Muhimmai daga Chemistry: Properties, aikace-aikace da kuma samun nitrogen

Nitrogen ne daya daga cikin na kowa abubuwa a duniya - a wani yanayi na ciki ya wuce 78%. A wanzuwar irin wannan babban adadin nitrogen a ce free jihar ta inertness da wuya hulda da sauran abubuwa a lokacin al'ada yanayi.

A mamaye jihar, wannan abu za a iya samu a cikin kwayoyin da inorganic al'amarin. Hade da carbon da oxygen, nitrogen adana a shuka da dabbobi da sunadarai.

A kanta, da sunan "nitrogen" coined da Lavoisier, wanda a cikin shakka daga m gwaje-gwajen da kafa gaban a cikin yanayi na wasu inert abu. Scientist gano cewa abu m - Greek «azote».

A nitrogen sake zagayowar

Ko da yake nitrogen inertness, ta halitta abin da ke faruwa tafiyar matakai ta dindindin kayyade ko bonding. Alal misali, a cikin tushen leguminous shuke-shuke tara musamman kwayoyin da gyara nitrogen, sarrafa shi a cikin nitrates.

A wannan gas yanayi da aka oxidized a lokacin walƙiya sallama. Sa'an nan nitrogen oxides narkar da a hazo, forming acid ne nitric da nitrous. Tare da dusar ƙanƙara, ruwan sama, hazo, nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, inda da canji a cikin nitrates ko nitrites. A daban-daban shuke-shuke amfani da su don gina gina jiki. Animals ci tsire-tsire, da kuma kayan lambu gina jiki da aka sarrafa a cikin dabba. A bazuwar na shuka da dabbobi mutuwa, bayan duk nitrogen mahadi a jikinsu suna tuba zuwa ammonia. A kwayoyin don ya hallaka ta sauki abubuwa, nuna rubutu sake tare da m nitrogen da hydrogen. Wannan ya faru nitrogen sake zagayowar ko wani nitrogen sake zagayowar a yanayi.

Chemical Properties na nitrogen

Its main dukiya ne a al'ada yanayi - shi ne inertia, watau, m reactivity. A nitrogen zarra iya samar da wata bond zuwa wani nitrogen zarra, wanda shi ne quite sabon abu ga sinadaran abubuwa (tare da banda kawai silicon da carbon).

Lokacin da mai tsanani, da kashi reacts tare da mafi karafa. A wannan nau'i ionic, covalent ko tsaka-tsaki nitrides da barnatar da-caje nitrogen ions.

A dauki tare da hydrogen, nitrogen siffofin isasshe barga mahadi - azotovodorody cewa vaguely kama hydrocarbons. Daga cikin irin wannan abubuwa sun hada da ammonia, hydrazine da hydrazoic acid.

Shiri kuma aikace-aikace na nitrogen

Mahadi wannan abu taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arziki da kuma aikin noma. A Hanyar samar da nitrogen a cikin nau'i na da wani sinadari ne dogara a kan so digiri na tsarki. Mafi nitrogen da ake bukata domin ammonia samar, amma an yarda a kananan abun ciki na daraja gas.

Shiri na yanayi nitrogen

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi tattali da hanyoyin da aka tsarkake iska ne liquefied da sanyaya jẽre da kuma fadada su. A sakamakon ruwa iska sulusi da murabba'i distilled kan sannu a hankali kiwon da yawan zafin jiki. A lokacin da wannan tsari ne na farko kasaftawa daraja gas, sa'an nan nitrogen. Yana kawai ya rage ruwa oxygen.

Kamar samun mai yawa nitrogen sa ya yiwu don nuna miliyoyin ton na abu a kowace shekara. Nitrogen, yafi amfani ga m samar da ammonia da bi da bi hidima a matsayin albarkatun kasa ga masana'antu da kuma noma da nitrogen mahadi.

Pure nitrogen yanayi kuma za a iya amfani da lokacin da ya cancanta don cikakken babu oxygen.

Shiri nitrogen a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje

A kananan yawa, da gas aka samar da oxidizing ammonia ko ammonium ions. A musamman, da ammonium ion iya oxidized zuwa nitrite ion.

Shiri nitrogen a lokacin bazuwar

Azides decompose a lokacin da mai tsanani, decomposes cikin ammonia jan oxide, nitrates an bazu ta dauki tare da urea ko sulfamic acid - nitrogen da aka kafa ta da duk wadannan halayen.