da wani jiki buga na Bolshevik Party, kira da jaridar "Iskra" da niyyar cewa walƙiya zai hura wata wuta na juyin juya halin. Stalin haka kusantar da wani misalin, dauka cewa sarrafawa m rawar daji za su ci gaba a cikin wani gagarumin dabarun nasara. A general management aka wakkala a Marshal K. E. Voroshilovu. Don tsara ayyuka a Volkhov Front aka aika zuwa Marshal G. K. Zhukov.

Shirya da m

A lokacin Disamba da dakarun maida tattalin yaƙi. All raka'a aka staffed tare da ma'aikata da kuma kayan aiki ga xari bisa dari, tara har zuwa 5 akai-akai na ammonium ga kowane naúrar da nauyi da makamai. Birnin Leningrad, a lokacin da kawancen ya iya samar da gaba tare da dukan zama dole soja kayan aiki da kuma kananan makamai. Kuma ga Tailoring kayan janyo hankalin ba kawai na musamman Enterprises, amma kuma 'yan asalin wanda ya sirri amfani dinki inji. A raya na sappers aka ƙarfafa data kasance gadoji da kuma gina sababbi. Don a tabbatar da tsarin kula da Neva aka gina kilomita 50 daga hanyoyi.

Musamman da hankali da aka biya a shiri na maza: da suka bukatar a sanar da yin yaki a cikin hunturu a cikin dazuzzuka da kuma kai farmaki da masu garu yanki, sanye take da karfi maki kuma pillboxes. A baya na kowane fili sun shirya polygons simulating yanayin da ake zargin kai hari mãkirci. Domin nasara injiniya kufaifan musamman hari kungiyoyin aka halicce su. Minefields wurare da aka gina. All shugabannin up ga shugabannin kamfanoni na m aka Fitted tare da ladabi daukar hoto taswirori da zane-zane. Regrouping aka samar na musamman da dare ko a mummunan yanayi. The aiki na gaban-line m. An da kafa tsaron gida wuri na maƙiyi hari. Ga jami'an an gina yaki wasanni. A karshe zamani ya da za su gudanar da wani live-wuta bada. Matakan ya sake kama da baza misinformation, kuma m halin asiri sun haifa 'ya'yan. Makiya san game da shirya kai hari kawai 'yan kwanaki. Kara inganta m shugabanci na Jamusawa ba su da lokaci.

A jeri na sojojin

Da samuwar na Leningrad Front matsayin wani ɓangare na 42nd, 55th, 67th Army gudanar tsaro na birnin daga ciki kudu-maso-gabashin gefe na zobe a kan layi Uritsk - Kolpino, dama-banki yankunan da Neva - Ladoga. 23rd Army gudanar tsaron gida ayyukan a gefen arewa na Karelian Isthmus. Force soja jirgin sama kunshi 13th Air Army. Nasara kawancen bayar tank 222, da kuma 37 gashi. Front umarta ta Lieutenant-Janar L. A. Govorov. Dakaru raka'a tare da iska support 14-th Air Army. 217 tankuna da aka mayar da hankali a wannan yanki. Volkhov Front umarta ta Janar K. A. Meretskov sojojin. A breakout shugabanci, ta amfani da reserves da kuma yin amfani da regrouping, cimma magabaci na manpower a cikin hudu da rabi sau, manyan bindigogi - sau bakwai, tankuna - sau goma, jirgin sama - sau biyu. Yawa bindigogi da kuma rokoki da Leningrad amounted zuwa 146 raka'a ta 1 km gaban. Har ila yau, m kiyaye manyan bindigogi Baltic jiragen ruwa da kuma Ladoga flotilla (88 zamo bindigogi daga 100 zuwa 406 mm) da kuma jirgin sama jiragen ruwa da jirgin sama.

A Volkhovsky shugabanci bindigogi yawa jeri daga 101 zuwa 356 raka'a ta kilometer. A total number of yajin karfi daga garesu kai 303 dubu sojoji da sanda. Makiya kewaye birnin da yaƙi da birnin ashirin da shida ƙungiyoyin da 18th Army (Army Group 'Arewa') da kuma samuwar na hudu Finnish rarrabu a arewa. Our sojojin sanya wani nasara da kawancen, ya sa su gabza da nauyi garu Shlisselburgskaya-Sinyavinskaya yanki, wanda aka kare ta biyar rarrabu, aka located ɗari bakwai bindigogi da kuma rokoki. ra'ayoyi Wehrmacht umurnin Janar G. Lindemann.

Battle Shlisselburgsky leji

A cikin dare na 11 a kan Janairu 12 jirgin sama Volkhov Front da kuma 13th Air Army na Leningrad Front aka aikata a m harin bom a kan wani pre-tsare da manufofi a shirya breakout yankin. Janairu 12 a rabin da tara da safe ya fara da manyan bindigogi shiri. Shelling maƙiyi matsayi dade sa'o'i biyu da minti goma. Domin rabin sa'a kafin hari gunships kai hari a garu defenses da kuma manyan bindigogi batura daga cikin Jamusawa. A 11,00 da 67th Army daga Neva da kuma karo na biyu naúrar na tura da takwas sojojin na Volkhov Front kaddamar da wani farmakin. dakaru hari goyon manyan bindigogi da harbe-harben ta samar da wata wuta shaft zurfin daya kilometer. Wehrmacht sojojin tsayayya nacewa, Soviet dakaru da aka jinkirin da m.

A lokacin kwanaki biyu na fada, da nisa tsakanin inganta kungiyoyin rage zuwa biyu kilomita. Kamar kwanaki shida daga baya da dannawa tsarin na Soviet Army ya iya gama a yankin na ma'aikata 'ƙauyuka, da lambar 1 da kuma yawan 5. Janairu 18 Shlisselburg (Petrokrepost) cikin birnin da aka saki da kuma barrantar da abokan gaba, duk dab da bakin Tekun Ladoga yankin. Da nisa daga ƙasar corridor sanya a sassa daban daban na 8 zuwa 10 kilomita. A ranar da keta kawancen na Birnin Leningrad, abin dogara ƙasar mahada cikin birnin tare da 'ɓangaren duniya' 'shi aka mayar da. United Group 2nd da 67th sojojin kokarin unsuccessfully wajen samar da nasarar da m da kuma fadada bridgehead zuwa kudu. Jamus suka kawo su reserves. A Janairu 19, kwana goma a kawo hadari sassan na Jamus umurnin da aka airlifted biyar rarrabuwa da kuma babban adadin manyan bindigogi. The m, a fannin Siniavino ebbed. Domin ci gaba da nasara da iyaka, da sojojin tafi a kan tsaron gida. Yana fara wuriyar yaƙi. The hukuma kwanan wata na aiki ne a ranar 30 ga watan Janairu.

A sakamakon m

A sakamakon Soviet sojojin na Wehrmacht aka fatattaki daga bakin Tekun Ladoga, amma birnin da aka har yanzu a gaban zone. A nasara da kawancen a lokacin aiki '' Iskra '' ya nuna balaga da soja high umurnin tunani. Da shan kashi na maƙiyi sojojin a kan garu yanki sosai hadewa hadin gwiwa hari daga waje da kuma waje ya zama wani m a cikin gida art na yaki. The sojojin sun samu gagarumin kwarewa a gudanar da m ayyukan a wani wooded yanki a cikin hunturu. Cin Nasara abokan gaba, hanyõyi tsaro tsarin ya nuna bukatar cikakken shiryawa da gudanar da manyan bindigogi wuta, kazalika da aiki motsi raka'a a fama.

asarar daga cikin jam'iyyun

Kamar yadda na jini su ne ta faɗa, bisa ga hasara Figures. 67th da 13th na Leningrad Front Army halakakku kashe da kuma raunata 41,2 dubu. Mutane, ciki har da irretrievable asarar amounted zuwa 12.4 dubu. Mutane. Volkhov Front rasa 73,9 da kuma 21.5 dubu. Mutane bi da bi. bakwai, maƙiyi ƙungiyoyin da aka lalata. Jamus asarar amounted zuwa fiye da dubu 30 mutane, deadweight -. 13 dubu mutane .. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda kofuna na Soviet sojojin samu game da hudu da bindigogi da kuma rokoki, 178 inji bindigogi, 5,000 bindigogi, babban yawa daga harsasai, ɗari da hamsin motoci. biyu sabuwar nauyi tankuna da aka kama da T-VI "Tiger".

babbar nasara

Operation '' Iskra '' karya da kawancen cimma da ake so sakamakon. A lokacin da kwana goma sha bakwai na hanya da kuma Railway layi tsawon na talatin da uku kilomita da aka aza tare da bakin Tekun Ladoga. Fabrairu 7 na farko jirgin kasa ya isa a Birnin Leningrad. Yana da aka mayar da wani kwari wadata na birnin da kuma soja raka'a, samar da wutar lantarki ta karu. Koma samar da ruwa. Ƙwarai inganta halin da ake ciki na farar hula, yawan, masana'antu Enterprises, da kuma gaban sadarwa na Baltic jiragen ruwa. A cikin wadannan watanni na shekara daga Birnin Leningrad, aka kwashe zuwa ga raya yankunan fiye da dubu ɗari takwas fararen hula.

A kwata 'yanci na Birnin Leningrad, daga kawancen a Janairu 1943 ya key lokacin a cikin tsaro na birnin. Soviet sojojin a cikin wannan yanki karshe kãma dabarun shirin. Yana da aka shafe hadari fili Jamus da kuma Finnish sojojin. Janairu 18 - da rana ta watse kawancen na Leningrad - birnin kammala wani mawuyacin lokaci na kadaici. A nasara kammala aiki shi ne babban akida muhimmanci ga mutane na kasar. Ba da manyan sikelin-yakin da yakin duniya na biyu ya kusantar da hankalin siyasa Elite daga cikin teku. Shugaban Amurka Theodore Roosevelt ya taya Soviet jagoranci da soja nasara, da kuma mazauna birnin aika da wasika, wanda ya amince da yawa daga cikin feat, su Indomitable Ya ɗaure a kan da kuma ƙarfin hali.

watse kawancen na Leningrad Museum

Cikin dukanin adawa line gina memorials a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ban tausayi da kuma jaruntakar events na waɗanda shekara. A shekarar 1985, a cikin Kirov gundumar na yankin kusa da kauyen na Marino da aka bude diorama '' Break da Siege na Leningrad '. Yana da yake a wannan wuri Janairu 12, 1943 da 67th sojojin raka'a haye Neva a kan kankara da kuma m, ta hanyar da makiya defenses. Diorama 'nasara Birnin Leningrad, kawancen' ' wakiltar wani zanen a kan size of 40 8 mita. A kan zane dake nuna irin abubuwan da suka faru na kai hari a kan Jamus defenses. Kafin zane gudunmawata shirin, tare da zurfafa jere daga 4 zuwa 8 mita, Ya mayar da wani uku-girma images of masu garu matsayi, sadarwa ramuka, soja kayan aiki.

Unity abun da ke ciki pictorial zane da kuma kewaya zane halitta gagarumin sakamako gaban. A cikin banki na Neva ne da wani abin tunawa a '' karya da kawancen '. Monument ne wani tanki T-34, saka a kan wani pedestal. Fada abin hawa rushes kamar haɗi zuwa Volkhov Front. A cikin bude yanki a gaban gidan kayan gargajiya ma nuna kayan aiki a lokacin yaki.

A karshe dagawa na kawancen na Leningrad. 1944

Complete kau na kewaye da birnin da aka sani kawai shekara daga baya a sakamakon manyan sikelin-Leningrad-Novgorod laifi. The sojojin na Volkhov, Baltic da kuma Birnin Leningrad, fronts ci babban sojojin na 18th Army na Wehrmacht. Janairu 27th kasance cikin aikin hukuma ranar cire kusan 900-rana kewaye. A 1943rd da aka rubuta a cikin historiography yakin duniya na II a matsayin shekarar da nasara na kawancen na Leningrad.