Lafiyar Qasa - wannan ne rayuwa

Lafiyar Qasa - da kimiyya da karatu da dangantakar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da juna da kuma da su muhalli. Kalmar da aka farko amfani da Ernest Haeckal a 1866. A ranar, da yanayi - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci na kimiyyar yanayin halitta, yana babban muhimmanci ga rayuwar wani zamani mutum. Duk da haka, wannan horo ne har yanzu da yawa jayayya tsakanin masana kimiyya tattauna da abu na ta binciken, da tsarin, da definition "Kare Mahalli" da kuma wasu al'amurran da suka shafi. A general Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa za a iya sanya da dama wuraren view ne da wadannan: za a iya kira wani muhalli nazarin za'ayi don su bincika m aiki na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a cikin halitta mazauninsu, an kafa tsakanin su da kuma sanin da tasiri a kan muhalli. Kuma lura da cewa a ce, misali, "bad yanayi" ne ba daidai ba, saboda da lafiyar qasa ne mai kimiyya, ba muhalli halaye.

The abu na binciken yanayi ne babbar nazarin halittu tsarin: Yawan jama'a, biocenosis, yanayin kasa. The abu na binciken - ci gaban da wadannan tsarin a lokaci da kuma sarari. Lafiyar Qasa - a kimiyya da take kokarin magance da yawa daban-daban msar tambayar da m matsaloli, za mu haskaka da mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu. Saboda haka, yanayi ne na kokarin kafa dokokin, wanda tsakanin kafa biocenoses yadda ya kamata kasaftawa albarkatun wajibi ne a rayuwa, da kuma koyi yadda za a sarrafa wadannan dokoki a karkashin yanayi na wani mutum aiki baki a cikin halitta tafiyar matakai.

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, da yanayi - wannan shi ne wani sosai rigima magana, kuma da tsarin da aka kuma dauke shubuha: daban-daban malamai sun gano fannoni daban daban na ta binciken. Magana game da rarrabuwa na karatu muhalli matakan kungiyar na rai al'amari.

1. Autoekologiya karatu mutane kwayoyin matakin. Binciko iyãkõkin da muhalli da yanayi , a cikinsa akwai iya zama mutum.
2. Yawan jama'a da lafiyar qasa da karatunsa na yawan matakin. Ya duba yanayin karkashin wanda da samuwar da yawan jama'a da kuma halaye a cikinsu.
3. Eydekologiya karatu iri. A lokacin, shi ne kalla gaggawa muhalli yankin, kamar yadda sha'awa da aka sauya daga cikin yawan matakin to biocenotic bypassing da jinsunan matakin.
4. Synecology nazarin biocenotic matakin. Ya duba samuwar kuma muhimmancin biocenoses rayuwa aiki.
5. Global Lafiyar Qasa da karatunsa da biosphere. Bincika karshen matsalar.

Bisa ga asali kwatance na da lafiyar qasa kafa da yawa sabon kuma mafi musamman. Bugawa muhalli sassan suna a hankali lauye da sauran kimiyya ne, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra yadda ya dace da gudanar da bincike a duk shafa yankunan.

Academician S. S. Shvarts ce cewa lafiyar qasa "zama da msar tambayar tushen masana'antu al'umma a cikin yanayin mutum hali." A cewar wannan sanarwa daya zai iya yin hukunci da muhimmancin kimiyya aka bayyana ta da mu. Yau, da lafiyar qasa da yanayi da ake karatu a wata yawan jami'o'i a Rasha Federation.