Jan karfe oxide

Cuprum (Cu) yana nufin yawan m karafa. An halin da samuwar sinadaran mahadi tare da hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihohin +1 +2 kuma. Alal misali, biyu oxides, shi ne a fili na biyu abubuwa na Cu da oxygen Yã: hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +1 - cuprous oxide Cu2O da hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +2 - jan karfe oxide CuO. Duk da cewa sun kunshi cikin wannan sinadaran abubuwa, amma kowanne daga cikinsu na da musamman halaye. A cikin sanyi karfe mayar da martani sosai weakly tare da oxygen a cikin iska, ya rufe tare da wani fim, wanda shi ne mai jan oxide, wanda ya hana hadawan abu da iskar shaka kayan aiki cuprum. Lokacin da mai tsanani, mai sauki abu da jerin lamba 29 a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur ne gaba daya oxidized. A wannan yanayin ma kafa na jan karfe oxide (II): 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO.

Nitrous oxide ne brownish-ja m da kwayoyin nauyi na 143,1 g / mole. A fili yana da wani narkewa zafin jiki na 1235 ° C, ruwan maki 1,800 ° C. Yana ba narke a cikin ruwa amma dissolves a acid. Girma da jan oxide (I) a ammonia bayani (mayar da hankali), forming wani colorless hadaddun [Cu (NH3) 2] +, wanda aka sauƙi oxidized a iska to ammonia hadaddun blue-m launi [Cu (NH3) 4 (H2O) 2] 2+ rushe a hydrochloric acid don ya samar CuCl2. A semiconductor kimiyyar lissafi tarihi Cu2O ne daya daga cikin mafi karanci kayan.

Copper oxide (I), kuma aka sani da nitrous yana da asali Properties. Yana za a iya shirya da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na karfe: 4Cu + O2 → 2 Cu2O. Impurities kamar ruwa da kuma acid zuwa shafi cikin kudi na wannan tsari, da kuma kara hadawan abu da iskar shaka zuwa ferrous oxide. Cuprous oxide za a iya narkar da a sulfuric acid, game da shi, ya kafa wani m karfe da kuma gishiri daga gare ta, H2SO4 + Cu2O → Cu + CuSO4 + H2O. A irin wannan makirci ne wani hulda da oxide da wani mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka na daya karfe tare da sauran oxygen-dauke acid. A dauki na nitrous acid tare da halogenated monovalent karfe gishiri form: 2HCl + Cu2O → 2CuCl + H2O.

Found jan oxide (I) a cikin yanayi kamar yadda ja tama (wannan tsohon sunan, tare da kamar yaƙutu Cu), ma'adinai da ake kira "Cuprite". A da samuwar daukan lokaci mai tsawo. Yana za a iya samar artificially ko a high yanayin zafi a karkashin babban oxygen matsa lamba. Nitrous yawanci amfani da wani fungicide, kamar yadda wani pigment, a matsayin karkashin ruwa antifouling wakili a cikin Paint ko teku, da kuma amfani da matsayin mai kara kuzari.

Duk da haka, sakamakon wannan abu tare da sinadaran dabara Cu2O a kan kwayoyin iya zama cutarwa. Lokacin da inhaled, shi sa shortness na numfashi, tari, kuma ulceration da perforation na numfashi fili. Idan ya haɗiye irritating da gastrointestinal fili, tare da amai, zafi da zawo.

Higher oxide jan a cikin bayyanar ne foda daga ruwan kasa baki. Yana faruwa ta halitta a matsayin ma'adinai, "da mawaki" a cikin purest siffan. Its narkewa zafin jiki ne 1326 ° C, ruwan maki 2,000 ° C. Shi ne insoluble a ruwa, barasa, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate bayani. Narkewa a cikin ruwa-ruwa mafita daga ammonium chloride da potassium cyanide. Wannan baki m za a iya samu ta gasa a iska Cu. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin ma kafa oxide Cu. Shiri na jan karfe oxide CuO optionally tare da dumama mahadi:

• jan karfe (II) nitrate 2Cu (NO3) 2 4 → NO2 + O2 + 2CuO.

• jan karfe (II) hydroxide Cu (OH) 2 → H2O + CuO.

• jan karfe (II) carbonate CuCO3 → CO2 + CuO.

Cuprum (II) oxide ne na asali, don haka shi dissolves ma'adinai a acid (hydrochloric, sulfuric da nitric) ya ba da m divalent Cu salts:

• 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O.

• H2SO4 + CuO → CuSO4 + H2O.

• 2HNO3 + CuO → Cu (NO3) 2 + H2O.

Reacts jan oxide (II) tare da mayar da hankali Alkali samar da wata gishiri: 2 Koh + CuO + H2O → K2 [Cu (OH) 4].

A oxide ƙila za a rage zuwa ƙarfe Cu ta dauki tare da hydrogen ko carbon monoxide :

• H2 + CuO → Cu + H2O.

• CO + CuO → Cu + CO2.

Amfani da tagulla oxide (II) a cikin tukwane (a matsayin pigment) ga glaze (blue, kore da ja, da kuma wani lokacin ruwan hoda, da launin toka, ko baki). Haka kuma an yi amfani da matsayin abinci ƙari a wata dabba don rage cuprum karanci a cikin jiki. Wannan abrasive kayan, wanda wajibi ne a goge Tantancewar kayan aiki. Ana amfani domin samar da bushe batura da shiri na sauran Cu salts. A fili ana amfani a CuO waldi jan gami.

Exposure zuwa sinadaran fili CuO kuma iya zama haɗari ga jikin mutum. Lokacin da inhaled, haddasa huhu hangula. Copper oxide (II) na iya sa zazzabi ƙarfe vapors (MFF). Cu oxide tsokani wani canji a fata launi, na iya samun matsaloli da gannai. Lokacin da ingested a matsayin nitrous take kaiwa zuwa guba, wanda yana tare da bayyanar cututtuka na amai da kuma zafi.