Liquid iska - dalilin samar da m oxygen

Tun da dukan gas da jihohi da dama na tari, kuma za a iya liquefied, da iska, kunsha na da cakudadden gas kuma iya zama wani ruwa. M nuna ruwa iska ga rabuwa gare tsantsa oxygen, nitrogen da argon.

A kadan tarihi

Har cikin karni na 19th, masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa gas yana daya kawai ta jiki jihar, amma ya kawo iska da ruwa a jihar koya a farkon karni na karshe. Wannan ya yi amfani da Linde inji, babban sassa na abin da suke da kwampreso (motor, bayar da wani famfo) da kuma wani zafi Exchanger, nuna matsayin biyu shambura birgima a cikin wani karkace, daya daga wanda aka gudanar a ciki da sauran. The uku bangaren na tsarin wani thermos, za a ciki da kuma liquefied gas. Machine sassa aka rufe da insulating kayan domin ya hana samun gas daga waje zafi. Dake kusa da bakin ciki tube aka kare a shaƙa.

gas aiki

The fasaha domin samar da ruwa iska ne quite sauki. Na farko, da gas cakuda shi ne tsarkake daga turɓãya, ruwa barbashi, kazalika da carbon dioxide. Akwai wani muhimmin bangaren, ba tare da wanda zai samar ruwa iska - matsa lamba. Ta wajen da kwampreso iska ne matsa wa 200-250 ATM, yayin da sanyaya shi da ruwa. Sa'an nan iska ya wuce ta farko zafi Exchanger, sa'an nan ya kasu kashi biyu qarqashinsu, da ya fi girma wanda shi ne a cikin yalwatãwa. Wannan kalma tana nufin wani fistan inji, wanda aiki da fadada gas. Yana sabobin tuba m makamashi cikin inji, da kuma iskar gas da aka sanyaya saboda ya aikata aiki.

Bugu da ari, iska, wanka biyu zafi Exchanger, kuma game da shi sanyaya na biyu kwarara faruwa a gaba, ya fito da kuma tattara a cikin thermos.

turboexpander

Duk da bayyana sauki, da yin amfani da yalwatãwa ba zai yiwu a kan wani m sikelin. Samu ta hanyar throttling gas ta cikin bakin ciki tube shi ne ma tsada, shi ne bai isa yadda ya kamata samu da kuma samar da makamashi cinyewa kuma haka unacceptable ga masana'antu. A farkon karni na karshe shi ne tambaya na simplifying samar da alade da baƙin ƙarfe, da kuma don wannan dalili shi aka samarwa yi hurawa daga cikin iska da wani babban oxygen abun ciki. Kamar wancan akwai wata tambaya game da sayar da samar da Malkisadik.

A fistan yalwatãwa sauri gidan ya toshe da ruwa kankara, don haka cikin iska wajibi ne a pre-bushe, abin da ya sa cikin tsari mafi rikitarwa da kuma tsada. Taimaka magance matsalar da ci gaban da turbo yalwatãwa da ake amfani a wuri na fistan injin turbin. Daga baya turbo Expanders an yi amfani da lokacin da shirye-shiryen da kuma sauran gas.

aikace-aikace

Liquid iska kanta kadai ba a amfani da wannan tsaka-tsaki samfurin kafin su sami tsarki gas.

kadaici aka gyara manufa dogara ne a kan bambanci a ruwan aka gyara daga cikin cakuda: oxygen tafasa a -183 °, da kuma nitrogen a -196 °. ruwa iska zafin jiki ne kasa da ɗari biyu da darajõji, kuma dumama shi, shi ne mai yiwuwa a samar da rabuwa.

Lokacin da ruwa ya fara sannu a hankali ƙafe iska, nitrogen evaporates farko, kuma bayan shi ya evaporated da babban kashi, a zazzabi na -183 ° ruwan oxygen. Gaskiyar ita ce, yayin da nitrogen ya zauna a cikin cakuda, shi ba zai iya ci gaba da zafi, ko da lokacin da yin amfani da wani ƙarin hita, amma da zaran mafi yawan nitrogen zai ƙafe, a cakuda da aka sauri isa ruwan zafin jiki wadannan rabo daga cikin cakuda, Ina nufin oxygen.

tsarkakewa

Duk da haka a wannan hanyar ba shi yiwuwa a samu tsarki oxygen da kuma nitrogen a guda aiki. The iska a cikin ruwa a jihar zuwa na farko barasan mataki ya ƙunshi game da 78% nitrogen da kuma 21% oxygen, duk da haka, m da tsari da kuma karami da ruwa nitrogen ya zauna a cikin mafi tare da shi zai ƙafe da oxygen. Lokacin da nitrogen maida hankali a cikin ruwa saukad da zuwa 50%, da oxygen abun ciki a cikin tururi ne ta ƙara zuwa 20%. Saboda haka, evaporated gas da aka takaice sake da hõre barasan a karo na biyu. A mafi girma da distillations, da bayarda zai kasance sakamakon kayayyakin.

a masana'antu

Danshin da sandaro - biyu sabani tafiyar matakai. A farko ruwa dole ne ciyar da zafi, kuma a karo na biyu - kadan za a sake. Idan babu zafi asarar, da zafi saki da kuma tunawa a lokacin da wannan tsari da. Kamar wancan ne girma daga cikin takaice oxygen ne ma daidaita da girma na evaporated nitrogen. Wannan tsari shine ake kira barasan. A cakuda na biyu gas kafa saboda danshin ruwa iska sake wuce ta wurin shi, da kuma wasu daga cikin oxygen wuce a cikin condensate, ta haka ne ba zafi, game da shi, to ƙafe wasu daga cikin nitrogen. A tsari ne da maimaita wani jam'i na sau.

Industrial shiri na nitrogen da oxygen ta auku a cikin abin da ake kira gyãrawa ginshikan.

ban sha'awa facts

Ga lamba tare da ruwa oxygen da yawa kayan zama gaggautsa. Bugu da ƙari, ruwa oxygen - mai iko oxidant, duk da haka, bugawa da shi, Organic abubuwa ƙona, sakewa da yawa zafi. Lokacin da impregnating ruwa oxygen wasu daga cikin wadannan abubuwa zama wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba m Properties. Wannan hali ne da halayyar mai kayayyakin, da suka hada da na al'ada kwalta.