Otto von Bismarck: The Way na Iron Chancellor

Otto von Bismarck ne shahararren Jamus dattaku. An haife shi a 1815 a Shonhauzene. Otto von Bismarck samu ya dokar mataki. Ya kasance mafi reactionary mataimakin united Prussian Landtag (1847-1848 gg.), Kuma taka leda a cikin matsananci danniya na wani sauyi ayyuka.

A cikin tsawon 1851-1859 Bismarck wakilta Prussia Bundestags (Frankfurt). Daga shekarar 1859 har zuwa 1862 th shekaru, ya aka aika zuwa Rasha a matsayin jakada, kuma a cikin 1862 - a Faransa. A wannan shekara Korol Vilgelm na I bayan tsarin mulki rikici tsakanin shi da Bismarck Landtag nada zuwa matsayi na shugaban kasar na kasar. A wannan matsayin da ya kare da hakkin daga gidan sarauta, da iko, da warware rikici a cikin ni'ima.

A cikin 60s, duk da kundin tsarin mulki da kuma kasafin kudin hakkokin da Landtag, Otto von Bismarck sauya sojoji, wanda tsanani ya karu da Prussian soja iko. A 1863 ya qaddamar wata yarjejeniya tare da gwamnatin Rasha a kan hadin gwiwa a kan danniya na wani yunkuri a Poland.

Goyon baya da Prussian soja na'ura, shi daukawa fitar da daidaituwa na Jamus a sakamakon da Danish (1864), da Austro-Prussian (1866) da kuma Franco-Prussian (1870-1871) Wars. A 1871 Bismarck samun post kansila na Jamus Empire. A wannan shekarar, ya kasance rayayye Faransa agaji a cikin danniya na da Paris ƙungiya. Shan amfani da sosai m hakkokin, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck a kowane hanya ƙarfafa matsayi a cikin jihar daga cikin bourgeois-Junker block.

A cikin 70s ya yi magana fita a kan Katolika jam'iyyar da kuma da'awar da clerical da particularist adawa, da goyan bayan Paparoma Pius IX (Kulturkampf). A 1878-m Iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck amfani kawai da shari'a (da m da kuma cutarwa nufi) zuwa ga Socialists, kuma su shirin. Wannan mulki ya haramta ayyukan da Social Democratic-jam'iyyun waje da abun da ake ci da Reichstag.

Duk lokacin da gwamnonin Chancellor Bismarck ya yi kokarin unsuccessfully su hana flywheel na neman sauyi ma'aikata motsi. Da gwamnatinsa ta kuma rayayye suppressed kasa motsi a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland yankuna cewa kasance wani ɓangare na Jamus. Daya daga cikin cigaba da ya jimlar Germanization na yawan jama'a. Chancellor na gwamnati a cikin bukatun da babban bourgeoisie da Junkers za'ayi protectionist manufofin.

Otto von Bismarck ta kasashen waje da manufofin a saman fifiko dauke matakan hana fansa daga Faransa bayan ta sha kashi da Franco-Prussian War. Saboda haka, ya aka shirya domin wani sabon rikici da kasar ko da kafin shi ne iya mayar da soja ƙarfinsa. Faransa jihar a baya yaki, rasa mai da muhimmanci sosai ta fuskar tattalin arziki yankin Lorraine da Alsace.

Bismarck ƙwarai tsoron cewa anti-German hadaka za a halitta. Saboda haka, a 1873 ya qaddamar da sanya hannu kan "Union of Three sarakuna" (tsakanin Jamus, Austria-Hungary, Rasha). A shekarar 1979, Bismarck kammala dual alliance, da kuma a 1882 - da Triple Alliance (Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary), wanda aka directed da Faransa. Duk da haka, kansila tsoron yaki a kan biyu fronts. A 1887 ya sanya hannu tare da Rasha "a kwangila na reinsurance."

A marigayi 80 ta militarist da'ira na Jamus zai fara yaƙi da Rasha Empire wani m yaki, amma Bismarck dauke da wannan rikici ne hadarin gaske musamman ga kasar. Duk da haka, shigar azzakari cikin farji na Jamus a cikin Balkan Larabawa da kuma lobbying inda Austro-Hungarian bukatun, kazalika da matakan da Rasha fitarwa spoiled dangantaka tsakanin Amurka, wanda ya kai ga haduwa da Faransa da kuma Rasha.

Chancellor kokarin samun kusa da Birtaniya, amma ba su gane zurfin data kasance sabani tare da wannan kasa. The mahada na Anglo-German bukatun a sakamakon Birtaniya mulkin mallaka fadada jagoranci wani tabarbarewar dangantakar da ke tsakanin jihohi. Recent kasawa a kasashen waje da manufofin da m counter neman sauyi motsi ya kai ga murabus daga Bismarck a 1890. Ya mutu a cikin Estate bayan shekaru 8 bayan haka.