Konstantin Chernenko - babban sakataren CPSU

Bayan rasuwar Yuri Andropov babban sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis a cikin post Konstantin Chernenko Ustinovich aka zaba. Domin da yawa shi ne mai ban mamaki saduwa a matsayin sabon sakatare janar da mahara kiwon lafiya da matsaloli da kuma, a fili, ba tambaya ga wannan matsayi. A ƙarshe, ya zauna a gidansa post kasa da shekara guda da ya mutu daga m cardiac da hanta insufficiency.

Konstantin Chernenko, biography: farkon shekaru

A nan gaba sakatare janar aka haife shi a 1911 a kan Satumba 11 a wani baƙauye iyali. Ya ciyar da yara a wani m Siberian kauyen Bolshaya Tes (daga 1972 flooded ruwan Krasnoyarsk tafki) a cikin Yenisei lardin. Saiwoyinsa zo daga Ukraine (Ukraine). Back a cikin 18th karni kakanninsa Chernenko zaunar a kan bankunan na Yenisei River da kuma fara tafiyar da aikin noma. Mahaifinsa, Ustin Demidovich, bayan mutuwar matarsa ta farko, mahaifiyar Constantine, da kuma sauran yaran uku, aure a karo na biyu. Amma da dangantaka da uwar rana, biyu stepchildren da biyu stepdaughters bai yi aiki ba daga, kuma sunã da wata wuya rayuwa a gidan mahaifinsa. Quite yaro, Konstantin Chernenko rududdugaggu gida kulaks. Kamar dukan Soviet yara, aka kwantar da majagaba, kuma a cikin shekaru 14 da ya koma da Komsomol. Kuma a cikin shekaru 1926-1929. a makaranta kan matasa a Novoselovo.

ofishin

A shekarar 1931, Konstantin Chernenko aka zayyana, aka shiga soja. Ya aka sanya wa daya daga cikin iyakar soja raka'a located in Hogose, a kan ƙasa na Soviet Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan (a kan iyakar kasar da kasar Sin). Fiye da shekaru biyu na sabis, Konstantin Chernenko akai-akai nuna ta fi gefen: dauki bangare a cikin liquidation na almara band Bekmuratova, zama memba a cikin VKP (b), an zabe sakataren jam'iyyar kungiyar na kan iyaka.

Early aiki

Bayan ya dawo daga sabis, Chernenko aka nada darektan shiyya gidan jam'iyyar ilimi a birnin Krasnoyarsk. Duk da haka, ya zama shugaban sashen na agitation da kuma farfaganda a Novoselovskogo da Uyarsky District. Bayan fara yakin duniya na II, ya kuma an zabe sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis na Krasnoyarsk Abuja. Ina tabbatar yawa karanta tarihin rayuwar Konstantin Chernenko, zai yi mamaki da ta sa'a kuma abin mamaki: yaya ya ya iya sai da sauri samun ciyar? Akwai version cewa wannan taka leda a babban ɓangare na 'yar'uwarsa, Valentine, wanda yake "aboki" na farko sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis na Krasnoyarsk Territory aboki O. Aristov.

War kuma postwar shekaru

Daga 1943-1945 gg. shi samun aika zuwa Moscow don yin karatu a makarantar sakandare jam'iyyar shirya. A takaice, da yaki, Konstantin Chernenko, wanda posted da photo a cikin wata kasida da aka gudanar a baya da kuma ba da hannu a cikin wani daga cikin yãƙi. Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci, ya samu wani lambar yabo - "Domin Jarumi Labor". Duk da yake har yanzu a dalibi Jam'iyyar School, ya aka nada a matsayin sakataren yanki kwamitin na Penza yankin, inda ya yi aiki har shekara ta 1948. Sa'an nan, daga cibiyar, ya yi umurni zuwa tafi zuwa cikin Harshen Maldavian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar kuma shugaban na farfaganda Department na kwamitin tsakiya na Jamhuriyar.

Sani da Brezhnev

A Chisinau Chernenko gana da Leonidom Ilichom Brezhnevym. Wannan taron ya zama wani sauyi a ransa. Biyu maza fara sha tare da wani karfi juyayi, wanda nan da nan tasowa a cikin wani karfi aminci. Bayan wannan, su aiki hanyoyi intertwine naitesneyshim hanya. A shekarar 1953, a shekara 42, Chernenko kammala a baya nan hanya Chisinau Pedagogical Confucius da samu a diploma na mafi girma ilimi. Bayan shekaru uku, sai ya koma zuwa Moscow, ba ba tare da taimaka Leonida Ilicha, ya samun da post na shugaban na farfaganda Department of cikin CPSU kwamitin tsakiya, da kuma daga 1960 zuwa 1965. PVA ne karkashin jagorancin babban sakatarenta na Tarayyar Soviet. A wannan shekara, Chernenko ya zama shugaban babban sashen na kwamitin tsakiya, inda ya yi aiki har shekara ta 1982. A lokaci guda, ya zama sakatare na KP. Domin da yawa membobin kwamitin tsakiya ya bayyana sarai cewa mafi m ga mutumin da sabon sakataren YAKE Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich. Shekaru na Brezhnev ta sarautar kasance mafi hayayyafa domin shi, kuma ya hau tsani kusan zuwa saman. Bugu da kari ga posts wanda ya gudanar a hukumance, ya bayyana a matsayin mafi Amintaccen mutum Leonida Ilicha. Mutane da yawa ji kishin shi, amma tsoron.

m shahararsa

Wani lokaci yana da jũna cewa, kasar tana mulki ba Brezhnev da Konstantin Chernenko, saboda da yawa daga cikin ayyukan da Sakatare Janar, ya bauta wa da shi. Kuma da "m Cardinal" a lokacin da aka kira shi, saboda da ra'ayin cewa duk muhimmanci yanke shawara fitowa daga gare shi. Leonid Ilyich kusan duk biya da hankali ga ya ra'ayi. A takaice, Chernenko ya zama ba makawa mutum. Komai, Brezhnev ji cewa daga cikin ƙasusuwansa (as ya kira cikin auna shi) bai zo da wani barazana ga ikonsa, domin ya ji dadi a cikin "posts" na hannun dama na kasar shugaba.

tafiye-tafiye

Dogara a kan Brezhnev Chernenko ya kai irin wannan har ba ya iya tafiya a mataki ba tare da shi. Chernenko aka tare da sakatare-janar a tafiye-tafiye a kasashen waje. A shekarar 1975, suka biya ziyarar Finland, kuma a shekarar 1979 ya tafi zuwa kasar Austria. Akwai 'yan mafi ziyara zuwa gurguzu kasashen.

Personal rai

Chernenko sau biyu aure. Matarsa ta farko da aka Faina Vasilevna, wanda ta haifa masa ɗa, kuma 'ya mace. A 'yan shekaru da rayuwar aure sun nuna cewa aurensu ya kuskure, da kuma biyu m up. Duk da haka Konstantin Ustinovich kula da yara, da kuma daga baya tsunduma a su ci gaba up da aiki tsani. Saboda haka, har yanzu wani saurayi, ɗansa ya gaji 1st Sakataren birnin kwamitin na birnin Tomsk. 'Yar guda imani, yana da damar da za su tafi makaranta, a Birnin Washington. A karo na biyu Konstantin Ustinovich aure a shekarar 1944. Matarsa ya Anna Dmitrievna. Mai hikima, basira mace. An ce, ta ya iya ba da dama shawara ga mijinta da kuma cewa ta ba da gudummawar zuwa fitowan da wani karfi aminci tsakanin Brezhnev da Chernenko.

Annabci ... tare da wani bata lokaci ba

Tun da 1974, Brezhnev aka tsanani da rashin lafiya. Kuma da muhallin, ba shakka, yi tunani game da wanda zai gaje shi. Saboda a cikin wadannan shekaru fi kusa da babban sakataren Chernenko mutum shi ne, shi ne, an dauke shi wani abu dan takarar shugaban kasa. Duk da haka, a lokacin da, a cikin Nuwamba 1982, Brezhnev ya mutu a barci, abu na farko da shi aka sa ta Gromyko da Andropov. Yau an riga an sane da cikakken bayani game da ranar mutuwa na Soviet shugaban, da kuma wasu bayanai da suke yi wa for gani. A gado marigayin a ƙunƙuntaccen da'irar, an yanke shawarar cewa post na babban sakataren Brezhnev maye gurbinsu ... ba, Chernenko da Yuriy Andropov. Duk da haka, ya ba da ya dauki wannan matsayi, da kuma a cikin wani shekara na annabci zo gaskiya: Konstantin Ustinovich ya zama shugaban Tarayyar Soviet. Akwai version cewa zaben da gudummawar da yanke shawara, dauka a asirce "tsufa" na Politburo wanda mafarkansu na maido, ko kuma wajen, da farfado da na Brezhnev zamanin.

Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich: waje da kuma na cikin gida da manufofin

Fabrairu 13, 1984, watanni biyu, kafin mutuwar Yuri Andropov, kasar koya sunan sabon sakataren. Suka zama Konstantin Chernenko - wannan m shahararsa a zamanin mulkin Brezhnev. Ya kasance 73 years old, kuma ya yi tsanani kiwon lafiya matsaloli. Duk da haka, sabon babban sakataren dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin halittar sabon kundin tsarin mulki na Tarayyar Soviet. A lokacin da shekaru na sabis da Fatherland, ya sau uku girmama tare da Order "Golden Star" da sunan "Hero of Socialist Labor".

A watan Afrilu na wannan shekara, bayan Andropov ta mutuwa, ya kuma an zabe shugaban Presidium da Tarayyar Soviet Koli Soviet. A cikin gajeren lokaci kan gadon sarauta, duk da m rashin lafiya, Chernenko har yanzu gudanar da alama shi a dama muhimmanci events. Idan aka yi 'yan gyare-gyare na makaranta ilimi. Satumba 1, kasar suka hukuma da aka sani da Rãnar Ilimi. Chernenko kusantar da hankali ga detrimental sakamako a kan matasa na yammacin dutse music, a sakamakon kasar gwagwarmaya da aka kulla akan ubangiji tare da mai son was. Amma ga kasashen waje da manufofin, a lokacin da ya mulkin An lura da xumamar dangantakar tare da kasar Sin, kazalika da Spain. A karo na farko a cikin tarihin huldar diplomasiyya Sarkin Spain isa a Moscow. Amma tare da Amurka, a akasin haka, dangantakar da rincabewa ko da kara. Aka yanke shawarar kauracewa wasannin Olympics da a shekarar 1984 a Los Angeles.

More cikakken bayani game da 390 kwanakin da ya yi mulki za a iya samu a cikin littafin na Victor Pribytkova "{asa Konstantin Chernenko." Akwai da yawa ban sha'awa facts cewa zai zubar da haske a kan gajeren lokaci a cikin rayuwarku ta Tarayyar Soviet.

K. U. Chernenko mutu a asibiti a 1985, Maris 10, kuma shi ne na karshe shugaban jam'iyyar na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda aka binne shi a kusa da Kremlin bango.