Ma'adini gilashi: ƙayyadaddu na samarwa, Gost. Tantancewar ma'adini gilashi: da amfani da

Glass - daya daga cikin tsofaffin kayan, wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin duk yankuna na m adam aiki godiya ga wani sa na amfani halaye da dukiyoyinsu. A lokacin ta zama (fiye da 5 dubu. Years), ta sinadaran dabara ya kasance kusan guda, amma ta ingancin ya canza.

ma'adini gilashi

Domin shekaru, mutumin da ya nemi ya haifar da gilashin mafi m da kuma resistant zuwa daban-daban hallakaswa dalilai. A sakamakon niyya kyautata bayyana ma'adini gilashi - wani sabon gaba daya da irin kayan da halaye da shafi sani. Zai yiwu wannan gilashi zai ƙayyade shugabanci na kara ci gaba da mutãne. Ma'adini gilashi - wani samfurin dab tsarki silicon oxide (Sio _2). Ba kamar talakawa gilashi, wannan abu ne a cikin amorphous jihar, Ina nufin yana da wani takamaiman narkewa zafin jiki da kuma lokacin da ya kona daga m ga ruwa jihar Saide hankali. Sun fi mayar saboda wannan dukiya na ma'adini ko silica, gilashin samu irin wannan fadi da aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu.

A tsarin da ma'adini gilashi

Amorphous abu saboda da tsarin, wanda dogara ne a kan silicon-oxygen tetrahedra. Kwayoyin Sio ₂ "sadarwa" da juna saboda juna janye oxygen kwayoyin halitta. Tare da suke samar da wata uku-girma Grid, duk da cewa tsananin domin zumunta da juna ba yanzu a cikin kwayoyin tsari. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ma'adini gilashi da kaddarorin amorphous kayan.

A silicate gilashi, kamar yadda ya saba, samar da dab a feedstock. Kamar yadda irin wannan za a iya amfani da m silica - rhinestone, jannayẽnsa ma'adini, silica yashi, kuma silica samu ta hanyar wucin gadi wajen.

Bambance-bambance da na al'ada da silica gilashi

Dangane da irin albarkatun kasa da kuma sanin wasu kaddarorin karshe samfurin. Saboda haka, kafin su sami wani crystal-bayyanannu, kuma m kayan da ake amfani da rhinestone.

Babban bambancin daga al'ada silicate gilashi ne a high narkewa zazzabi - ^{game da} 1500 C. Lokacin da wannan silicon oxide fara emit m haske radiation a bayyane bakan, Ina nufin glows.

Saboda da amorphous tsarin da albarkatun kasa narkewa aiwatar iya dauka babba lokaci. A zubi abun da ke ciki na da babban danko, wanda ya sa ya staplivat ko motsa. Wannan dagula yi na ma'adini gilashi tare da wannan bango kauri.

samar Features

A ra'ayi na duk na sama siffofin samar da silicate gilashi mai yiwuwa ne kawai a kan musamman kayan aiki. A da narkewa zafin jiki dole ne a kiyaye high, da kuma samar da glassware bude wuta jet wajibi ne don kula da yawan zafin jiki ^na 1800 C da ke sama.

Musamman bukatun da gabatarwa - shi dole ya zama bakarare. A kananan adadin waje barbashi zai babu makawa kai da gaskiyar cewa ƙãre ma'adini gilashi fashe da rasa dũkiyõyinsu a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. Musamman halaye da kuma ya kamata da samarwa ma'aikatan - glassmakers. Sun yi aiki da su musamman high yanayin zafi - daya kuskure a lokacin aiki na iya haifar da mumunan rauni, konewa.

Duk da babban glassblower kayan aikin da ake yi na zafi-resistant kayan - dutse, tungsten, wanda, Inter Alia, da wani babban nauyi. Saboda haka, ma'aikata dole ne su kasance a jiki karfi da kuma Hardy.

A Properties na ma'adini gilashi

Silicate gilashin yana da wani low lantarki watsin, don haka shi ne sau da yawa amfani da wani dielectric a lantarki na'urorin wuya. Babban m Properties, da wanda da ma'adini gilashi za a iya raba uku kungiyoyin:

1. Thermal. Resistance zuwa high zafin jiki ^{(game da} 1200 C), high coefficient na thermal fadada (15 sau fi da cewa da talakawa gilashi) fiye da ne ya sa ta jure kwatsam kuma gagarumin zazzabi hawa da sauka (ga samar da kankara-ruwa sanyaya rafi).
2. Chemical. Glass chemically tsaka tsaki, ba amsa tare da duk alkalies kuma acid fãce phosphoric acid da kuma hydrofluoric acid (dauki farawa a zazzabi sama ^da 300 C).
3. Tantancewar. A Refractive index of silica gilashin ne 150 sau da ƙananan fiye da na al'ada (n _e = 1,46). Saboda wannan shi ne daidai watsa ba kawai da rãnã da talakawa haske, amma ba ya riƙe wani infrared ko ultraviolet radiation.

Wadannan Properties damar yin amfani da ma'adini gilashi kamar gini abu, kazalika da samar da dakin gwaje-gwaje glassware, Tantancewar kida, lantarki da kayan aiki, da zafi-resistant tsaurin kayan. Daya daga cikin manyan yankunan da aikace-aikace - samar da Tantancewar zaruruwa.

Tantancewar ma'adini gilashi

Dangane da fasahar amfani a yi ma'adini gilashi iya zama opaque kuma m. A cikin farko idan da tsarin za su gabatar da wani babban yawan gas kumfa, wanda watsar da haske iskar. Clear gilashi, ma'adini gilashi ko Tantancewar, kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, shi ne cikakken kama, shi ba ya dauke da wani kumfa. Godiya ga wannan musamman kayan da ake amfani a yi na Tantancewar igiyoyi, high-gudun watsa bayanai, Tantancewar ruwan tabarau da kuma prisms.

Brand da kuma jerin Tantancewar gilashi

Akwai da dama brands na Tantancewar gilashin: KU-1, KI, kuma HF. A kayayyakin bambanta a cikin ikon hawa da bayyane, ultraviolet da infrared radiation. Shi ne mafi m gilashin iri CI - shi ne iya watsin haske a zango na 2600-2800 nm, kasa m - HF. Dangane da feedstock amfani da daban-daban haske watsa iya zama Tantancewar gilashin ma'adini. Gost 15130-86 ƙunshi bayani a kan uku jerin:

• 0 - kayan amfani a karkashin al'ada aiki yanayi;
• 100 - gilashi, resistant zuwa ionizing radiation low ikon;
• 200 - da albarkatun kasa da za a iya amfani da a karkashin yanayi na tsanani ionizing radiation.

Mark da kuma gilashin samar da jerin cipher kayayyakin. An amfani da masana'antu da kuma ma'anar da takamaiman irin gilashi. A kasar mu, babu wani boye-boye guda tsarin, don haka kowane kamfanin wakiltar su kayayyakin bisa ga fahimtar.

fanni na aikace-aikace

Silicate gilashin samar da manyan yawan daban-daban kayayyakin. Da ilimi da masana'antu dakunan gwaje-gwaje bukatar ma'adini gilashi tube, wanda ake amfani da ruwa matakin ji, da yi lantarki heaters, sunadarai halayen da kuma ajiya na m abubuwa.

Yadu amfani a samar samu da kuma opaque gilashin. Ana amfani da inda dole don sarrafa ruwa kayayyakin a high yanayin zafi da kuma, saboda da low cost, aka yi amfani da yadu.

Tantancewar gilashin da ake amfani a Shipbuilding da roka samar, yafi ga yi na lighting na'urori. A petrochemical masana'antu, wannan abu ne mai daraja ga ta high sunadarai juriya da aka amfani da su iko lalatattu ruwaye. A jirgin sama su ne glazed gida, kuma ana amfani da thermal rufi.

Masana'antun na kayayyakin sanya daidai da Gost 22291-83 bukatun. Ma'adini gilashi shambura, windows, prisms, ruwan tabarau, da kuma sauran kayayyakin da ake yi da taro da kuma mutum-akai.