Lexical ma'anar - a lexical ma'anar kalmomin ...

Ƙamus - mai da muhimmanci sosai bangare na da harshen kimiyya. Ta yin nazarin kalmomi da ma'ana. Ba asiri: da aukaka samar da mutum harshe, da mafi kyau da kuma hasashe na jawabin nasa. Mai sabon kalmomi za a iya koya ta wurin karanta. Yana yakan faru ne cewa wani littafi ko mujallar samu wani sabon kalma, a wannan yanayin, zai taimake Dictionary na lexical ma'ana, ya kuma kira m. Mafi na kowa - bayar da VI Dal da SIOzhegov. Yana dogara ga su kimiyyar zamani na harshe.

Dictionary richness na Rasha harshen

Harshe, ciki har da Rasha, - wani sabon abu tasowa. Akwai sabon al'adu, da sabuwar dabara na kimiyya da fasaha, daya wayewa bayan wani. Hakika, duk wannan da aka nuna a cikin harshe. Wasu kalmomi bayyana, wasu bace. Wannan ƙamus vividly reacts zuwa wadannan canje-canje. Duk wannan shi ne wani arziki daga harshe. K.Paustovsky ya ba da sosai m bayani na totality of kalmomi, cewa kowane daga cikin mamaki ko batu akwai a harkar "mai kyau" kalma, da kuma wani lokacin fiye da daya.

Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa zuwa fahimci mutum daya zuwa wani ne isa a yi a stock 4-5 dubu kalmomi, amma wannan bai isa ba ga wata da kyau, alama da magana. Rasha harshen - daya daga cikin mafi kyau, don haka ji dadin da dũkiyarsa zama dole. Haka kuma, sanin mutum kalmomi tare da su fassarori bai isa ba (za ka iya kawai koyi ƙamus lexical ma'ana). Yana da yafi muhimmanci a san ma'anar related kalmomi, su alama da ma'anar, to fahimta da kuma amfani da saɓanin ma'ana, yi amfani da homonymous raka'a.

Lexical ma'anar

Word - mafi muhimmanci abu a cikin kowane harshe. Shi ne saboda ana harhada kuma baya da hade da yayi, wanda mutane sadarwa tare da juna. Yadda za a bambanta daya kalma daga wani? Tare da taimakon karin lafazi aiki. Har ila yau, wannan zai taimaka da lexical ma'anar. Wannan rarrabe kalmomi. Suna iya zama, misali, abubuwa, mutane ko wanda yake (tebur, malami, Wolf). halitta mamaki (iska, sanyi), mataki (gudu, to watch), ãyõyi (mai kyau, ruwan hoda).

A cikin ƙarni na kalmar iya canza ta lexical ma'anar. Dauki misali da kalmar lambu. Har XX karni, wannan kalma ta kaddamarda kamar yadda Hardware. A zamani lexical ma'anar ya canza: lambu yanzu - shi a kewaye a wani wuri inda kayan lambu suna girma.

Akwai kalmomi wanda lexical ma'anar - shi ne wani hanya mai sauƙi ne, su yi tunanin da labarun: itace, hukuma, flower. A wasu shi ne sosai m soyayya, nahawu, music. A lexical ma'anar Rasha harshen da aka takaita a cikin kamus. Sau da yawa hanyoyi da dama fassarori: m, a ma'anar kalmomi. Alal misali, hanya - a hanya. Wasu kamus samar da wani cikakken bayani: hanya - wani tabbataccen wuri a sarari, a kan wanda motsa.

Me ya sa kana bukatar ka sani cikin lexical ma'anar

Yana da muhimmanci a san lexical ma'anar - wannan zai ajiye wasu haruffan kurakurai. Ga misali:

• Don kokarin a kan bikin aure riguna - gajiya amma m tsari.
• Sulhunta makiya ta ko da yaushe ya juya daga da kyau.

A farko misali da kalmar "kokarin" da ake amfani da nufin "to sa ya kasancẽwa", saboda haka, shi ne tushen zama dole rubuta e. A karo na biyu jumla, muna magana ne game da duniya, saboda haka kana bukatar harafin da kuma a cikin tushen.

Lexical ma'anar bambanta ba kawai a cikin kalmomi amma kuma morpheme. Saboda haka, a lokacin da prefix - yi amfani a lokacin da magana game da incompleteness na mataki, kusa sosai kimantawa, ko Accession. pre - a lokuta inda a can ne mafi girma mataki na nufin wani abu (m - sosai funny, amma: don motsawa sama (connection), a wurin zama (bai cika), Sea (kusa da teku).

Har ila yau yana da tushen da ciwon daban-daban lexical ma'anar. Yana ta kamar - poppy - / - IOC -. - daidai - / - m -. Idan kalmar da nufin nutsewa a cikin ruwa, shi wajibi ne don rubuta - poppy - (dipping cookies a madara), wani abu - to "auku, sha ruwa", shi na bukatar rubutu - IOC - (rigar ƙafa). Akidar - wannan - ya kamata a rubuta, a cikin hali na lissafi (da lissafi). - m - yana da ma'anar wani abu ne m (datsa Geza).

Unambiguous da shubuha kalmomi

A richness daga cikin kalmomi na Rasha harshen sũ ne waɗanda raka'a cewa suna da 'yan ko daya kawai lexical ma'anar. Wannan unambiguous da shubuha kalmomi. A farko daya kawai fassarar: Birch, wukar yin aikin tiyata, Moscow, pizza. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga misalai, da kungiyar unambiguous kalmomi ne dace sunayen, sabuwar kunno kai ko kasashen waje kalmomi, da kyar mayar da hankali. Wannan shi ne duk wani nau'i na sharuddan, sunayen aikin da, da sunayen dabbobi.

Fiye da a cikin harshen shubuha kalmomi, wato, waɗanda suke da mahara ma'ana. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, fassarar revolves a kusa da wani musamman hali ko ma'ana. Gaskiyar cewa da kalmar mai daraja, gaya Dictionary. A dabi'u na Alamu da aka jera a karkashin lambobi. Bari mu bincika misali da kalmar "duniya". Ya na da dama fassarori:

1. Daya daga cikin taurari a cikin hasken rana tsarin.
2. Land - 'yan adawa na Concepts "ruwa" da "sama".
3. Gona - m Layer, damar zuwa girma dukan al'adu.
4. A ƙasa na zuwa wani.
5. Ga wasu kasashe - wani tarayya naúrar.

Na zahiri da kuma alama da ma'anar kalmar

All shubuha kalmomi iya ƙunsar kai tsaye ko alama da fassararsa. Idan ka sami aiki, "Bayyana lexical ma'anar kalmomin" shi wajibi ne don duba a cikin Dictionary. Akwai, kusa da darajar da shi zai nuna shi ne mai kai tsaye ko alama. A farko - asali; na biyu da aka kafa a kan tushen da asali manufa na kama.

La'akari da kalmar "hat" ga wani misali. Da farko, ta babban darajar - hula da kananan filayen. Bisa ga kama šaukuwa fassarar kafa: na sama na wani labarin, ya mika da lebur - hat ko ƙusa naman gwari.

Shi ne mai šaukuwa, da darajar a haɗe zuwa wani jawabin hasashe, dangane da su halitta irin en matsayin misãli (latent kwatanta: a sheaf na gashi), metonymy (contiguity ãyõyi: silverware) da kuma synecdoche (don amfani da wani ɓangare ga dukan: manomi ya zahiri bawa).

Wani lokaci akwai lokuta a cikin abin da harshen bayyana ne kawai alama da ma'anarsa, da kuma yin ayyuka kamar "Gane da lexical ma'anar kalmomin" bukatar ba kawai m, amma kuma wani etymological kamus. Alal misali, ya kasance da siffa "ja". Its kai tsaye ma'anar "kyakkyawan" kiyaye kawai a cikin tsohon wuri sunayen ( "ja yanki") ko almara (Misalai).

homonyms

Ma'anar kalmomin da za a iya kwatanta, contrasted. Binciko irin wannan dangantaka shirin for maki 5-6. A lexical ma'anar homonyms, ma'ana da saɓanin ma'ana sosai ban sha'awa. La'akari da duk irin wadannan kalmomi.

Homonyms - Waɗannan su ne kalmomi da suke m, a pronunciation ko kuskure ba, amma su ne kaucewa daban-daban ma'anar. Saboda haka, kalmar albasa (furanni) da kuma cloves (zangarniya for fastening abu) ne daidai rubuta da kuma kiransa. Wani misali: tofa - irin hairstyle, da kuma Xhosa - da yi. Homonyms iya zama nahawu. Alal misali, a cikin kalmar "zuwa ambaliya makera" da "gasa pies." Tanda, suna kalmar ne a farko idan kuma na biyu fi'ili. Kada dame manufar homonyms da shubuhohi. A farko ba presuppose wani takwara tsakanin Concepts, yayin da na biyu da aka gina a kan manufa na kama na wata ãyã.

Kamancin

Kamancin - kalmomi da wannan lexical ma'anar. Alal misali, kalmar nan "aboki da wani aboki, mai aboki, mai shirt-Guy" yana da darajar kusa, amintacce mutum. Duk da haka, nufin abu ɗaya ne har yanzu daban-daban tabarau na ma'ana. A madadin, misali, wakiltar wani musamman ƙaunar daya.

Kamancin mallaka daban-daban stylistic canza launi. Saboda haka, shirt-Guy amfani colloquially. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, ma'ana - kalmomi na daya bangare na jawabin, amma sun iya zama barga haduwa. Ilimi na sabon abu na synonymy zai kawar kuskure kurakurai. Saboda haka, ka koyi daidai haruffan da barbashi ba suna ko siffa, shi wajibi ne don bi algorithm: "ayyana lexical ma'anar da kuma kokarin karba ba tare da synonymous ba: maƙiyi - abokan gaba."

hamayya da juna

Saɓanin ma'ana - kalmomi diametrically iri dabam-dabam a cikin lexical ma'anar: daya - da makiya; tafi - gudu. zurfin - m. zuwa gaba - downward. Kamar yadda ka gani, da sabon abu antonymy hali na wani sassa na jawabin: sunaye, fi'ilai, manufofi, adverbs. A amfani da kalmomi ba musamman expressiveness na magana, yana taimaka wa kai a muhimmanci musamman ra'ayin, don haka shi ne sau da yawa m da ma'anar kalmomin da ake samu a cikin jama'a faxin ga mai sauraro ko karatu - karin magana. Alal misali, "wani badininsu a wani kyalle da safar hannu". A wannan yanayin, "taushi - wuya" - saɓanin ma'ana.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da Rasha, da harshen ne sosai bambancin, don haka batun da fassarar kalmomin karatu shekaru da dama. Bugu da kari, shi ne mayar da su cikin babban makaranta jarrabawa, wanda ya auku, misali, aikin "Bayyana lexical ma'anar kalmar" ko "Pick a dangantawa / antonym / homonym da kalmar" da sauransu.