Lafiyar Qasa: abu da kuma yanayi manufofin, hanyoyin

Geosphere dokokin, search da kuma watsuwar dangantaka tsakanin mutum da yanayi, kazalika da gina wani mafi kyau duka model na wannan hulda - wannan shi ne abin da kimiyya na da lafiyar qasa. Subject da kuma muhalli a raga, manufofin da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike - abin da suke? Wannan za a tattauna kara.

Mene ne lafiyar qasa?

Yana da wani kimiyya, daga abin da, a gaskiya, ya dogara a kan gaba na al'ummar dan Adam. A XXI karni, a rikicin a cikin dangantaka tsakanin mutum da yanayi ya tsananta ga matuƙa, don haka babban makasudin da kuma muhalli da manufofin karya a gano hanyoyin da za a warware rikici.

Sunan zo daga biyu tarbiyya walnuts kalmomi: "oikos" - "gidan, gida" da "tambura" - "koyarwa". A 1866, na farko da aka ambata kimiyya "da lafiyar qasa", batu da kuma matsalolin da ke jẽranta halaye na hulda da al'ummomi daga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da juna da kuma da yanayi. Wannan lokaci da aka buga da Jamus masanin kimiyya Ernest Haeckal a shafukan da littafin "The janar ilimin halittar jiki na kwayoyin."

Broadly magana, abu na nazarin lafiyar qasa da yake a cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin kwayoyin da duniya ke kewaye da su, kazalika da a nazarin tsarin da kuma shiri ta kunsa da alƙarya, rabuwa sunadaran kula da su da kwanciyar hankali a sarari-lokaci filin.

Jigon Lafiyar Qasa XXI-st karni

Kawai a karshen cikin XIX karni shi ya kafa wani kimiyya da lafiyar qasa. The abu da kuma manufar ta a lokacin da aka iyakance ga nazarin dangantakar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da yanayi na da mazauninsu. A gaskiya, irin wannan shi ya kasance har sai da tsakiyar karni na ashirin, yayin da rikewa da siffofin zalla nazarin halittu tarbiyya.

Zuwa ga karshen karni na karshe, yanayi yana zama daya daga cikin na farko roba (gwiwar) kimiyya. A zamanin yau, shi ya rike Greek sunan. A gaskiya shi ne, a ainihi, ba quite daidai nuna babban muhalli manufofin.

Modern Lafiyar Qasa XXI Century - da kimiyya da dabarun domin kiyayewa da kuma ci gaba mai dorewa na rayuwa a kan duniya baki daya. Wannan shi ne babban manufar wannan horo, hada msar tambayar da m fasali.

Lafiyar Qasa: batun da yanayi matsala

Amma babban methodological na'ura na wani kimiyya a cikin ni'imar da batun kwayoyin halitta da kuma hadaddun ayyuka. "Ilimi na yanayin da tattalin arzikin," - wannan alama, Ernest Haeckal da lafiyar qasa. Subject da kuma muhalli da manufofin - abin da suke? Bari mu yi kokarin warware wannan batu.

Don amsa wannan tambaya za ka bukatar ka dõgara a kan sanannun a cikin kimiyya tsarin ka'ida. Yana bayar da wani fahimtar da na halitta da tsarin kamar yadda guda, Hadakar tsarin. Bisa ga manufa na tsanaki, abu na nazarin lafiyar qasa ne yanayin kasa (ko kuma wajen, wani yanayin kasa na daban da darajõji).

Lafiyar Qasa a cikin ci gaban da nufin amsa muhimman abubuwa biyu tambayoyi:

1. Mene ne tsarin da yanayin kasa.
2. Yaya ta yi aiki da aka kirkiro yanayin kasa.

Haka kuma, da dukan yanayi ne zuwa kashi biyu manyan sassan: tsarin da kuma tsauri. Kuma cikinsu akwai a kusa hulda.

Bisa ga kimiyya manufa na tsarin, shi ne kuma zai yiwu a delineate batun kwayoyin halitta na wannan kimiyya: nazarin tsarin, halaye da kuma alamu na yanayin kasa aiki a daban-daban matakan.

Mene ne manufofin kafa da kanta da kimiyya na da lafiyar qasa? A wadannan za a iya bambanta daga gare su:

1. Janar da kuma m nazarin Muciya, kuma ta ci gaba a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban dalilai.
2. Tsinkaya kuzarin kawo cikas ta kunsa a sarari-lokaci filin.
3. Development of hanyoyi don inganta dangantaka tsakanin mutum da yanayi domin inganta ingancin rayuwa a duniya baki daya.

Lafiyar Qasa Place a general ilimin kimiyya tsarin

Modern Lafiyar Qasa hadawa abubuwa na halitta, mutum, daidai da fasaha kimiyyar. Biology, labarin kasa, magani, da tattalin arziki, Psychology, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da kuma muhalli management - wadannan da kuma wasu sauran tarbiyya shi ne a kusa da hulda.

Bugu da kari, a tsaka-tsaki na da lafiyar qasa da sauran ilimomin kusa da shi a kafa wani sabon gaba daya da kuma m horo. Daga cikin su - bioecology, geo-da lafiyar qasa, injiniya da lafiyar qasa, noospherology da kuma kama.

A tsarin na zamani muhalli kimiyya

Don kwanan wata, akwai fiye da 100 inda ake nufi a muhalli kimiyya, kowanne daga abin da aka tsunduma a cikin kunkuntar al'amurran da suka shafi. Akwai da dama muhalli sukayi fassara, kowanne daga abin da aka gina a kan Usul. A mafi cikakken kuma m ne tsarin samarwa da masanin kimiyyar M. Reimers.

Ya offers raba muhalli kimiyya cikin biyu manyan tubalan:

1. Irfanin da lafiyar qasa.
2. Aiyuka Lafiyar Qasa.

A farko hada BIOECOLOGY da dukan da yawa subdivisions, kazalika da hutu. Naúrar ne wani ɓangare na aiyuka Lafiyar Qasa geoecology, sotsioekologiya, Biospherology da kuma muhalli da aikin injiniya da rassansa.

A muhimmanci sosai wuri a cikin amfani da block maida hankali ne akan aikin injiniya da lafiyar qasa - nazarin daga cikin abubuwan da sharudda ga gurbacewar muhalli. Yana kuma sau da yawa ake magana tehnoekologiey. Yana hada yawa tarbiyya: lafiyar qasa da makamashi, da lafiyar qasa da kai da kuma sadarwa, yanayi da aikin noma, cosmic yanayi, muhalli da tasiri kima da sauransu.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa kowane daga cikin wadannan tarbiyya da aka tsara don warware wani kewayon matsaloli da kalubale. A wannan yanayin, da suka duka amfani da aukuwa da kuma nasarorin da sauran muhalli tarbiyya.

Manufofi da kuma hanyoyin da lafiyar qasa

Domin warware hadaddun matsaloli na ta muhalli kimiyya yana amfani da mai fadi da kewayon daban-daban hanyoyin. Su za a iya wakilta uku main kungiyoyin:

1. Hanyar ga tãra bayanai a kan matsayi da kuma aiki ta kunsa.
2. Hanyar for sarrafa bayanai samu.
3. Hanyar fassara da kayan da sakamakon.

The rare hanyoyin amfani a Kare Mahalli a yau: da keken dubawa da bincikawa, ilimin lissafi, da linzaman taswira, da tallan kayan kawa Hanyar. Yau ne musamman rare yi na ilmin lissafi model. Domin wannan m yanayin kasa model dangane da fitar da "a" empirical facts da kuma kayan (da musamman haruffa). Sa'an nan, canza dabi'u na wasu sigogi, zaka iya lura da yadda su dõra (bambanta) tsarin.

A ƙarshe ...

Kusan rabin karni da suka wuce kimiyya tashi daga m ci gaban da a yau ta shafi gaba na dukan 'yan adam. Sunan wannan kimiyya - lafiyar qasa. Subject da kuma muhalli da manufofin ne don nazarin da halaye da kuma dokokin aiki ta kunsa, wanda ake ci gaba a kan tushen da ci gaba mai dorewa dabarun na rayuwa a kan wannan duniya tamu. Mutumin zamani ba ya bukatar ya tabbatar da wajibcin da wanzuwar wannan kimiyya.