Silicate gilashin: samarwa da kuma amfani da

Glass - daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri, nemi-bayan kayan ga daban-daban na rayuwa. Ana amfani da a yi da karewa aiki, an yi shi a cikin ayyukansu na aiyuka da lafiya art da ake amfani a cikin sarari masana'antu. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin araha, sauki a abun da ke ciki kayan. Mafi na kowa irin, da abin da muka sau da yawa fuskantar, da kuma yin amfani da kayayyakin sanya daga gare shi - silicate gilashi.

Mene ne wannan?

Mafi dadewar samfurin na gilashin beads suna dauke da aka samu a lokacin tono a Misira, masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa gano fiye da shekaru dubu biyar. Tun daga nan, da gilashin abun da ke ciki ya canza kadan. Babban kashi daga cikin kayan ne silica yashi (Si0 ₂₎ - silicate. Don wannan ne kara soda, soda ash, farar ƙasa, kuma da dama wasu abubuwa.

A masana'antu don samun gilashin taro da ake gauraya oxides na asali abubuwa da suka narke a cikin tanderu. Da narkewa zafin jiki ya dogara da ƙari, canza Properties na gilashi. A sakamakon taro ne wanda ya canja a hanyoyi da dama: yin lebur gilashi, imparting wani daban-daban siffar (crockery, maida hankali ne akan ga chandeliers, gilashin for Watches, da dai sauransu), yin preform ga m aiki boxed gilashin blowers kuma mafi.

A ci gaba da gilashi yin gagarumin gudunmawar da aka sanya da Lomonosov M. V., Kitaygorodsky NI, ya sha'awar a cikin m gefen batun Mendeleev D. I. da sauransu. Yana da sauki ayyana abu "silicate gilashin". Mene ne wannan? A abu da ciwon wani amorphous tsari, wata crystalline tsarin samu narke gauraye oxides bi ta sanyaya.

Production na gilashi

Ainihin kashi don samar da gilashi ne a ma'adini yashi, wanda aka kara a kalla a cikin rabbai na biyar sinadaran. Don asali halitta, dangane da kara yin amfani da kayan samu dalilai yi Additives: oxidants, opacifiers, decolorisers, dyes, accelerators da sauransu. Da karfe oxides ana amfani da colorants. Alal misali, jan tabo gilashin taro na ja da baƙin ƙarfe zai ba blue ko yellow tinge, cobalt oxides ba shudi da colloidal azurfa - rawaya.

A shirye bushe cakuda da aka caje a cikin wani gilashi narkewa makera, inda albarkatun kasa da aka narke a zazzabi na 1200-1600 ° C a lokacin aiwatar daukan 12 zuwa 96 hours. Glass Manufacturing kammala m sanyaya tsari, kawai a karkashin wannan yanayin na zubi gilashin na'am da duk ake bukata halaye na nuna gaskiya, inji karfin da ƙarin Properties ana aza a kan aiwatar da hadawa da oxides.

Nau'in silicate gilashi

Saki kaya tana nufin zuwa makamashi-m tafiyar matakai, da kuma suka tsunduma a silicate masana'antu. Glass masana'antu ta auku a cikin rami irin Tanderu tare da ci gaba da goyon bayan qaddara zazzabi. bushe saje da aka ɗora Kwatancen daga daya karshen wutar makera, da kanti aka sallami ƙãre abu.

A dangane da tartsatsi amfani za a iya raba iri a wurare daban daban da masana'antu silicate gilashin:

• Silica impurities ba tare da sodium oxides, potassium - shi ne Alkali-free gilashin. Yana yana da babban jure zafi, da na lallausan lantarki Properties. Daga cikin shortcomings - yana da wuya a aiwatar.
• Sodium, potassium, sodium-potassium - alkaline gilashi. Mafi na kowa da irin kayan dace da duk duniya aikace-aikace. An sanya ga akwatin kifaye gilashi, taga, jita-jita da sauransu.
• Alkali karfe oxides da wani babban abun ciki na nauyi karafa. Alal misali, Bugu da kari gubar ake bukata kafin su sami crystal, Tantancewar gilashi.

mahara amfani

Silicate gilashin yana da dama kaddarorin da taimaka da amfani a wani m kewayon. Kowace daga ta halaye za a iya inganta, sabili da haka samar da karin damar. Alal misali, da gilashi mai rufi tare da amalgam hidima a matsayin madubi, kuma za a iya amfani da hasken rana baturi a karkashin wani yanayi.

Hygienic da kuma m Properties glassware undeniable. A kayan yana da wani porosity da kuma, Saboda haka, ba jinsi kwayoyin cuta, da sauki tsaftace, shi ne resistant zuwa wani kayayyakin abinci. Bakeware gare multitasking za a iya gasa a wani babban zazzabi a cikin tanda ko sa a cikin injin daskarewa ba tare da wani lalacewa.

Stratification da kuma kauri

A kayan yana da wani sãɓãwar launukansa kauri, wanda kayyade ta damar. A takardar 2 mm m, shi ne dace da windows. Glass da ake amfani da wani akwatin kifaye na akalla 5 mm, dangane da girma na ruwa zuba a cikin akwati. Duk da haka, aquarists sun ƙara zo yi imani da cewa yin amfani da acrylic analogue ne yafi dace, musamman idan kana bukatar da damar zuwa 500 lita ko fiye.

Amfani da wani laminate (laminated) yana faɗaɗa: gam tare via da polymer film yanar gizo an kusan halaka ta, yana da hadari, saboda shi ba ya dakushewa. Guduma karya da biyu silicate gilashin 10 mm m interlayer film ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Laminated gilashin sanya m gadoji, ta facades na gine-gine, fences da sauran daruna.

Properties

Amfani da kayan silicate-tushen sami ta wurin a cikin ginin. Suna amfani ba kawai ga windows amma kuma kamar yadda ƙarin kariya da kuma m. Saboda haka, ruwa da gilashi aka bi da kafuwar tubalan, samar da su su resistant ga laima, naman gwari, da yawan zafin jiki da hawa da sauka da sauransu.

Bent ko matt translucent kayan da ake amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum, ya sanya kofofin furniture, shawa, facades, da sauransu.

Silicate gilashin yana da wadannan Properties:

• Transparency.
• Light Reflectance.
• Tsabtace muhalli.
• Heat juriya.
• Resistance zuwa m sinadaran yanayin.
• Halitta da juriya ga m yanayi.
• Karko.
• Low thermal watsin.

Ƙarin halaye kamar jure danniya da kuma inji lalacewa, ba kayan da quenching. Jigon da tsari ne m dumama da kuma m sanyaya na wannan a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. Tsayin qara da 4-5 sau. Saboda shi ya sa gilashin for hours, kofa bangarori, furniture, da na cikin gida ganuwar.

kayayyakin masana'antu

Jita-jita sanya daga silica gilashin da iyalinsa kayayyakin da ake yi a da dama key hanyoyi:

• Danna maɓalli. A danko sosai taro da aka zuba a cikin wani ajali mold, sa'an nan ta amfani da wani m mold part (naushi) an ba wasu sigogi. Mold for ciki surface iya samun juna, wanda lokacin da punching aka kwashe a kan m rabo daga labarin.
• Hurawa. Ya bambanta da inji kuma manual. A bango kauri daga cikin samfurin dabam daga 1 mm zuwa 10 mm. Wannan hanya sanya vases, kwalabe, da tabarau, kofuna. Manual hurawa - shi ne art. Jagora glassmakers ƙirƙirar musamman samfurin ta haɗa m da kuma canza launin talakawa sun dauki karfe jiki na yin aiki, na halitta albarkatun kasa, da zinariya, da sauransu. hannu cikin ƙaho ba a samu m kayayyakin.
• Wasa. Yafi amfani ga masana'antu figurines, da mutummutumai. Industrially kerarre da gyare-gyaren da na gani gilashi.
• A Multi-mataki hadin gwiwa. Amfani da sassan samar a biyu fasahar: hurawa kuma latsa. Alal misali, da damar da gilashi ne a cikin ƙaho da kuma kafa latsa, gama sassa suna da alaka.

ado aiki

Silicate gilashi - m abu domin da yawa iri ado. Rarrabe zafi da sanyi yarda.

Don da zafi hada da:

• Batawa girma karfe oxides.
• Hadawa da yawa launi daban-daban tare da kara da kullum (Venetian gilashin da stains).
• Krakelirovanie. A taro da aka shafi cikin wani samfurin da aka sanyaya hanzari, sakamakon surface fasa bayyana, domin kayyade da samfurin narke.
• Fusing.
• Hot-kafa da igiya, yarns, bi da ƙari ga labarin.
• Samuwar wani ƙarin nau'i na gefen a kan aiwatar da haddi. Samu ta yin amfani da kayan aikin.

Cold mold ado:

• Inji: nika, engraving, lu'u-lu'u facet, sandblasting.
• Sunadarai: etching da hydrofluoric acid.
• Arya: zanen, da jawo juna decal, siliki-allon bugu, plating, jini spraying, zanen luster Paints.

Sauran iri gilashi

Modern fasahar ba da damar ba da ƙarin ingancin silica gilashi. Daga cikin wadannan, mafi ban sha'awa da kuma rare ne:

Smart gilashin: da irin kayan da cewa ya canjãwa da kaddarorin a ƙarƙashin rinjayar waje yanayi. Alal misali, sa'ad da lantarki samfurin zama opaque, lokacin da disconnecting kewaye kõma, zuwa ga m jihar.

Glass zaruruwa (fiberglass) an samu ta hanyar jawo abu a cikin bakin ciki (auna a microns) yarns. Na su haifar da isasshe m abu. Amfani da samar da zare, insulating kayan, da sauransu.

Tãtacce Glass: talakawa soda-lemun tsami gilashin yana da wani greenish ko grayish tint, da kyau-alama, idan ka dubi da yanke. A sakamakon haka, masana'anta ne dan kadan a canza launin. Don kauce wa wannan sakamako, a cikin masana'antu tsari suna kara brighteners, neutralizing maras so launi. Ya bambanta daga al'ada inganta haske watsa damar littattafai, inks watsa ba tare da canza launi.