"Lee-Enfield" - Burtaniya bindiga. Description, halaye, da hotuna

Duniya gidan makamai tarihi sani lokuta da dama a lokacin da wasu bindiga zama real "fuska" a lokacinsa. Wannan shi ne mu na "trehlineyka", wannan bindiga ya "Lee-Enfield". Har yanzu, haraji a fadin duniya za su iya cokali mai yatsu fitar da wani nagari jackpot sa'a wanda zai iya bayar da su ta samfurin wannan makami a cikakken yanayin. A Birtaniya kanta da irin wannan bindigogi da wannan muhimmancin, wanda muke da almara "mosinka".

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara?

A karo na farko da wani English bindiga na irin wannan da aka soma ta Royal Army a 1895. A gaskiya, shi ne kai tsaye gada na bindiga "Lee-Enfield" a 1853. Sha'awa, da asali da makami ne , an halitta musamman domin baki foda. Lokacin da muka gwada da harsashi da sabon hayaki-free samfurori, da zarar ya bayyana cewa wani makami da za a yi amfani da gaba daya m.

Birtaniya da gaggawa wajen samar da wani sabon ganga tare da wani daban-daban sanyi na rifling. Hakika, halartar canji, da baƙin ƙarfe gani. Ya "iyawa" sabon "Lee-Enfield" cikakken nuna a lokacin da na jini Boer War.

Idan kana da wani yaro karanta kasada litattafan, ku yiwuwa tuna da "Boers" da "kwadago", kyale su buge wani abokin gaba da haddi a lokacin nisa. A gaskiya ma, a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kawai wannan game da Birtaniya "Lee-Enfield", a matsayin Boers (Dutch mulkin mallaka) amfani da yawanci German "Mauser".

Ba zato ba tsammani, da Jamusanci kayayyakin a cikin wadanda rikice-rikice tabbatar da mafi alhẽri, amma shi ne m Birtaniya touted ya bindiga, wanda ya tun sau da yawa kira shi "ruwan kasa."

Ya nuna cewa Afirka events?

Birtaniya lashe yaki, amma CSKA sun sha wahala ƙwarai daga ainihin "Mauser". Ba abin mamaki ba cewa sun bukaci canji na bindigogi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a 1903 wani sabon model - SMLE Mk I. Abin da ke sa shi daban-daban daga da magabata?

Wadannan misalin da Jamus, Birtaniya yanke shawarar aikata wani abu tsaka-tsaki tsakanin wani sojan doki carbine da kuma "cika" da bindiga a size (as "Mauser K98"). Wannan ya quite mai yiwuwa mafita, kamar yadda ya rigaya a cikin yaki ya bayyana cewa sojojin doki ya zama kasa mai muhimmanci da kuma cewa doki da sojoji ko da yaushe dole dismount zuwa wuta a fama yanayin.

A 1907 soma da gyara dauki SMLE Mk.III, wanda aka halin da yiwuwar m caji via shirye-shiryen bidiyo. Wannan bindiga "Lee-Enfield" da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a lokacin yakin duniya na kuma shi ne kyawawan mai kyau tabbatar da kanta. Sojoji ƙaunar wannan gun for high ainihin da kuma daidaito. A 1916 ta soma "tsaka-tsakin" version na bindiga, wanda za a iya sanya a Saukake fasahar, cewa a wartime yanayin da aka quite superfluous.

A makamai don haka kamar sojoji?

Duk da wasu a zahiri m "yaudare", Birtaniya sun iya haifar da wani musamman m makami. Akwai lokuta a lokacin da sojoji a nade rufe m rag, sa'an nan ya ci gaba da yaki da ko sa'ad da yake kwance a ruwa ramuka. A fuskar akai harin na babban bindigogi a lokacin da duk abinda ke ciki na ramuka ta wãyi gari an rufe shi da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer laka da yashi, da AMINCI wadannan bindigogi ne kawai a kyauta daga sama.

kara ci gaba da

Kafin yakin duniya na II aka soma da canji na SMLE No.1 (SMLE No.4 Mk. I). Major sababbin abubuwa sun damu halittar wani karin Hardy akwati, mai sauki da kuma manufacturable karɓa. Har ila yau, yayin da akwai wani sauki raya gani, ƙwarai inganta daidaito na yin saiti da kuma wuta.

Idan muka kwatanta da sabon bindiga da baya gyare-gyare, shi ya zama ma fi sauki ne kuma abin dogara. Service makamai fara cinyewa da yawa kasa lokaci. rufe hanya ne yayi gajarta, na iya zama sauri da kuma sauki a juggle. A karshe, cikin kudi na wannan bindiga a karon farko ta zarce cewa na "Mauser".

Game da "nauyi" daga cikin halaye na

Ya kamata a lura cewa Birtaniya sojoji alama daya kawai drawback - da nauyi. Kawai a karo na biyar gyara auna 3.3 kg, da kuma duk sauran bambance-bambancen karatu sun kasance a cikin kewayon 4 kg (bindiga No. 4 Mk. Na auna 4.11 kg). A daya hannun, mu "mosinka" bayoneti ja duk 4.5 kg, don haka da cewa wannan hasara ne m da sauran fafatawa a gasa. Af, "Mauser K98" da kuma auna game da 4.1 kg, don haka a nan - cikakken parity.

Maharbi "Gwanayen irin wannan tsangayar" da sauran gyare-gyare

A kan tushen da na karshe gyara fara ƙirƙirar da maharbi bindigogi, a matsayin bukatar a raba category da makamai ga "sharpshooters" a lokacin da aka bayyana. Duk da haka, da Burtaniya bai isa masana'antu a kan mutum conveyors: kawai zabi da makamai daga cikin janar tari, dangane da karin daidaito da kuma daidaito (a cikin wannan hanyar da muka yi da cewa a cikin Wehrmacht). Names maharbi gyare-gyare - SMLE No.4 Mk. I (T).

A shekarar 1944, tsananin fadan da ya barke a Burma da sauran sassa na nahiyar Asiya, inda Birtaniya kokarin fitar da Japan, wanda sauƙi shoved daga Birtaniya a farkon yakin duniya na II. Yana da sauri ya bayyana cewa, tsayayyen dakaru bindiga a Jungle ji sosai m saboda dogon ganga ƙwarai takaita 'yancin rawar daji.

Saboda wannan, da zanen da aka sauri kafa bindiga No. 5 Mk. Na Jungle Carbine. A wannan bindiga flash haɗẽwar haushi da aka furta, kuma ya fi guntu ganga da forend. Amma sojojin na wannan canji daban-daban domin dalilai ba su son a cikin sojojin, wannan model ba yadu amfani.

Af, abin da yake cikin kewayon wuta na makami? Yana da quite m: a farko gyare-gyare - 2743 mita, a bindiga No. 5 Mk. Na Jungle - 1000 mita. Hakika, duk wannan - "wani doki a wani wuri", tun da, a yi, da tasiri kewayon wuta babu fiye 500-900 mita, amma wadannan sakamakon (ko da ta yau nagartacce) yana da kyau qwarai. Domin kusa fama da aka tsara bayoneti, "Lee-Enfield" aka sanye take da wani m ruwa, wanda har yanzu sosai yaba da haraji.

Tatsuniyoyi da kuma "nemi hadisin"

Up har da marigayi 50-ies karni na karshe, wadannan makamai da aka dauke da makamai da Royal Army. A ka'ida, da bindiga daga daya daga cikin sama model iya har yanzu za a iya samu a wadannan kasashe da suke Birtaniya mazauna. An sani cewa Mujahideen a Afghanistan da aka rayayye yi amfani da "Enfields" a cikin hare-hare a kan mu da sojoji. A daidai wannan tãtsũniyõyin cewa bayyana ainihin amfani da "Boers", shi ya tun tara mai girma da yawa.

Alal misali, yana yiwuwa su yarda da gaskiyar cewa harsashi kora daga tsohon Turanci bindiga, da gaske karya misali sojojin flak jacket. Amma da labaru na farfashe Armoured Personnel Carrier ...!? Don sa shi mai laushi, wannan bayanai sa shakku tsakanin masana kamar yadda makamai na BTR-70/80 riqe, ko da yake ba a mayar da hankali, ya zamo kamar 12.7 mm. Akwai kuma bayanai da cewa daga cikin "Boers" Soviet kai jirage masu saukar ungulu da aka buga sau da yawa.

Tare da wannan, za ka iya kuma yarda: da "MI-8" makamai ne ba a matsayin aji, don haka babu wani abu abin mamaki a cikin wannan aukuwa a can. Bayan duk, a Vietnam da Amurka "Hugh" kuma an buga daga cikin sauki na bindigogi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. A takaice, rigima muhawara game da amfani ko rashin amfani "Enfield" za'ayi ya zuwa yanzu, da kuma ba za su iya ganin karshen.

fasaha halaye

Daga cikin tsarin ra'ayi na wani English bindiga ne a classic wakilin makami da manual sake saiti da zamiya aron kusa. Babban alama - desyatizaryadny shop, wanda, ko da yake da karfi a cikin ni'imar da girma "rawar soja" shi ne ba m. A hoto ne a fili a bayyane makami.

Kawai sa, shi wajibi ne don laifi, turawa bawul din zuwa karshen wuri (as trehlineyke ko "Mauser"). Duk da haka, a cikin zurfin na jawo matsara ne a sakata wanda za a iya amfani da su cire store. Ko da yake wannan wani zaɓi an yi amfani ne kawai a lokacin da ake bukata don gudanar da tsaftace ko sauyawa na sassa.

harsasai

Caji da aka yi ta tsaye Ramin a cikin karɓa. Shi ne, kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, da aka saki kawai a lokacin da rufe ne da cikakken bude. Cajin makami iya zama kamar wanda ya zama majiɓinci, kuma ƙuƙumma, kowanne daga abin da biyar akai-akai. Kamar dukan bindigogi na zamani, don saukaka wa karshen irin loading a sosai mai karɓar milled GROOVES.

Af, abin da irin harsashi da aka yi amfani da nan? "Lee-Enfield" equips quite takamaiman harsasai: zamo .303 Birtaniya, cewa a adam da awo tsarin - 7.7 mm. hannun riga tsawon - 56 mm. Ya kamata a lura cewa, ainihin zamo makamai amounted zuwa 7,69 mm, amma daga baya saboda da miƙa mulki ga sabon tsarin na rifling shi ya dauki canza.

Features da kuma rufe jawo

A kasa na ƙofar sun biyu tsinkaya, da wanda ya fitar m kulle na ganga. Lokacin da ka rufe rufe ta atomatik fararwa cocked. Rike rike for recharging ya dan kadan lankwasa, ya sunkuya. Sam rufe ne mai sauqi ka rike, yana da wani "m", amma, haka ma, short bugun jini. Saboda karshen al'amari na samar da karin kudi, wanda ya kasance kullum shahara bindiga "Lee-Enfield".

USM (watau jawo inji) - da mafi sauki, dan wasan da irin. Akwai fis located a gefen hagu na karɓa. Ba kamar mu trehlineyki wannan abu a kan "Baturiya" ya sosai dadi, tare da fis iya gudu a yatsa na hannu daya ba tare da canza riko da makamai.

Bugu da kari, da bindiga, "Lee-Enfield" wani biyu-mataki zuriya, wanda ƙwarai inganta daidaito. Yana da matukar ban sha'awa da ya yi wuyansa butt: ciwon kusan "bindiga" siffar, shi yana da matukar ergonomic, wanda muhimmanci inganta riko da makamai.

Idan ka duba a butt, za ku samu a can ne uku kananan ramuka, daya tsara don adana ruwa mai guba da magani na'urori, da sauran biyu suna da ake bukata don rage total nauyi na makami. A general, itace a cikin shiri na da yawa: photo nuna da makamai da ake yi daga wannan abu duk overlays.